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61.
Pierre Trudel Danile Courchesne Christian Roy Pierre Chartrand 《Applied microbiology》1988,54(6):1550-1556
We have screened a genomic library of Trametes versicolor for genes whose expression is associated with nitrogen starvation, which has been shown to induce ligninolytic activity. Using two different approaches based on differential expression, we isolated 29 clones. These were shown by restriction mapping and cross-hybridization to code for 11 distinct differentially expressed genes. Northern analysis of the kinetics of expression of these genes revealed that at least four of them have kinetics of induction that parallel kinetics of induction of ligninolytic activity. 相似文献
62.
Behaviour of drifting insect larvae 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The larval drift behaviour of 23 species representing Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera was investigated in the laboratory using different current regimes. Mayfly nymphs often performed swimming, while caddis larvae were reluctant to do so. Stonefly nymphs were intermediate. In mayflies swimming seemed to be used to reach the substrate as soon as possible. In contrast most stonefly nymphs by swimming prolonged the time spent in the water column. Modes of swimming and sinking posture differed markedly between the orders. Living passively sinking animals often reached bottom faster than dead control specimens, so consequently behaviour did not always express itself in activity. Some caddis larvae spun adherent anchor lines. Differences among taxa seemed more important in explaining swimming activity compared to preferred habitats (as stream, river and lake) in each species. However, observed differences among closely related species indicated subtle differences related to microhabitat to be of profound importance in explaining the alternative behavioural strategies used. 相似文献
63.
Christian Boucher Anne Martinel Patrick Barberis Genevieve Alloing Claudine Zischek 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1986,205(2):270-275
Summary A class of avirulent mutants of the plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum, strain GMI1000, resistant to acridine orange (Acrr), harbour a deletion of over 85 kb in their genome. This deletion affects, a1,000 kb megaplasmid which has previously been shown to be present in most of the strains of this species. In addition at least 11 out of 13 independent Tn5 insertions, leading to loss of virulence, are located on the megaplasmid. Nine of them are present in the region which is deleted from the Acrr mutants. These results suggest that the majority of virulence genes identified so far are plasmid borne. 相似文献
64.
Daniel Chappard Christian Alexandre Sabine Palle George Riffat 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1986,61(2):93-96
Polyester fibers are not dissolved by either glycol methacrylate or methyl methacrylate. Commercial polyester wadding is consequently an advantageous material to use in getting precise orientation of tissue specimens during embedding in methacrylate. 相似文献
65.
Daniel Chappard Christian Alexandre Sabine Palle Georges Riffat 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1986,61(3):145-149
A one-step clearing and embedding procedure for alizarin red S stained skeletons is described. Embryos are fixed in formalin, skinned and eviscerated. After staining in a 10 mg/liter solution of alizarin red S in 5% aqueous KOH, specimens are dehydrated in a graded series of acetone-polyester monomer solutions. Finally, the specimens are embedded at room temperature in the polyester resin. A special reusable metallic mold is described for embedment of large fetuses. Specimens previously cleared in glycerol can be processed with this method. 相似文献
66.
Metabolism and Solubilization of Cellulose by Clostridium cellulolyticum H10 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
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When Clostridium cellulolyticum was grown with cellulose MN300 as the substrate, the rates of growth and metabolite production were found to be lower than those observed with soluble sugars as the substrate. At low cellulose concentrations, the growth yields were equal to those obtained with cellobiose. The main fermentation products from cellulose and soluble sugars were the same. Up to 15 mM of consumed hexose, a change in the metabolic pathway favoring lactate production similar to that observed with soluble sugars was found to occur concomitantly with a decrease in molar growth yield. With cellulose concentrations above 5 g/liter, accumulation of soluble sugars occurred once growth had ceased. Glucose accounted for 30% of these sugars. A kinetic analysis of cellulose solubilization revealed that cellulolysis by C. cellulolyticum involved three stages whatever cellulose concentration was used. Analysis of these kinetics showed three consecutive enzymatic activity levels having the same Km (0.8 g of cellulose per liter, i.e., 5 mM hexose equivalent) but decreasing values of Vmax. The hypothesis is suggested that each step corresponds to differences in cellulose structure. 相似文献
67.
Summary Home ranges of the Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus pallidus) were examined with respect to food availability and the thermal environment. Activity patterns, the amount of space used per day, and time required to use the entire home range were also investigated. The effects of, and the relationships between, these factors vary seasonally, as do home range sizes and preferred body temperatures.Food supplementation experiments resulted in only temporary reductions in use of space. Home range sizes were not different between the seasons with the least (Fall) and the most (Hot) food availalble, but home ranges were significantly smaller in Garua when food supplies were low, but not as low as in Fall. Calculations of metabolic expenditures in each season suggests that food availability alone does not explain seasonal patterns of home range size in this species.The thermal environment within each home range was characterized by microclimatic measurements and measurements of the area of sun, shade, and semi-shade. An index with units of m2h was used to quantify the thermal quality of each home range. Iguanas exploited optimal (with respect to body temperature) conditions more than would be expected from random use of their home ranges. Thermal transients (due to large body size) and optimal conditions were exploited to the largest degree in Fall.During Garua, low metabolic rates and time constraints imposed by an abundance of stressful thermal environments may result in small home ranges. In Fall, increased temperatures cause higher metabolic rates and allow more time for exploitation of the cooler portions of the home range, hence, home range sizes increase. In the Hot season, there is abundant food and optimal thermal conditions, but home ranges remain large. Searching for preferred foods may cause the large home ranges in this season. 相似文献
68.
69.
Toshihisa Ohshima Christian Wandrey Miyuki Sugiura Kenji Soda 《Biotechnology letters》1985,7(12):871-876
Summary Screening of leucine and alanine dehydrogenases in thermophilicBacillus strains was carried out to develop their utilization for industrial and analytical catalysts. Out of the 28 thermophilic strains tested, four strains,Bacillus sp. DSM 405, 730 and 1521, andB.
sphaericus DSM 462, abundantly produce both the enzymes. Both the enzyme activities in these thermophiles are enhanced by addition of the substrates to a polypeptone medium. 相似文献
70.
Christian Leuckert 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》1985,98(1):401-408
Die Kombination (Koppelung) der Stoffe im Chemosyndrom kann gegenseitig oder einseitig obligat oder auch fakultativ sein. Dabei ist die Stellung der beteiligten eng verwandten Produkte im Rahmen der Biosynthese von Fall zu Fall verschieden. — Dem Chemotaxonomen kann die Berücksichrigung dieser Aspekte zumindest tendenziell als Anhaltspunkt dienen. Bei Vorkommen der Komponenten in verschiedenen Verwandtschaftskreisen wird man ein Chemosyndrom - also eine Kornbination biogenetisch eng verwandter Verbindungen - urn so eher als ein einziges Merkmal betrachten können, je seltener die Kombination aufgelöst ist. Zweifellos stellen der solitare Stoff als Einzelmerkmal und die ohne Ausnahme auftretende (obligate) Kombination als Einzelmerkmal nur Extreme einer gleitenden Reihe dar. Herrn Prof. Dr. E. KLUG (Berlin) danke ich für die Durchsicht des Manuskripts und für werrvolle Diskussion, Herrn H. LÜNSER für die sorgfältige Ausführung der Zeichnungen, Frau I. EGGERT, Frau C. MÜLLER und Frau 1. POHL für die Hilfen bei der Vorbereitung des Manuskripts. Herrn Dr. M. SEAWARD (Bradford) bin ich für Beratung und Diskussion in Zusammenhang mit der Form der englischen Zusammenfassung sehr zu Dank verpflichter, 相似文献