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11.
Experiments were conducted both under in vitro and in situ conditions to determine the biodegradation potential of button
mushroom spent substrate (SMS) and its dominating microbes (fungi and bacteria) for carbendazim and mancozeb, the commonly
used agricultural fungicides. During 6 days of incubation at 30 ± 2°C under broth culture conditions, highest degradation
of carbendazim (17.45%) was recorded with B-1 bacterial isolate, while highest degradation of mancozeb (18.05%) was recorded
with Trichoderma sp. In fungicide pre-mixed sterilized SMS, highest degradation of carbendazim (100.00–66.50 μg g−1) was recorded with mixed inoculum of Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp., whereas highest degradation of mancozeb (100.00–50.50 μg g−1) was with mixed inoculum of Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. and B–I bacterial isolate in 15 days of incubation at 30 ± 2°C. All these microbes both individually as well as in different
combinations grew well and produced extracellular lignolytic enzymes on SMS, which helped in fungicides degradation. Under
in situ conditions, among three different proportions of SMS (10, 20 and 30%, w/w) mixed with fungicide pre-mixed soil (100 μg g−1 of soil), the degradation of carbendazim was highest in 30% SMS treatment, while for mancozeb it was in 20% SMS treatment.
The residue levels of both fungicides decreased to half of their initial concentration after 1 month of SMS mixing. 相似文献
12.
Protective role of zinc in nickel induced hepatotoxicity in rats 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study was planned to determine the protective role of zinc, if any, in attenuating the toxicity induced by nickel sulfate in rat liver. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats received either nickel alone in the dose of 800 mg/l in drinking water, zinc alone in the dose of 227 mg/l in drinking water, and nickel plus zinc or drinking water alone for a total duration of eight weeks. The effects of different treatments were studied on various parameters in rat liver which include antioxidant enzymes, levels of nickel and zinc and histoarchitecture at the light microscopic level. Further, the activities of hepatic marker enzymes AST and ALT were also studied in rat serum. Nickel treatment to the normal control animals, resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and enzyme activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. On the contrary, nickel treatment to normal rats caused a significant inhibition in the levels of reduced glutathione. Superoxide dismutase activity was found to be decreased which however was not significant. Interestingly, when Zn was supplemented to nickel treated rats, the activities of catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase and the levels of GSH and lipid peroxidation came back to within normal limits. Activities of serum AST and ALT were increased significantly following nickel treatment to normal rats. Simultaneous zinc administration to nickel treated rats tended to restore the altered levels of AST and ALT. Normal control and zinc treated animals revealed normal histology of liver. On the other hand, nickel treated animals showed alterations in normal hepatic histoarchitecture which comprise of vacuolization of the hepatocytes and dilatation of sinusoids as well as increase in the number of bi-nucleated cells. Administration of zinc to nickel treated rats resulted in marked improvement in the structure of hepatocytes, thus emphasizing the protective potential of zinc in restoring the altered hepatic histoarchitecture. The nickel administration to normal rats indicated increased concentrations of nickel and decreased concentrations of zinc. However, zinc effectively brought the altered levels of nickel and zinc to within normal range. The study concludes that zinc has the potential in alleviating the toxic effects of nickel in rat liver because of its property to induce metallothionein (S-rich protein) as a free radical scavenger, or its indirect action in reducing the levels of oxygen reactive species. 相似文献
13.
Bertuccio C Veron D Aggarwal PK Holzman L Tufro A 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(46):39933-39944
The transmembrane protein nephrin is an essential component of slit diaphragms, the specialized cell junctions that link podocyte foot processes. Podocytes are epithelial cells that surround the glomerular capillaries in the kidney and are necessary for the organ-filtering function. Nephrin signaling complex transduces extracellular cues to the podocyte cytoskeleton and regulates podocyte shape and function. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a required growth factor produced and secreted by podocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests a cross-talk between VEGF-A and nephrin signaling pathways. We previously showed that in vivo nephrin associates with VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2), the signaling receptor for VEGF-A. In the present work, we characterized the interaction between nephrin and VEGFR2 in cultured cells and in vitro. We demonstrate that nephrin-VEGFR2 interaction is direct using mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, GST-binding assays, and blot overlay experiments. This interaction occurs through VEGFR2 and nephrin cytoplasmic domains. Nephrin-VEGFR2 interaction is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of both cytoplasmic domains. Furthermore, the nephrin-VEGFR2 complex involves Nck and actin. VEGF-A signaling via this complex results in decreased cell size. We provide evidence that this multiprotein interaction occurs in cultured podocytes. We propose that the nephrin-VEGFR2 complex acts as a key mediator to transduce local VEGF-A signals to the podocyte actin cytoskeleton, regulating the foot process structure and glomerular filter integrity. 相似文献
14.
Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae was immobilized in alginate, κ-carrageenan, agarose, agar, polyacrylamide and loofah (Luffa cylindrica) sponge (as such or coated with alginate/starch/Emerson YpSs agar), and used for the production of glucoamylase in submerged
fermentation. The mycelium developed from alginate-immobilized sporangiospores secreted higher glucoamylase titres (22.7 U ml−1) than those immobilized in other gel matrices and the freely growing mycelial pellets (18.5 U ml−1). Loofah network provided a good support for mycelial growth, but the enzyme production was lower than that attained with
alginate beads. Glucoamylase production increased with inoculum density and the optimum levels were achieved when 40 calcium
alginate beads (∼5 × 106 immobilized spores) were used to inoculate 50 ml production medium. The alginate bead inoculum displayed high storage stability
at 4°C and produced comparable enzyme titres up to 120 days. The glucoamylase production by hyphae emerged from the immobilized
sporangiospores was almost stable over eight batches of repeated fermentation. Scanning electron micrographs of alginate beads,
after batch fermentation, revealed extensive mycelial growth inside and around the beads. 相似文献
15.
Sayanika D. Waikhom Bengyella Louis Pranab Roy Wakambam Mohendro Singh Pardeep K. Bharwaj Narayan C. Talukdar 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2014,300(6):1261-1268
Since the introduction of the new genus Sinocalamus in 1940 which is now dissociated into Bambusa and Dendrocalamus, molecular markers have long been unable to discern members of the Bambusa–Dendrocalamus complex. Rapid concerted evolution governed by high level of transition/transversion at the noncoding DNA regions has limited the ability of internal transcribed spacer (rDNA) and trnL-F intergenic spacer to resolve Bambusa and Dendrocalamus in phylogenetic analysis. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of Bambusa vulgaris and Dendrocalamus manipureanus pollen development, we provided the evidence that there exists genus specificity in the development and structure of woody bamboo pollen which can serve as a benchmark for allocated new species into the genus Bambusa and Dendrocalamus substantiating molecular data. 相似文献
16.
Sajjad Rafiq Margaret L. Russell Richard Webby Kevin Fonseca Marek Smieja Pardeep Singh Mark Loeb 《PloS one》2012,7(12)
Background
To evaluate if, among children aged 3 to 15 years, influenza vaccination for multiple seasons affects the proportion sero-protected.Methodology/Principal Findings
Participants were 131 healthy children aged 3–15 years. Participants were vaccinated with trivalent inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine (TIV) over the 2005–06, 2006–07 and 2007–8 seasons. Number of seasons vaccinated were categorized as one (2007–08); two (2007–08 and 2006–07 or 2007–08 and 2005–06) or three (2005–06, 2006–07, and 2007–08). Pre- and post-vaccination sera were collected four weeks apart. Antibody titres were determined by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay using antigens to A/Solomon Islands/03/06 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/05 (H3N2) and B/Malaysia/2506/04. The proportions sero-protected were compared by number of seasons vaccinated using cut-points for seroprotection of 1∶40 vs. 1∶320. The proportions of children sero-protected against H1N1 and H3N2 was high (>85%) regardless of number of seasons vaccinated and regardless of cut-point for seroprotection. For B Malaysia there was no change in proportions sero-protected by number of seasons vaccinated; however the proportions protected were lower than for H1N1 and H3N2, and there was a lower proportion sero-protected when the higher, compared to lower, cut-point was used for sero-protection.Conclusion/Significance
The proportion of children sero-protected is not affected by number of seasons vaccinated. 相似文献17.
Using rapid amplification of cDNA ends, a full length cDNA (CjLTI) was cloned from apical buds of Caragana jubata, a plant species that grows under extreme cold. The cDNA obtained was 573 bp long consisting of an open reading frame of
351 bp encoding 116 amino acids. Homology analysis did not exhibit significant similarity with any sequence at NCBI database,
therefore it was deduced as a novel gene. Secondary structure analysis suggested that the deduced CjLTI contained 25.86% α-helices,
4.31% β-turns, 6.90% extended strands, and 62.93% random coils. The hydropathy profile suggested CjLTI to be a hydrophobic
protein having characteristic features of signal peptides at N-terminus. The gene exhibited down-regulation at 5 min of exposure
to low temperature (LT, 4 ± 3°C) followed by a strong up-regulation after 15 min and onwards. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) lead to
up-regulation of CjLTI starting at 5 min onwards. The gene exhibited up- and down-regulation of expression pattern in response to abscisic acid
(ABA) and salicylic acid (SA). Mild drought stress slightly up-regulated gene expression and at severe drought (up to 115%
reduction in leaf water potential) slight down-regulation of gene expression was observed. These results suggested CjLTI to be a LT responsive gene wherein MJ, ABA and SA pathways might be involved in regulating the gene expression. 相似文献
18.
Ying-Zheng Zhao Lu Zhang Pardeep K. Gupta Fu-Rong Tian Kai-Li Mao Kai-Yan Qiu Wei Yang Chuan-Zhu Lv Cui-Tao Lu 《AAPS PharmSciTech》2016,17(6):1376-1382
A critical issue for alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) therapeutics is the lack of a highly efficient delivery system. In this study, a Puerarin-propylene glycol-liposome system was prepared for the purpose of targeting puerarin, an isoflavon, to the liver. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed the liposomes to be spherical in shape with an average diameter of 182 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.239. The zeta potential of the particles was about ?30 mV. The entrapment efficiency of puerarin was above 90%. MTT-based assay in HpeG2 cells showed no significant cytotoxicity in the presence of up to 25% concentration of the system containing 3% puerarin. In vivo performance of this system was studied in mice. Pharmacokinetics and distribution of puerarin-PG-liposome system was studied relative to puerarin solution at the same dose levels. The results show that puerarin-PG-liposome prolonged drug retention time and decreased elimination of puerarin in mice (AUC of liposome system and solution was 9.5 and 4.0 mg h L?1, respectively). Furthermore, propylene glycol (PG)-liposome system enhanced puerarin distribution into liver and spleen, while decreasing puerarin distribution in other tissues. Overall, the puerarin-PG-liposome system showed enhanced therapeutic effect in mice with ALD. 相似文献
19.
This study was designed to examine the protective potential of zinc on the histoarchitecture distortion induced by nickel
in rats. Male Sprauge Dawley (S.D) rats received either nickel alone in the form NiSO4·6H2O at a dose of 800 mg/l in drinking water, zinc alone in the form of ZnSO4·7H2O at a dose of 227 mg/l in drinking water, or nickel plus zinc or drinking water alone for a total duration of eight weeks.
The effects of different treatments were studied on rat liver histoarchitecture by using both light and transmission electron
microscopes. Normal control and zinc treated animals revealed normal histology of liver, however, nickel treated animals resulted
in drastic alterations of normal hepatic histoarchitecture, after 8 weeks of treatment. Administration of zinc to nickel treated
rats resulted in marked improvement in the structure of hepatocytes, thus emphasizing the protective potential of zinc in
restoring the altered hepatic histoarchitecture close to the histoarchitecture of normal animals. 相似文献
20.
Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj Paramvir Singh Ahuja Sanjay Kumar 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(2):1003-1010
Caragana [Caragana jubata (Pall.) Poir] is a temperate plant that thrives well under extremes of cold in high altitude of Himalaya and hence the plant
is expected to be a source of genes that might play an important role in tolerance to low temperature (LT). In order to identify
LT inducible gene(s), differential display of mRNA (DD) was performed using the apical buds growing under snow as well as
growing in the near vicinity without snow, and a LT inducible QM gene (CjQM) homologue was identified. Realizing the importance of QM gene (which encodes human Wilms’ tumor suppressor QM protein) in aggregation of 40 and 60S ribosomal subunit and that not
much has been reported on this gene in plant systems in relation to its relationship with LT, full length cDNA of CjQM was cloned through rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The gene (977 bp), encoded by small gene family, had an open reading
frame of 651 bp and was found to be intronless. The gene exhibited up-regulation within 20 min of exposure to LT and abscisic
acid (ABA), but no significant change in gene expression was observed in response to drought stress (DS), salicylic acid (SA)
and methyl jasmonate (MJ) application. Up-regulation of CjQM was obtained in the tissues growing in situ under snow. Non-responsiveness of CjQM towards DS, SA and MJ, but up-regulation in response to LT and ABA suggested a specific regulation of the gene in Caragana
under varied cues. 相似文献