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21.
Mauro S. Sandrin Hilary A. Vaughan Ian F. C. McKenzie Brian D. Tait Christopher R. Parish 《Immunogenetics》1979,8(1):185-200
The production of xenogeneic anti-Ia serum against Ia antigens in serum has been previously described in the mouse and we now describe the production of xenogeneic anti-human Ia antisera using similar methods. With an indirect resetting technique, Ia-like antibodies were shown to react with the majority of B cells (95%), a subpopulation of T cells, with carbonyl iron adherent cells, and with some E–Ig– null cells, but there was no reaction with red cells and platelets. These reactions were the same as those obtained with DRW antisera using cytotoxicity testing. In addition, antigens detected with xenogeneic antisera were also found in serum, where they were found to exist in a low molecular weight, dialyzable form. By the selective removal of different cell surface markers by cocapping, no association could be found with the specifities detected with the xenogeneic anti-Ia antisera and with surface Ig,
2-microglobulin, or HLA-A and B specificities. Alloantibodies to DRW specificities (but not HLA-A, B specificities) were able to specifically block the binding of the rabbit anti-Ia antibodies to B cells, and reciprocal blocking of rabbit antisera by DRW antibodies was also observed. Several xenogenic antisera were produced by immunizing rabbits with the serum of different individuals. Each antiserum was shown to contain a number of different specificities, as they gave different reaction patterns with different individuals when testing was done both directly and by absorption. These xenogeneic anti-la sera also segregated in a family with HLA-A and B specificities. The detection of a polymorphic antigenic system segregating with the HLA complex, distinct from HLA-A and B specificities, and whose antigens occur predominantly on B cells is therefore described. Because of the similarity of the reactions of the xenogeneic antisera in man to those found in the mouse, and because of the close relationship to the DRW specificities, the system has been provisionally called the H.Ia system.Abbreviations used in this paper AET
2-aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide
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2-M
-2 microglobulin
- BSA
Bovine serum albumin
- H.Ia
Human Ia
- HuRBC
Human red blood cells
- Ig
Immunoglobulin
- Ir
Immune response
- MHC
Major histocompatibility complex
- MLR
Mixed lymphocyte reaction
- NHS
Normal human serum
- NMS
Normal mouse serum
- PBL
Peripheral blood lymphocytes
- PBS
Phosphate-buffered saline
- RAHIg
Rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin
- RASIg
Rabbit anti-sheep immunoglobulin
- RFC
Rosette-forming cells
- SAHIg
Sheep anti-human immunoglobulin
- SARIy
Sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin
- SRBC
Sheep red blood cells 相似文献
22.
The protective capacities of fractionated immune thoracic duct lymphocytes against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) obtained from rats either on the tenth day of a primary infection (Day 10 TDL) or 1 or 5 weeks after a tertiary infection (hyperimmune TDL) with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were fractionated into cells lacking (sIg?) or bearing (sIg+) surface immunoglobulin by a rosetting procedure. The abilities of unfractionated TDL, of the two subpopulations, and of the reconstituted cells to confer protection against the parasite were examined. The effector cells which cause worm expulsion were found only in (sIg?) cells from Day 10 TDL and also predominantly in (sIg?) cells from hyperimmune TDL. However, a small but significant degree of protection was conferred by (sIg+) cells from hyperimmune TDL. These results suggest that the mechanisms involved in worm expulsion are regulated by (sIg?) cells but that (sIg+) cells from hyperimmune rats can also contribute to the mechanisms of worm expulsion. 相似文献
23.
1. | The plating efficiency of bacteriophage MX-1 on Myxococcus xanthus strains A and B and M. virescens V2 were compared. Comparison of strains V2 and A suggest that V2 is restrictive and A is not (restriction coefficient was approximately 8). A derivative of M. virescens V2 (strain V2-9) was obtained by repeated exposure of strain V2 to ultraviolet radiation. Strain V2-9 was also unrestrictive. Strain B is apparently unrestrictive too but analysis of phenotypic changes in phage derived from hosts V2, B and A suggested that some of the host-cell processes differ from orthodox restriction and modification. |
2. | Cell-free extracts from M. virescens V2 were fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography and two restriction endonucleases, R. MviV2I and R. MviV2II were identified. Nuclease I was found to hydrolyse coliphage DNA at apparently one site only and MX-1 DNA at approximately 10 sites; nuclease II was found to hydrolyse MX-1 DNA at a very large number of sites and its restriction sequence was of comparable frequency with that of R. EcoRII. Modified MX-1 DNA, obtained from phage whose last host was M. virescens V2 was hydrolysed by nuclease II but not by nuclease I. The significance of these findings for restriction in myxococci is discussed. |
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From infection to cancer: how DNA tumour viruses alter host cell central carbon and lipid metabolism
Infections cause 13% of all cancers globally, and DNA tumour viruses account for almost 60% of these cancers. All viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and hijack host cell functions to replicate and complete their life cycles to produce progeny virions. While many aspects of viral manipulation of host cells have been studied, how DNA tumour viruses manipulate host cell metabolism and whether metabolic alterations in the virus life cycle contribute to carcinogenesis are not well understood. In this review, we compare the differences in central carbon and fatty acid metabolism in host cells following infection, oncogenic transformation, and virus-driven cancer of DNA tumour viruses including: Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, Kaposi''s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus. 相似文献
30.
D Wang CR Stockard L Harkins P Lott C Salih K Yuan 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2013,88(3-4):179-189
Angiogenesis, or neovascularization, is known to play an important role in the neoplastic progression leading to metastasis. CD31 or Factor VIII-related antigen (F VIII RAg) immunohistochemistry is widely used in experimental studies for quantifying tumor neovascularization in immunocompromised animal models implanted with transformed human cell lines. Quantification, however, can be affected by variations in the methodology used to measure vascularization including antibody selection, antigen retrieval (AR) pretreatment, and evaluation techniques. To examine this further, we investigated the microvessel density (MVD) and the intensity of microvascular staining among five different human tumor xenografts and a mouse syngeneic tumor using anti-CD31 and F VIII RAg immunohistochemical staining. Different AR methods also were evaluated. Maximal retrieval of CD31 was achieved using 0.5 M Tris (pH 10) buffer, while maximum retrieval of F VIII RAg was achieved using 0.05% pepsin treatment of tissue sections. For each optimized retrieval condition, anti-CD31 highlighted small vessels better than F VIII RAg. Furthermore, the MVD of CD31 was significantly greater than that of F VIII RAg decorated vessels (p<0.001). The choice of antibody and AR method has a significant affect on immunohistochemical findings when studying angiogenesis. One also must use caution when comparing studies in the literature that use different techniques and reagents. 相似文献