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31.
Etiolated maize leaves (Zea mays L.) contain a major isozyme of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (L-malate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating, EC 1.1.1.40) having an isoelectric point of 5.28±0.03, a Km (L-malate) 0.3–0.6 mM at pH 7.45; a broad pH optimum around pH 6.9 under the conditions of assay; a molecular weight of 280,000 (sometimes accompanied by a minor component of 150,000); and an NAD-dependent activity about 1/50 the NADP-dependent activity. This isozyme, resembling the NADP-malic enzyme of vertebrates, is labeled type 1. The dominant isozyme of young green leaves (type 2) has, however, a pI 4.90±0.03, a Km (L-malate) 0.10–0.15 mM, a pH optimum of 8, and a molecular weight of 280,000. It is also more stable and exhibits an appreciable NAD-dependent activity (1/5–1/7 the NADP activity). Both isozymes show linear kinetics, dependence on Mn or Mg ions, similar Km (NADP+), and the typical increase of Km for L-malate with increasing pH values. Type 1 isozyme of maize is assumed to be cytosolic. Type 2 corresponds in each property to the chloroplast enzyme of bundle-sheath cells. It is present at a low level in etiolated leaves and develops to a high specific activity (up to 100 nmol min-1 mg protein-1 by 150 h illumination) during photosynthetic differentiation, replacing the type 1 form.Abbreviation MES
2 (N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid
Work supported by grants from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche for years 1975 and 1976 相似文献
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Lucia Cenacchi Manuela Busch Philipp G. Schleidt Florian G. Müller Tina V.M. Stumpp Werner Mäntele Paolo Trost C. Roy D. Lancaster 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2012,1818(3):679-688
Cytochrome (cyt) b561 proteins are dihaem-containing membrane proteins, belonging to the CYBASC (cytochrome-b561-ascorbate-reducible) family, and are proposed to be involved in ascorbate recycling and/or the facilitation of iron absorption. Here, we present the heterologous production of two cyt b561 paralogs from Arabidopsis thaliana (Acytb561-A, Acytb561-B) in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris, their purification, and initial characterisation. Spectra indicated that Acytb561-A resembles the best characterised member of the CYBASC family, the cytochrome b561 from adrenomedullary chromaffin vesicles, and that Acytb561-B is atypical compared to other CYBASC proteins. Haem oxidation–reduction midpoint potential (EM) values were found to be fully consistent with ascorbate oxidation activities and Fe3 +-chelates reductase activities. The ascorbate dependent reduction and protein stability of both paralogs were found to be sensitive to alkaline pH values as reported for the cytochrome b561 from chromaffin vesicles. For both paralogs, ascorbate-dependent reduction was inhibited and the low-potential haem EM values were affected significantly by incubation with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) in the absence of ascorbate. Modification with DEPC in the presence of ascorbate left the haem EM values unaltered compared to the unmodified proteins. However, ascorbate reduction was inhibited. We concluded that the ascorbate-binding site is located near the low-potential haem with the Fe3 +-chelates reduction-site close to the high-potential haem. Furthermore, inhibition of ascorbate oxidation by DEPC treatment occurs not only by lowering the haem EM values but also by an additional modification affecting ascorbate binding and/or electron transfer. Analytical gel filtration experiments suggest that both cyt b561 paralogs exist as homodimers. 相似文献
34.
M Morissette D Lévesque A Bélanger T Di Paolo 《Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology》1990,68(12):1520-1526
The acute effect of estradiol and progesterone on dopamine and serotonin metabolism in rat striatum was studied. One subcutaneous injection of 17 beta-estradiol (300 ng) and progesterone (150 micrograms) into intact male rats increased plasma levels of these steroids, while testosterone, corticosterone, and estrone remained unchanged. Dehydroepiandrosterone, androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol and dihydrotestosterone remained undetectably low. Prolactin decreased and androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, and 17-OH progesterone increased, but less than estradiol and progesterone. Peak levels of striatal dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid were observed 15-45 min after steroid injection with a return to control values after 45-60 min, while serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels were slightly decreased. An injection of estradiol (70 ng) with progesterone (70 micrograms) to ovariectomized female rats left plasma prolactin levels unchanged, while striatum dopamine and serotonin as well as their metabolite concentrations peaked 15-60 min after steroid injection and returned to control values after 45-75 min. To allow for a better comparison of the action of these steroids, the effect of estradiol or progesterone alone and in combination on the brain of ovariectomized rats was compared in the same experiment. A similar increase in metabolites of dopamine levels was observed after these steroids alone or in combination, while dopamine levels were increased only after progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol. An injection of estradiol or progesterone to ovariectomized rats led to peak steroid concentrations at approximately the same time in the brain and plasma. In addition, plasma and brain steroid levels were significantly correlated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Dolashki A Velkova L Atanasov B Voelter W Stevanovic S Schwarz H Di Muro P Dolashka-Angelova P 《Biochimica et biophysica acta》2008,1784(11):1617-1624
We have studied the stability and reassociation behaviour of native molecules of Rapana venosa hemocyanin and its two subunits, termed RvH1 and RvH2. In the presence of different concentrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions and pH values, the subunits differ not only in their reassociation behaviour, but also in their formation of helical tubules and multidecamers. RvH1 revealed a greater stability at higher pH values compared to RvH2. Overall, the stability of reassociated RvH and its structural subunits was found to be pH-dependent. The increasing stability of native Hc and its subunits, shown by pH-induced CD transitions (acid and alkaline denaturation), can be explained with the formation of quaternary structure. The absence of a Cotton effect at temperatures 20-40 degrees C in the pH-transition curves of RvH2 indicates that this subunit is stabilized by additional "factors", e.g.: non-ionic/hydrophobic stabilization and interactions of carbohydrate moieties. A similar behaviour was observed for the T-transition curves in a wide pH interval for RvH and its structural subunits. At higher temperatures, many of the secondary structural elements are preserved especially at neutral pH, even at extreme high temperatures above 90 degrees C the protein structures resemble a "globule state". 相似文献
38.
Antonio Cabrera Umesh R. Rosyara Paolo De Franceschi Audrey Sebolt Suneth S. Sooriyapathirana Elisabeth Dirlewanger Jose Quero-Garcia Mirko Schuster Amy F. Iezzoni Esther van der Knaap 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2012,8(2):237-247
The Rosaceae Conserved Orthologous Set (RosCOS) provides a gene-based genome-wide set of markers that have been used in comparative
analyses of peach (Prunus persica), apple (Malus × domestica), and strawberry (Fragaria spp.). In order to extend the use of these RosCOS to sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), we identified markers that are polymorphic in breeding germplasm. Ninety-five percent (595/627) of previously designed
RosCOS primer pairs amplified a product in six sweet cherry cultivars predicted to represent the range of genetic diversity
in breeding germplasm. A total of 45% (282/627) RosCOS were polymorphic among the six cultivars, and allele number ranged
from 2 to 6, with a genome-wide mean of 2.35. A subset of 92 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding
to 76 RosCOS was analyzed in 36 founder accessions and progeny. The expected and observed heterozygosity suggested that 83%
of the RosCOS were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, implying that most RosCOS behave as neutral markers. Principal coordinate
analysis (PCO) identified one wild accession and two Spanish landraces that clustered differently from the other accessions.
The relatively high number of unique alleles found in the three differentially clustered selections suggested that their use
as parents has potential to increase the genetic diversity in future US-bred cultivars. Of the 92 RosCOS SNPs, 81 SNPs that
represented 68 genome-wide RosCOS segregated in four mapping populations. These RosCOS were mapped in four F1 populations, thereby greatly improving the genetic linkage map of sweet cherry. 相似文献
39.
Chiara V. Segré Silvia Senese Sara Loponte Stefano Santaguida Paolo Soffientini Gabriela Grigorean 《MABS-AUSTIN》2016,8(1):37-42
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are modification enzymes that regulate a plethora of biological processes. HDAC1, a crucial epigenetic modifier, is deregulated in cancer and subjected to a variety of post-translational modifications. Here, we describe the generation of a new monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes a novel highly dynamic prophase phosphorylation of serine 406-HDAC1, providing a powerful tool for detecting early mitotic cells. 相似文献
40.
Bernardinelli L Murgia SB Bitti PP Foco L Ferrai R Musu L Prokopenko I Pastorino R Saddi V Ticca A Piras ML Cox DR Berzuini C 《PloS one》2007,2(5):e480
Multiple genome screens have been performed to identify regions in linkage or association with Multiple Sclerosis (MS, OMIM 126200), but little overlap has been found among them. This may be, in part, due to a low statistical power to detect small genetic effects and to genetic heterogeneity within and among the studied populations. Motivated by these considerations, we studied a very special population, namely that of Nuoro, Sardinia, Italy. This is an isolated, old, and genetically homogeneous population with high prevalence of MS. Our study sample includes both nuclear families and unrelated cases and controls. A multi-stage study design was adopted. In the first stage, microsatellites were typed in the 17q11.2 region, previously independently found to be in linkage with MS. One significant association was found at microsatellite D17S798. Next, a bioinformatic screening of the region surrounding this marker highlighted an interesting candidate MS susceptibility gene: the Amiloride-sensitive Cation Channel Neuronal 1 (ACCN1) gene. In the second stage of the study, we resequenced the exons and the 3' untranslated (UTR) region of ACCN1, and investigated the MS association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in that region. For this purpose, we developed a method of analysis where complete, phase-solved, posterior-weighted haplotype assignments are imputed for each study individual from incomplete, multi-locus, genotyping data. The imputed assignments provide an input to a number of proposed procedures for testing association at a microsatellite level or of a sequence of SNPs. These include a Mantel-Haenszel type test based on expected frequencies of pseudocase/pseudocontrol haplotypes, as well as permutation based tests, including a combination of permutation and weighted logistic regression analysis. Application of these methods allowed us to find a significant association between MS and the SNP rs28936 located in the 3' UTR segment of ACCN1 with p = 0.0004 (p = 0.002, after adjusting for multiple testing). This result is in tune with several recent experimental findings which suggest that ACCN1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. 相似文献