盐度对大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na -K -ATPase活力、血清离子浓度 和激素水平的影响

采用饲养试验方法,研究了平均体质量为(7.16±0.07)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼分别在盐度12、18、24、30和36下饲养60 d后,其鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清离子浓度、生长激素(GH)、皮质醇激素(COR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FCE)的变化。结果表明:幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度均随盐度的升高而上升,分别在3.48~8.30 U/mg和169.99~180.00 mmol/L之间,其中12盐度组最低,36盐度组最高。幼鱼血清中K+和Cl-浓度分别在2.20~3.47 mmol/L和136.67~142.00 mmol/L之间,各盐度组之间差异不显著。幼鱼血清中GH和COR浓度分别在0.41~1.66 ng/ml和35.33~76.41 ng/ml之间;其中GH在36盐度组最高,12盐度组最低,而COR在12盐度组最高,36盐度组最低。幼鱼SGR和FCE分别在(1.45~2.00)%/d和1.12%~1.38%之间,与盐度的相关性不显著,两者均为12盐度组最低。由此可见,盐度变化显著影响大菱鲆幼鱼鳃Na+-K+-ATPase活力、血清Na+浓度和激素含量。本研究对大菱鲆养殖生理生态条件分析具有重要参考意义,研究结果可为大菱鲆养殖的盐度选择提供理论依据。     

饲料中添加外源酶对大黄鱼和鲈氮磷排泄的影响

本研究以大黄鱼和鲈为实验对象,探讨饲料中添加植酸酶(PY)和非淀粉性多糖酶(WX和VP)对其氨氮和可溶性磷(PO3-4-P)排泄的影响.以含植物蛋白的饲料为基础饲料,分别向每千克饲料中添加200mg植酸酶(酶的活性为2500IU/g)、 800mg WX(主要包括葡聚糖酶、戊聚糖酶和纤维素酶,各种酶的活性皆为50IU/g)、 400mg VP(主要为木聚糖酶,酶的活性为1000IU/g)以及800mg WX 400mg VP配制出5种实验饲料.实验鱼在海水网箱中经过8周的摄食驯养后,转入室内水族箱中进行氮磷排泄测定实验.在水族箱中经2天的适应后,测定饥饿状态下氨氮及可溶性磷的排泄率.然后饱食投喂,并连续测定摄食后48h内鱼体氨氮和可溶性磷的排泄率.实验期间水温为26.5-32.5℃,盐度为32.5‰-36‰,溶氧在7 mg/L以上.实验结果表明,饥饿状态下实验鱼的氨氮和可溶性磷排泄不受实验饲料影响(p>0.05).而在饱食条件下,实验饲料中添加非淀粉性多糖酶(WX、VP及WX VP)显著降低了实验鱼的氨氮排泄率(p<0.05),而添加植酸酶组实验鱼的氨氮排泄率与对照组差异不显著.饲料处理对实验鱼可溶性磷的排泄率的影响不显著(p>0.05),但添加植酸酶组实验鱼的可溶性磷排泄率有增加的趋势.     

灰胸竹鸡消化系统形态解剖初探

观察和测定了13只灰胸竹鸡消化系统的解剖参数,结果表明:雌性和雄性体重分别为227.39 g和216.79 g,体长分别为237.22 mm和230.00 mm;腺胃粘膜表面具有40～50枚圆形乳头,肌胃较发达;雌性和雄性的食道分别长约93.96 mm和99.75 mm,肠道总长分别为683.83 mm和672.95 mm,肝脏分别重4.87 g和5.20 g,胰脏分别重0.38 g和0.45 g.此研究为进行竹鸡的人工驯养和生物学研究提供解剖学资料.     

分子伴侣GroE系统能量传递机制的研究

用SwissPDBViewer软件对分子伴侣GroE系统与底物的相互作用进行了模拟 ,结果表明 :GroEL顶端结构域在GroES和靶蛋白结合之后发生了明显的变化 ;GroEL的cis环上有与三磷酸腺苷ATP相结合的位点 ,ATP水解之后形成的ADP与活性中心的残基相结合 ,而这种结合除导致残基Thr30的构型发生了变化之外 ,其它残基的空间位置和构型基本保持不变 ,暗示其它残基在能量传递过程中形成了刚性骨架 ,而与ADP分子磷酸键结合的残基Thr30则是能量传递的力点。     

Toxoplasma gondii: Reproductive parameters in experimentally infected male rats

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects man and animals. With the aim of studying the influence of toxoplasmosis on male reproductive parameters, we investigated sperm motility, concentration and morphology of male rats experimentally infected by T. gondii. The GT F1 strain of T. gondii tissue cysts were fed at a dose of 5 × 10³ tissue cysts per rat by oral gavage in an experimental group of 42 healthy adult male Wistar rats, while 42 male rats were used as controls. On days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 post-inoculation (p.i.) 7 rats from each group were anesthetized. The body weight of each animal was recorded, then epididymis and testes were immediately removed, weighed and semen evaluation was undertaken. Weight of the right epididymis was significantly decreased on day 30 p.i., sperm motility was significantly decreased on days 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 p.i. and sperm concentration was significantly decreased on days 10, 30, 40 and 60 p.i. A marked increase of sperm abnormalities was noticed on days 30 and 40 p.i. No pathological lesions were detected either in the pituitary gland or the testes. In this study it was found that toxoplasmosis can affect main reproductive parameters in male rats, which are the most predictive of their fertilizing capacity.     

Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study

Background

Fractures have largely been assessed by their impact on quality of life or health care costs. We conducted this study to evaluate the relation between fractures and mortality.

Methods

A total of 7753 randomly selected people (2187 men and 5566 women) aged 50 years and older from across Canada participated in a 5-year observational cohort study. Incident fractures were identified on the basis of validated self-report and were classified by type (vertebral, pelvic, forearm or wrist, rib, hip and “other”). We subdivided fracture groups by the year in which the fracture occurred during follow-up; those occurring in the fourth and fifth years were grouped together. We examined the relation between the time of the incident fracture and death.

Results

Compared with participants who had no fracture during follow-up, those who had a vertebral fracture in the second year were at increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–6.6); also at risk were those who had a hip fracture during the first year (adjusted HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4–7.4). Among women, the risk of death was increased for those with a vertebral fracture during the first year (adjusted HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–12.8) or the second year of follow-up (adjusted HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.1). The risk of death was also increased among women with hip fracture during the first year of follow-up (adjusted HR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0–8.7).

Interpretation

Vertebral and hip fractures are associated with an increased risk of death. Interventions that reduce the incidence of these fractures need to be implemented to improve survival.Osteoporosis-related fractures are a major health concern, affecting a growing number of individuals worldwide. The burden of fracture has largely been assessed by the impact on health-related quality of life and health care costs.^1,2 Fractures can also be associated with death. However, trials that have examined the relation between fractures and mortality have had limitations that may influence their results and the generalizability of the studies, including small samples,^3,4 the examination of only 1 type of fracture,^4–10 the inclusion of only women,^8,11 the enrolment of participants from specific areas (i.e., hospitals or certain geographic regions),^{3,4,7,8,10,12} the nonrandom selection of participants^3–11 and the lack of statistical adjustment for confounding factors that may influence mortality.^3,5–7,12We evaluated the relation between incident fractures and mortality over a 5-year period in a cohort of men and women 50 years of age and older. In addition, we examined whether other characteristics of participants were risk factors for death.     

瓜实蝇的有效积温及其在中国的年发生代数预测

瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett是世界上重要的检疫性害虫,通过在14、18、22、26、30、34℃温度下孵化和饲养实验,测定该虫卵、幼虫、蛹、产卵前期、世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别是8．0982℃、4．5245℃、4．5245℃、7．4751℃、10．0019℃和28．8506、162．7462、145．7249、166．5126、503．8343日度。根据该虫的致死温度和有效积温模型,运用数学分析和地理信息系统技术,预测了瓜实蝇在中国的适生区和年发生代数,结果表明：该虫可在中国48．96％地区发生（气象站点所代表的地区）,1年发生2-12代,以4～6代为主。     

危重病多发神经病与危重病肌病的研究进展

危重病多发神经病(CIP)与危重病肌病(CIM)是重症监护病房(ICU)中患者重要的并发症,是机械通气病人撤机困难的主要原因之一.但由于其诊断困难,一定程度上阻碍了对CIP和CIM的研究,使之成为临床上棘手的问题.随着电生理学的进展,其发病机理得到了初步认识.本文围绕CIP和CIMD的发病机制、临床表现和鉴别诊断作一综述.     

雪莲PBP基因表达载体的构建

目的:利用新疆雪莲特殊功能基因磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白基因(XLPBP)与基础质粒构建植物表达载体pXLPBP,为介导该基因在植物中表达,以期提高植物抗寒力的转基因研究打下基础。方法:利用设计好的两端加有EcoRⅠ酶切位点的引物,对XLPBP全长基因片段进行PCR扩增,获得700bp左右大小的片段,将其纯化回收并与同样经过EcoRⅠ酶切的质粒pCAMBIA3301连接;然后采用冻融法和电击法,将含XLPBP基因的载体pCAMBIA3301转入根癌农杆菌中。结果:通过一系列分子克隆方法获得含雪莲XLPBP基因的植物表达载体,并经PCR实验证实。结论:利用以自身携带的非编码区为调控序列的XLPBP全长基因和双向表达载体pCAMBIA3301为基础构建植物表达载体,可望提高外源基因表达量。     

浸泡条件下孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿在斑点叉尾 组织中分布及消除规律研究

以7 mg/L的孔雀石绿浸泡斑点叉尾 苗种5min后将其饲养于池塘的网箱中, 研究了在养殖模式下孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿在斑点叉尾 苗种各组织中的分布及消除规律。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿在斑点叉尾 血液、肌肉、皮肤、肝脏、肾脏组织中的浓度水平。采用药代动力学分析软件3p97对血药浓度时间数据进行分析。结果表明, 孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿血药浓度时间曲线符合有吸收二室模型, 动力学方程分别为: C孔雀石绿 =683.063 e-0.248 t+ 11.176 e-0.006 t- 694.239e-0.333 t, C隐色孔雀石绿 =757.240 e-0.222 t + 14.474 e-0.007 t 771.714 e-0.382 t。血液中孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿达峰时间Tpeak分别为3.480和3.623h, 峰浓度值Cmax分别为81.560和159.619 ng/mL, 表观分布容积Vd/F分别为37.689和21.125 L/kg, 分布相的一级速率常数分别为0.248和0.222/h, 消除相的一级速率常数分别为 0.006和0.007/h, 吸收半衰期T(1/2) 分别为2.794和3.124h, 消除半衰期T(1/2)分别为113.068和105.841h, 中央室向周边室转运的一级速率常数K12分别为0.020和0.015/h, 周边室向中央室转运的一级速率常数K21分别为0.159和0.121/h, 药-时曲线下面积AUC分别为2493.944和3601.863 ngh/mL。肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏组织中孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿浓度水平的结果表明, 孔雀石绿在斑点叉尾 4种组织中浓度由高到低的顺序是皮肤肌肉肾脏肝脏, 其中斑点叉尾 皮肤组织易蓄积孔雀石绿, 其残留时间最长, 肝脏组织由于对孔雀石绿有极强的代谢转化功能而浓度较低。孔雀石绿在肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏组织中的消除方程分别为C=5.570 e-0.009t、C=6.302 e-0.007t、C=4.791 e-0.006t和C=4.591 e-0.002t, 相关系数r20.773, 消除半衰期T1/2肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏分别为3.2、4.1、4.8和14.4d。肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏组织中孔雀石绿分别在45、60、30和60d才未被检测到; 隐色孔雀石绿在斑点叉尾 4种组织中浓度由高到低的顺序是肝脏皮肤肌肉肾脏, 残留时间最长的组织也是皮肤组织。隐色孔雀石绿在肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏组织中的消除方程分别为C=6.491 e-0.004t、C=6.958 e-0.003t、C=6.722 e-0.007t和C=6.162 e-0.002t, 相关系数r20.673, 消除半衰期T1/2肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏分别为7.2、9.6、4.1和14.4d。肌肉、皮肤、肝脏和肾脏组织中隐色孔雀石绿分别在90、90、60和90d才未被检出。试验期间(2011年5月17日至7月15日)平均水温为26.4℃, 孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿90d后在各组织中才未检测到, 因此, 使用7 mg/L孔雀石绿浸泡2龄斑点叉尾 苗种孔雀石绿及其代谢物隐色孔雀石绿至少应经过2376℃d后才能消除。