全文获取类型
收费全文 | 598篇 |
免费 | 34篇 |
专业分类
632篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 39篇 |
2013年 | 37篇 |
2012年 | 31篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 17篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 24篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 24篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有632条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Chandraditya Chakraborty Sudip Samadder Anirban Roychowdhury Anup Roy Pradip Das Ranajit Kumar Mandal Susanta Roychoudhury Chinmay Kumar Panda 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2018,443(1-2):121-130
In this study, importance of Wnt-β-catenin pathway in the development of uterine cervical carcinoma was evaluated. For this purpose, the profiles (expression/methylation/deletion) of β-catenin, p-β-catenin (Y654), Wnt3a, and APC were studied in disease free normal cervical epithelium (n = 9), adjacent normal cervical epithelium of primary tumors (n = 70), CIN (n = 28), CACX (n = 102) samples, and two CACX cell lines (HeLa and SiHa). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high/medium (74–95%) expression of β-catenin/p-β-catenin (Y654) and Wnt3a and low expression (23–26%) of APC in proliferating basal–parabasal layers contrary to differentiated spinous layer in normal cervix irrespective of HPV16 infection. The expression profile of the genes in the basal–parabasal layers did not change significantly during development of CACX. High (66%) promoter methylation of APC was seen in basal–parabasal layers and the cervical lesions (42–69%), unlike in spinous layers (25%). The promoter methylation status of APC was validated by in vitro demethylation experiments using 5-aza-dC in CACX cell lines. However, additional deletion of APC was significantly increased from CIN (12%) to stage I/II (40%) and became comparable in stage III/IV (48%) of the tumor. Patients with alterations (deletion/methylation) of APC and high/medium expression of Wnt3a/β-catenin/p-β-catenin (Y654) showed significantly poor survival. Thus our data indicate that cumulative effect of Wnt3a overexpression and APC inactivation are needed for overexpression of β-catenin during the development of CACX. 相似文献
32.
Three different morphogenic responses??caulogenesis, direct somatic embryogenesis, and callusing??were noted in cotyledon explants of Semecarpus anacardium L. cultured in woody plant medium (WPM) containing thidiazuron (TDZ). Thidiazuron, at all concentrations tested, induced organogenic as well as embryogenic responses. The organogenic buds differentiated to shoots and the embryogenic mass (EM) gave rise to globular embryos which differentiated up to cotyledon-stage embryos on repeated culture in growth regulator (GR)-free WPM medium containing 0.2% activated charcoal after the removal of TDZ. The organogenic and embryogenic responses were optimal in 9.08???M TDZ after the removal of TDZ. Elongated shoots rooted in half-strength liquid WPM medium with 2.46???M indole butyric acid. Plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to soil. Histological studies confirmed the direct origin of the organogenic buds from the cotyledon explants. The EMs produced somatic embryos on repeated culture in charcoal incorporated GR-free medium. Morphogenic callus formation from the cotyledon explants was also noted. This callus on repeated culture in WPM medium with charcoal differentiated into somatic embryos. Repetitive somatic embryogenesis was evident from direct and indirectly formed primary embryos. The somatic embryos did not convert into plantlets, though sporadic germination of embryos was observed through the emergence of roots. 相似文献
33.
The Arabidopsis early flowering 3 (elf3) mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light, but there is some evidence of clock function in darkness. Here, we show conclusively that normal circadian function occurs with no alteration of period length in elf3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elf3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs normally expressed at different times of day. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in both constant blue and red light; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by using light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and constitutive overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. The phase of ELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. 相似文献
34.
Panda S Martín JP Aguinagalde I 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(6):1122-1128
A population genetic analysis of chloroplast and nuclear DNA was performed covering nine wild populations of Brassica oleracea. Three members of the n = 9 group, all close to B. oleracea, Brassica alboglabra Bailey, Brassica bourgeaui (Webb) O. Kuntze and Brassica montana Pourret, were also studied to better understand their relationship with B. oleracea. Chloroplast DNA was analysed using the PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) method. The ISSR-PCR (inter-simple sequence repeat - polymerase chain reaction) technique was adopted to study nuclear DNA. Twelve primer pairs of chloroplast DNA showed very good amplification. The amplified product of each primer pair, digested by three restriction enzymes, revealed no variation of cpDNA among the taxa studied. This indicates they may have the same chloroplast genotype. Seven selected ISSR primers have detected genetic variation, both within and among the populations/taxa surveyed. The information obtained on the intra- and inter-populational genetic diversity of wild populations of B. oleracea neatly defined the individual plants. It could provide important guidelines for backing management and conservation strategies in this species. The study confirms a close relationship between B. alboglabra, B. bourgeaui and B. montana, which is parallel to their morphological similitude. 相似文献
35.
Arundhati Nanda Sangram Keshori Mohanty Rudraksh Sovan Panda Lambodar Behera Anand Prakash Sarat Chandra Sahu 《Tropical plant biology》2010,3(4):219-226
The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) is a serious pest of wet season rice in South and Southeast Asia. Due to internal feeding habit and presence of biotypes of the pest, the most feasible way to control is breeding varieties resistant against multiple biotypes through marker-assisted breeding (MAB). But very few versatile co-dominant markers linked to the gall midge resistance genes are available. We used a set of F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the cross TN1/PTB10 and identified microsatellite markers for the gall midge resistance gene in cv. PTB10 on short arm of rice chromosome 8. Markers RM22550 and RM547 flank the gene at a distance of 0.9 and 1.9 cM, respectively. Amplification of the markers in gall midge resistant and susceptible cultivars showed that these markers can be successfully used in MAB for development of gall midge resistant varieties. 相似文献
36.
Maria Pratheepa Sushil Kumar Jalali Robinson Silvester Arokiaraj Thiruvengadam Venkatesan Mandadi Nagesh Madhusmita Panda Sharath Pattar 《Bioinformation》2014,10(2):98-100
Insect Barcode Information System called as Insect Barcode Informática (IBIn) is an online database resource developed by the
National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore. This database provides acquisition, storage, analysis and
publication of DNA barcode records of agriculturally important insects, for researchers specifically in India and other countries. It
bridges a gap in bioinformatics by integrating molecular, morphological and distribution details of agriculturally important insects.
IBIn was developed using PHP/My SQL by using relational database management concept. This database is based on the client–
server architecture, where many clients can access data simultaneously. IBIn is freely available on-line and is user-friendly. IBIn
allows the registered users to input new information, search and view information related to DNA barcode of agriculturally
important insects.This paper provides a current status of insect barcode in India and brief introduction about the database IBIn.
Availability
http://www.nabg-nbaii.res.in/barcode 相似文献37.
The genetic algorithm was used effectively to find the optimal values of eight process variables for the maximum laccase production by Daedalea flavida in a stationary culture. The algorithm was modified suitably to improve laccase production with 18 parallel experiments in 4 generations. A high enzyme titer of 65 % was achieved after the optimization and compared to the titer obtained before optimization. To study the effect of the surface immobilized growth on the enzyme production, the fungus was grown on three solid carriers. When cultured on polymer composite fibers, polyurethane foam, or steel wool, at least 2.5 times more biomass was produced, compared to the biomass produced in support-free growth. On the contrary, the mycelia grown on solid support produced much less laccase than non-adhering mycelia. Four parallel runs of batch-fed cultures were done, using the cell mass of D. flavida to evaluate the influence of four different volumes of medium exchanged on laccase production. For sustainable production of the enzyme, complete exchange of medium was favorable, where the laccase activity increased continuously in six consecutive cycles, though, 50 % exchange of medium produced the maximum laccase in terms of mean enzyme activity obtained in six cycles. 相似文献
38.
Anti-cholinesterase hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer’s disease (1998–2018)
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex, progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder of the brain which involves multiple associated etiological targets. The complex pathogenesis of AD gave rise to multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) principle to combat this dreaded disease. Within this approach, the design and synthesis of hybrids prevailed greatly because of their capability to simultaneously target the intertwined pathogenesis components of the disease. The hybrids include pharmacophoric hybridization of two or more established chemical scaffolds endowed with the desired pharmacological properties into a single moiety. In AD, the primary foundation of medication therapy and drug design strategies includes the inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes. Hence the development of ChE inhibition based hybrids is the central choice of AD medicinal chemistry research. To illustrate the progress of ChE inhibition based hybrids and novel targets, we reviewed the medicinal chemistry and pharmacological properties of the multi-target molecules published since 1998-December 2018. We hope that this article will allow the readers to easily follow the evolution of this prominent medicinal chemistry approach to develop a more efficient inhibitor. 相似文献
39.
Cadmium stress-induced oxidative stress and role of nitric oxide in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Piyalee Panda Shwetosmita Nath Th. Thorny Chanu Gauri Dutta Sharma Sanjib Kumar Panda 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(5):1737-1747
Cadmium (Cd) is a potential environmental phytotoxicant. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to Cd stress is responsible for the induction of oxidative stress in plants. On the other hand, SNP, a NO donor is known to have effect on Cd-induced oxidative stress in plants. We evaluated the effect of NO on the regulation of Cd stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety MSE-9. Cd treatment was given in the form of 50, 100 and 200 ??M, whereas for interaction study, 100 ??M of Cd and 100 ??M of SNP were used. The result showed that Cd-induced oxidative stress in MSE-9 by generating ROS. However, when SNP was given with Cd stress, it was seen that SNP treatment regulated the stress metabolism in rice seedlings under Cd toxicity by generating NO. It can be said that the SNP in combination with Cd treatment might possess the way to protect rice seedlings under Cd stress. 相似文献
40.
Kulkarni SD Muralidharan B Panda AC Bakthavachalu B Vindu A Seshadri V 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2011,286(16):14146-14156
Insulin is the key regulator of glucose homeostasis in mammals, and glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis is essential for maintaining glucose levels in a narrow range in mammals. Glucose specifically promotes the translation of insulin in pancreatic β-islet, and the untranslated regions of insulin mRNA play a role in such regulation. Specific factors in the β-islets bind to the insulin 5' UTR and regulate its translation. In the present study we identify protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) as a key regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin biosynthesis. We show that both in vitro and in vivo PDI can specifically associate with the 5' UTR of insulin mRNA. Immunodepletion of PDI from the islet extract results in loss of glucose-stimulated translation indicating a critical role for PDI in insulin biosynthesis. Similarly, transient overexpression of PDI resulted in specific translation activation by glucose. We show that the RNA binding activity of PDI is mediated through PABP. PDI catalyzes the reduction of the PABP disulfide bond resulting in specific binding of PABP to the insulin 5' UTR. We also show that glucose stimulation of the islets results in activation of a specific kinase that can phosphorylate PDI. These findings identify PDI and PABP as important players in glucose homeostasis. 相似文献