滇紫草愈伤组织中的紫草色素

滇紫草(Onosma paniculatum Bur.et Franch)的幼嫩根茎经二步法诱导产生的愈伤组织.含有较原植物较高的紫草色素。经薄层层析鉴定,此种紫草色素由6种单体组成,其 Rf 值与原植物中的紫草色素各类衍生物非常近似。进一步采用硅胶 H 柱层析进行分离,最后得到4种单体。经结构分析证明它们是:去氧紫色素(deoxyshikonin)、β,β-二甲基丙烯酰阿卡宁(β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin)、乙酰阿卡宁(acetylakannin)和β-乙酰氧基异戊酰阿卡宁(β-acetoxyisovalerylalkannin)。     

Thyroxine effects on parameters of glucose turnover in BHE rats fed menhaden oil

The effect of hyperthyroidism on glucose turnover in BHE rats fed menhaden oil was studied. Thyroxine-treated rats had a greater glucose mass, a greater absolute glucose synthesis rate, less hepatic and muscle glycogen levels, and greater hepatic and peripheral fat cell lipogenic rates than nontreated rats. No differences in body weight gain were observed, nor were there differences in blood glucose levels, glucose space, or fractional reversible or irreversible glucose use. These observations suggest that thyroxine and menhaden oil were additive in their effects on glucose metabolism in BHE rats, which are genetically programmed to develop non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.     

Purification and properties of arylmannosidases from mung bean seedlings and soybean cells

Two arylmannosidases (signified as A and B) were purified tohomogeneity from soluble and microsomal fractions of mung beanseedlings. Arylmannosidase A from the microsomes appeared thesame on native gels and on SDS gels as soluble arylmannosidaseA, the same was true for arylmannosidase B. Sedimentation velocitystudies indicated that both enzymes were homogeneous, and thatarylmannosidase A had a molecular mass of 237 kd while B hada molecular mass of 243 kd. Arylmannosidase A showed two majorprotein bands on SDS gels with molecular masses of 60 and 55kd, and minor bands of 79, 39 and 35 kd. All of these bandswere N-linked since they were susceptible to digestion by endo-glucosaminidaseH. In addition, at least the major bands could be detected byWestern blots with antibody raised against the xylose moietyof N-linked plant oligosaccharides, and they could also be labeledin soybean suspension cells with [2–3H]mannose. ArylmannosidaseB showed three major bands with molecular masses of 72, 55 and45 kd, and minor bands of 42 and 39 kd. With the possible exceptionof the 45 and 42 kd bands, all of these bands are glycoproteins.Arylmannosidases A and B showed somewhat different kineticsin terms of mannose release from high-mannose oligosaccharides,but they were equally susceptible to inhibition by swainsonineand mannostatin A. Polyclonal antibody raised against the arylmannosidaseB cross-reacted equally well with arylmannosidase A from mungbean seedlings and with arylmannosidase from soybean cells.However, monoclonal antibody against mung bean arylmannosidaseA was much less effective against arylmannosidase B. Antibodywas used to examine the biosynthesis and structure of the carbohydratechains of arylmannosidase in soybean cells grown in [2–³H]mannose.Treatment of the purified enzyme with Endo H released 50% ofthe radioactivity, and these labeled oligosaccharides were ofthe high-mannose type, i.e. mostly Man9GlcNAc. The precipitatedprotein isolated from the Endo H treatment still contained 50%of the radioactivity, and this was present in modified structuresthat probably contain xylose residues. Mung beans mannosidases glycoproteins -soybean--mannosidases xylose-containing N-linked glycoproteins     

洈水水库鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)生长规律的研究

本文对洈水水库鳡鱼的生长及其利用进行了分析研究,结果表明:1.该种鱼生长快,高速生长时间长,可连续5年每年生长6kg以上;2.雌、雄鱼体长与体重生长分别适合Von.Bertalanffy的生长公式:L=L_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))和W=W_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))~3;3.雌鱼体重生长速度快于雄鱼,体长生长无明显差别;4.建议大中型水体中的鳡鱼与其它鱼类群落体重之比控制在3—5％为宜。     

洈水水库鳡鱼(Elopichthys bambusa)生长规律的研究

本文对洈水水库鳡鱼的生长及其利用进行了分析研究,结果表明:1.该种鱼生长快,高速生长时间长,可连续5年每年生长6kg以上;2.雌、雄鱼体长与体重生长分别适合Von.Bertalanffy的生长公式:L=L_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))和W=W_∞(1-e-k(t-t·))~3;3.雌鱼体重生长速度快于雄鱼,体长生长无明显差别;4.建议大中型水体中的鳡鱼与其它鱼类群落体重之比控制在3—5％为宜。     

盐肤木上四种倍蚜主要生物学特性和预测的研究

本文报道1983—1986年作者在四川省绵竹、成都、夹江、涪陵和南川等县(市)境内,海拔500～1500米范围内,对寄生在盐肤木上的角倍蚜,倍蛋蚜,倍花蚜和红倍花蚜等四种主要倍蚜春迁蚜羽化迁飞期、干母营瘿期、倍子生长进程和瘿内倍蚜的生殖数量与世代数以及干母营瘿的寄主物候等的观察测定结果,并建立预测方程,为引移挂放和适宜采倍期的确定提供科学依据。     

Monoclonal antibodies to three phospholipase C isozymes from bovine brain

Murine hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies against the three bovine isozymes of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) were established: 6, 23, and 12 lines were obtained for PLC-I (150 kDa), PLC-II (145 kDa), and PLC-III (85 kDa), respectively. The antibodies were purified from ascites fluid, and their properties were studied in detail. All the antibodies cross-reacted with their corresponding PLC enzymes, but not with the other two isozymes, suggesting that the three enzymes contain very different antigenic determinants. The six antibodies elicited by bovine PLC-I also cross-reacted with human and rat enzyme, whereas three each from anti-PLC-II antibodies and anti-PLC-III antibodies did not react with the enzymes from different species. Each antibody exerts different effects on the phosphatidylinositol-hydrolyzing activity of PLC. The most inhibitory antibody for either isozyme PLC-I or PLC-II exhibits 80% inhibition, whereas no more than 20% inhibition was observed for the anti-PLC-III antibodies. Purified PLC-I frequently contains catalytically active 140- and 100-kDa forms and an inactive 41-kDa protein in addition to the intact 150-kDa form, probably due to its high sensitivity to an unidentified endogenous protease. The five anti-PLC-I antibodies which bind to the denatured 150-kDa polypeptide also recognized the 140-kDa form, whereas only three cross-reacted with the 100-kDa form, and the remaining two bound to the 41-kDa protein. Competitive binding studies with intact PLC enzymes and Western blot experiments with proteolytic digests revealed that the 6 anti-PLC-I, 23 anti-PLC-II, and 12 anti-PLC-III antibodies bind at least five, six, and seven different epitopes on PLC-I, PLC-II, and PLC-III, respectively. The fact that these monoclonal antibodies bind to different epitopes on the same enzyme allowed one to develop a highly specific and sensitive tandem radioimmunoassay for quantitating PLC-I, PLC-II, and PLC-III. The principle of the assay is that binding of an 125I-labeled antibody to the antigen immobilized by another antibody at a distinctive binding site is proportional to the amount of antigen present. By using this method, PLC-I, PLC-II, and PLC-III could be measured quantitatively in the presence of other proteins, detergents, lipids, polyanions, and metal ions, all of which greatly affect the activity of PLC enzymes.     

限制性内切酶诱发的姊妹染色单体互换

用限制性内切酶PstⅠ,SalⅠ,PvuⅡ和BamHⅠ处理CHO细胞后,发现其SCE率升高,与对照相比,前三种酶具有显著性差异。但这些酶诱导SCE的效应与其致染色体畸变效应相比则较弱,提示引起DNA双链断裂的限制性内切酶不是SCE的强刺激物。实验结果表明,BrdU取代胸苷不能消除限制酶对底物DNA的识别及裂解。     

天名精倍半萜内酯化合物

从菊科天名精全草中分得天名精内酯酮,特勒内酯,11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯。其中11（13）－二氢特勒内酯和异埃瓦内酯为新的天然产物。