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Aleem Gangjee Nilesh Zaware Ravi Kumar Vyas Devambatla Sudhir Raghavan Cara D. Westbrook Nicholas F. Dybdal-Hargreaves Ernest Hamel Susan L. Mooberry 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(4):891-902
A series of fourteen N4-(substituted phenyl)-N4-alkyl/desalkyl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines was synthesized as potential microtubule targeting agents. The synthesis involved a Fisher indole cyclization of 2-amino-6-hydrazinylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one with cyclohexanone, followed by oxidation, chlorination and displacement with appropriate anilines. Compounds 6, 14 and 15 had low nanomolar potency against MDA-MB-435 tumor cells and depolymerized microtubules. Compound 6 additionally had nanomolar GI50 values against 57 of the NCI 60-tumor panel cell lines. Mechanistic studies showed that 6 inhibited tubulin polymerization and [3H]colchicine binding to tubulin. The most potent compounds were all effective in cells expressing P-glycoprotein or the βIII isotype of tubulin, which have been associated with clinical drug resistance. Modeling studies provided the potential interactions of 6, 14 and 15 within the colchicine site. 相似文献
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Pandurang M. Jadhav Radhakrishnan Sarangapani Vikas D. Ghule Hima Prasanth Raj Kishore Pandey 《Journal of molecular modeling》2013,19(8):3027-3033
1-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitro imidazole (MTNI) is a well-known melt cast explosive possessing good thermal stability and impact insensitivity. MTNI has been synthesized from multi-step nitration followed by methylation of imidazole exhibiting low yield. It is desirable to screen the process thermodynamically for evaluating feasibility of the process. In the present investigations, B3LYP method in combination with 3-21G** basis set has been chosen to evaluate the enthalpy of formation for reaction species by designing reasonable isodesmic reactions. Thermodynamic feasibility of the processes has been worked out assuming free energies of reactions as derived from standard enthalpy and entropy of the reaction species. All possible synthesis routes for the target molecule, MTNI has been conceptualized from different precursors/intermediates viz. imidazole, 2-nitroimidazole, 4-nitroimidazole, 1-methyl imidazole and 2,4,5-triiodoimidazole. Various nitrating agents have been employed and their effect studied for deciding the feasibility of the reaction. It has been found that reaction entropy and enthalpy are favorable on usage of NO2BF4 as nitrating agent. The charge on nitro group (?QNO2) has been used for better understanding of the reactivity of substrates/intermediates. Overall, the study helped in screening several possible routes for MTNI synthesis and identified the thermodynamically feasible process by using NO2BF4 as nitrating agent. 相似文献