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941.
Serpin A1 and the modulation of type I collagen turnover: Effect of the C‐terminal peptide 409–418 (SA1‐III) in human dermal fibroblasts 下载免费PDF全文
942.
Roberto Mattioli Marco Biancucci Amira El Shall Luciana Mosca Paolo Costantino Dietmar Funck Maurizio Trovato 《BMC plant biology》2018,18(1):356
Background
In many plants, the amino acid proline is strongly accumulated in pollen and disruption of proline synthesis caused abortion of microspore development in Arabidopsis. So far, it was unclear whether local biosynthesis or transport of proline determines the success of fertile pollen development.Results
We analyzed the expression pattern of the proline biosynthetic genes PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHETASE 1 & 2 (P5CS1 & 2) in Arabidopsis anthers and both isoforms were strongly expressed in developing microspores and pollen grains but only inconsistently in surrounding sporophytic tissues. We introduced in a p5cs1/p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 mutant background an additional copy of P5CS2 under the control of the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, the tapetum-specific LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 12 (Ltp12) promoter or the pollen-specific At5g17340 promoter to determine in which site proline biosynthesis can restore the fertility of proline-deficient microspores. The specificity of these promoters was confirmed by β-glucuronidase (GUS) analysis, and by direct proline measurement in pollen grains and stage-9/10 anthers. Expression of P5CS2 under control of the At5g17340 promoter fully rescued proline content and normal morphology and fertility of mutant pollen. In contrast, expression of P5CS2 driven by either the Ltp12 or CaMV35S promoter caused only partial restoration of pollen development with little effect on pollen fertility.Conclusions
Overall, our results indicate that proline transport is not able to fulfill the demand of the cells of the male germ line. Pollen development and fertility depend on local proline biosynthesis during late stages of microspore development and in mature pollen grains.943.
Altered modulation of lamin A/C‐HDAC2 interaction and p21 expression during oxidative stress response in HGPS 下载免费PDF全文
Elisabetta Mattioli Davide Andrenacci Cecilia Garofalo Sabino Prencipe Katia Scotlandi Daniel Remondini Davide Gentilini Anna Maria Di Blasio Sergio Valente Emanuela Scarano Lucia Cicchilitti Giulia Piaggio Antonello Mai Giovanna Lattanzi 《Aging cell》2018,17(5)
Defects in stress response are main determinants of cellular senescence and organism aging. In fibroblasts from patients affected by Hutchinson–Gilford progeria, a severe LMNA‐linked syndrome associated with bone resorption, cardiovascular disorders, and premature aging, we found altered modulation of CDKN1A, encoding p21, upon oxidative stress induction, and accumulation of senescence markers during stress recovery. In this context, we unraveled a dynamic interaction of lamin A/C with HDAC2, an histone deacetylase that regulates CDKN1A expression. In control skin fibroblasts, lamin A/C is part of a protein complex including HDAC2 and its histone substrates; protein interaction is reduced at the onset of DNA damage response and recovered after completion of DNA repair. This interplay parallels modulation of p21 expression and global histone acetylation, and it is disrupted by LMNAmutations leading to progeroid phenotypes. In fact, HGPS cells show impaired lamin A/C‐HDAC2 interplay and accumulation of p21 upon stress recovery. Collectively, these results link altered physical interaction between lamin A/C and HDAC2 to cellular and organism aging. The lamin A/C‐HDAC2 complex may be a novel therapeutic target to slow down progression of progeria symptoms. 相似文献
944.
945.
Antonio Murgia Christine Hinz Sonia Liggi Jùlìa Denes Zoe Hall James West Maria Laura Santoru Cristina Piras Cristina Manis Paolo Usai Luigi Atzori Julian L. Griffin Pierluigi Caboni 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(10):140
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of pathologies characterised by chronic inflammation of the intestine and an unclear aetiology. Its main manifestations are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Currently, biopsies are the most used diagnostic tests for these diseases and metabolomics could represent a less invasive approach to identify biomarkers of disease presence and progression.Objectives
The lipid and the polar metabolite profile of plasma samples of patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease have been compared with healthy individuals with the aim to find their metabolomic differences. Also, a selected sub-set of samples was analysed following solid phase extraction to further characterise differences between pathological samples.Methods
A total of 200 plasma samples were analysed using drift tube ion mobility coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography for the lipid metabolite profile analysis, while liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry was used for the polar metabolite profile analysis.Results
Variations in the lipid profile between inflammatory bowel disease and healthy individuals were highlighted. Phosphatidylcholines, lyso-phosphatidylcholines and fatty acids were significantly changed among pathological samples suggesting changes in phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. Variations in the levels of cholesteryl esters and glycerophospholipids were also found. Furthermore, a decrease in amino acids levels suggests mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease.Conclusions
Given good statistical results and predictive power of the model produced in our study, metabolomics can be considered as a valid tool to investigate inflammatory bowel disease.946.
Joost Brandsma Victoria M. Goss Xian Yang Per S. Bakke Massimo Caruso Pascal Chanez Sven-Erik Dahlén Stephen J. Fowler Ildiko Horvath Norbert Krug Paolo Montuschi Marek Sanak Thomas Sandström Dominick E. Shaw Kian Fan Chung Florian Singer Louise J. Fleming Ana R. Sousa Ioannis Pandis Aruna T. Bansal Peter J. Sterk Ratko Djukanović Anthony D. Postle The U-BIOPRED Study Group 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(10):123
Background
Lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF)—sampled through sputum induction—is a medium rich in cells, proteins and lipids. However, despite its key role in maintaining lung function, homeostasis and defences, the composition and biology of ELF, especially in respect of lipids, remain incompletely understood.Objectives
To characterise the induced sputum lipidome of healthy adult individuals, and to examine associations between different ELF lipid phenotypes and the demographic characteristics within the study cohort.Methods
Induced sputum samples were obtained from 41 healthy non-smoking adults, and their lipid compositions analysed using a combination of untargeted shotgun and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Topological data analysis (TDA) was used to group subjects with comparable sputum lipidomes in order to identify distinct ELF phenotypes.Results
The induced sputum lipidome was diverse, comprising a range of different molecular classes, including at least 75 glycerophospholipids, 13 sphingolipids, 5 sterol lipids and 12 neutral glycerolipids. TDA identified two distinct phenotypes differentiated by a higher total lipid content and specific enrichments of diacyl-glycerophosphocholines, -inositols and -glycerols in one group, with enrichments of sterols, glycolipids and sphingolipids in the other. Subjects presenting the lipid-rich ELF phenotype also had significantly higher BMI, but did not differ in respect of other demographic characteristics such as age or gender.Conclusions
We provide the first evidence that the ELF lipidome varies significantly between healthy individuals and propose that such differences are related to weight status, highlighting the potential impact of (over)nutrition on lung lipid metabolism.947.
Giulia Mattalia Gabriele Volpato Paolo Corvo Andrea Pieroni 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2018,46(5):747-757
Mobility, nomadic pastoralists’ main adaptive strategy, has been compromised by agricultural expansion and rangeland fragmentation, among other factors, in many pastoral contexts. Among nomads’ coping strategies, is re-shaping mobility in shrinking grazing grounds. Through semi-structured interviews, we examine adaptation and resilience to the effects of increasingly intensive land use and marginalization focusing on Alpine nomadic pastoralists in Piedmont, Northwest Italy. Our results show that Alpine nomads access a wide variety of grazing grounds through a web of social relations with multiple stakeholders, acting in the interstices of mainstream society and navigating marginal contexts: geographically, they use fallow, abandoned, and post-harvest plots; economically and socially, they interact with other marginal groups (e.g., migrants) and are stigmatized by diverse sectors of society. This use of interstitial spaces is in itself a form of adaptation that is taking place in diverse geographical contexts as nomads reconfigure their mobility and social relations to access the scattered pieces of land left unused by industrial, agricultural, and conservation land uses. 相似文献
948.
Sanja Mijatović Alessia Bramanti Ferdinando Nicoletti Paolo Fagone Goran N. Kaluđerović Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić 《Biotechnology advances》2018,36(6):1622-1632
Differentiation of cancer cells entails the reversion of phenotype from malignant to the original. The conversion to cell type characteristic for another tissue is named transdifferentiation. Differentiation/transdifferentiation of malignant cells in high grade tumor mass could serve as a nonaggressive approach that potentially limits tumor progression and augments chemosensitivity. While this therapeutic strategy is already being used for treatment of hematological cancers, its feasibility for solid malignancies is still debated. We will presently discuss the natural compounds that show these properties, with focus on anthraquinones from Aloe vera, Senna, Rheum sp. and hop derived prenylflavonoids. 相似文献
949.
Eleftheria Polychronidou Ilias Kalamaras Andreas Agathangelidis Lesley-Ann Sutton Xiao-Jie Yan Vasilis Bikos Anna Vardi Konstantinos Mochament Nicholas Chiorazzi Chrysoula Belessi Richard Rosenquist Paolo Ghia Kostas Stamatopoulos Panayiotis Vlamos Anna Chailyan Nanna Overby Paolo Marcatili Anastasia Hatzidimitriou Dimitrios Tzovaras 《BMC bioinformatics》2018,19(14):414
950.