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71.
72.
Alessandro Achilli Silvia Bonfiglio Anna Olivieri Arianna Malusà Maria Pala Baharak Hooshiar Kashani Ugo A. Perego Paolo Ajmone-Marsan Luigi Liotta Ornella Semino Hans-Jürgen Bandelt Luca Ferretti Antonio Torroni 《PloS one》2009,4(6)
A Neolithic domestication of taurine cattle in the Fertile Crescent from local aurochsen (Bos primigenius) is generally accepted, but a genetic contribution from European aurochsen has been proposed. Here we performed a survey of a large number of taurine cattle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control regions from numerous European breeds confirming the overall clustering within haplogroups (T1, T2 and T3) of Near Eastern ancestry, but also identifying eight mtDNAs (1.3%) that did not fit in haplogroup T. Sequencing of the entire mitochondrial genome showed that four mtDNAs formed a novel branch (haplogroup R) which, after the deep bifurcation that gave rise to the taurine and zebuine lineages, constitutes the earliest known split in the mtDNA phylogeny of B. primigenius. The remaining four mtDNAs were members of the recently discovered haplogroup Q. Phylogeographic data indicate that R mtDNAs were derived from female European aurochsen, possibly in the Italian Peninsula, and sporadically included in domestic herds. In contrast, the available data suggest that Q mtDNAs and T subclades were involved in the same Neolithic event of domestication in the Near East. Thus, the existence of novel (and rare) taurine haplogroups highlights a multifaceted genetic legacy from distinct B. primigenius populations. Taking into account that the maternally transmitted mtDNA tends to underestimate the extent of gene flow from European aurochsen, the detection of the R mtDNAs in autochthonous breeds, some of which are endangered, identifies an unexpected reservoir of genetic variation that should be carefully preserved. 相似文献
73.
Ugo A. Perego Alessandro Achilli Norman Angerhofer Matteo Accetturo Maria Pala Anna Olivieri Baharak Hooshiar Kashani Kathleen H. Ritchie Rosaria Scozzari Qing-Peng Kong Natalie M. Myres Antonio Salas Ornella Semino Hans-Jürgen Bandelt Scott R. Woodward Antonio Torroni 《Current biology : CB》2009,19(1):1-8
74.
Susan Hrisos Martin P Eccles Jill J Francis Heather O Dickinson Eileen FS Kaner Fiona Beyer Marie Johnston 《Implementation science : IS》2009,4(1):1-20
Background
Accurate measures of health professionals' clinical practice are critically important to guide health policy decisions, as well as for professional self-evaluation and for research-based investigation of clinical practice and process of care. It is often not feasible or ethical to measure behaviour through direct observation, and rigorous behavioural measures are difficult and costly to use. The aim of this review was to identify the current evidence relating to the relationships between proxy measures and direct measures of clinical behaviour. In particular, the accuracy of medical record review, clinician self-reported and patient-reported behaviour was assessed relative to directly observed behaviour.Methods
We searched: PsycINFO; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; science/social science citation index; Current contents (social & behavioural med/clinical med); ISI conference proceedings; and Index to Theses. Inclusion criteria: empirical, quantitative studies; and examining clinical behaviours. An independent, direct measure of behaviour (by standardised patient, other trained observer or by video/audio recording) was considered the 'gold standard' for comparison. Proxy measures of behaviour included: retrospective self-report; patient-report; or chart-review. All titles, abstracts, and full text articles retrieved by electronic searching were screened for inclusion and abstracted independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer where necessary.Results
Fifteen reports originating from 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The method of direct measurement was by standardised patient in six reports, trained observer in three reports, and audio/video recording in six reports. Multiple proxy measures of behaviour were compared in five of 15 reports. Only four of 15 reports used appropriate statistical methods to compare measures. Some direct measures failed to meet our validity criteria. The accuracy of patient report and chart review as proxy measures varied considerably across a wide range of clinical actions. The evidence for clinician self-report was inconclusive.Conclusion
Valid measures of clinical behaviour are of fundamental importance to accurately identify gaps in care delivery, improve quality of care, and ultimately to improve patient care. However, the evidence base for three commonly used proxy measures of clinicians' behaviour is very limited. Further research is needed to better establish the methods of development, application, and analysis for a range of both direct and proxy measures of behaviour. 相似文献75.
76.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV expression and activity in human glomerular endothelial cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pala L Mannucci E Pezzatini A Ciani S Sardi J Raimondi L Ognibene A Cappadona A Vannelli BG Rotella CM 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2003,310(1):28-31
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a meal-stimulated gastrointestinal insulinotropic hormone inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), is reduced in type 2 diabetic patients. The present study shows that 2-week exposure of human glomerular endothelial cells to high glucose (22 mM) determines a highly significant increase in DPP-IV activity and mRNA expression, which cannot be entirely accounted for by hyperosmolarity. On the other hand, incubation of purified DPP-IV in a buffer solution added with high glucose does not affect enzyme activity. These results suggest that high glucose increases expression and activity of DPP-IV, possibly contributing to GLP-1 reduction in type 2 diabetic patients. 相似文献
77.
Characterization of the DNA-binding domains from the yeast cell-cycle transcription factors Mbp1 and Swi4 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Taylor IA McIntosh PB Pala P Treiber MK Howell S Lane AN Smerdon SJ 《Biochemistry》2000,39(14):3943-3954
78.
Jeri Lynn Parrent Timothy Y James Rimvydas Vasaitis Andrew FS Taylor 《BMC evolutionary biology》2009,9(1):148-16
Background
Many fungi are obligate biotrophs of plants, growing in live plant tissues, gaining direct access to recently photosynthesized carbon. Photosynthate within plants is transported from source to sink tissues as sucrose, which is hydrolyzed by plant glycosyl hydrolase family 32 enzymes (GH32) into its constituent monosaccharides to meet plant cellular demands. A number of plant pathogenic fungi also use GH32 enzymes to access plant-derived sucrose, but less is known about the sucrose utilization ability of mutualistic and commensal plant biotrophic fungi, such as mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. The aim of this study was to explore the distribution and abundance of GH32 genes in fungi to understand how sucrose utilization is structured within and among major ecological guilds and evolutionary lineages. Using bioinformatic and PCR-based analyses, we tested for GH32 gene presence in all available fungal genomes and an additional 149 species representing a broad phylogenetic and ecological range of biotrophic fungi. 相似文献79.
Veronica Fiorito Francesco Neri Valentina Pala Lorenzo Silengo Salvatore Oliviero Fiorella Altruda Emanuela Tolosano 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms》2014,1839(4):259-264
The tissue-specific gene expression changes mediated by the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) allow the adaptation of cells to low oxygen tension and control several processes including erythropoiesis, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The Feline Leukemia Virus, subgroup C, Receptor 1 (Flvcr1) gene encodes for two isoforms, Flvcr1a and 1b, involved in the export of heme out of the cell and of mitochondria respectively. Studies in mouse models demonstrated a crucial role of Flvcr1 isoforms in erythropoiesis and during embryo development. 相似文献
80.
Data availability expectations have changed over the years in scientific publishing, nowhere more so than in the field of genomics. This field has spearheaded openness and transparency via public and structured deposition of data. BMC Genomics strongly encourages deposition and unrestricted availability of all primary data underlying research studies both as a way of ensuring reproducibility and standardisation, but also as part of overall community-driven expectation on data deposition and sharing.With funders and publishers moving towards more explicit mandates (regarding data availability), we examined the current barriers to unrestricted availability of data and explored different scenarios in which commercial agreements might run contrary to scientific convention and data sharing policies. In this editorial, Ross Tellam (CSIRO, Australia), Paul Rushton (Texas A&M AgriLife Research) and Peter Schuerman (University of California, Merced), give their views on the importance of data sharing and examine the current challenges in research fields like crop and livestock genomics, where often it is necessary to integrate the interests of academic and commercial stakeholders. We discuss the current approaches, highlight the importance of community-driven standards, and propose ways forward. 相似文献