磺胺嘧啶银混悬液联合银锌霜分阶段疗法在大面积烧伤中的应用

目的:观察2008年1月至2010年12月期间98例TBSA大于35%的烧伤病人创面联合应用磺胺嘧啶银混悬液联合银锌霜的疗效.方法:以同期76例应用碘伏的病人作为对照,两组病人的平均年龄、烧伤面积、Ⅲ度面积无显著差别,用药方式均以半暴露为主.结果:磺胺嘧啶银混悬液联合银锌霜组能显著增加细菌转阴率,减少抗生素应用时间及植皮手术次数,缩短愈合时间.结论:磺胺嘧啶银混悬液联合银锌霜较碘伏能显著增加抗感染能力,有利于肉芽创面形成,为自行愈合或再次手术打下良好基础,值得应用.     

派伦螨属四已知种雄螨及若螨描述(蜱螨亚纲:中气门目:派盾螨科)

本文描述拟双毛派伦螨Parholaspulus paradichaetes Petrova,1967雄螨及前若螨,阿氏派伦螨 P.alstoni Evans,1956后若螨及前若螨,微小派伦螨 P.minutus Petrova,1967和东方派伦螨 P.orientalis Petrova,1967后若螨.     

On the robustness of complex heterogeneous gene expression networks

We analyze a continuous gene expression model on the underlying topology of a complex heterogeneous network. Numerical simulations aimed at studying the chaotic and periodic dynamics of the model are performed. The results clearly indicate that there is a region in which the dynamical and structural complexity of the system avoid chaotic attractors. However, contrary to what has been reported for Random Boolean Networks, the chaotic phase cannot be completely suppressed, which has important bearings on network robustness and gene expression modeling.     

Lateral angle: a method for sexing using the petrous bone

We report on the results of applying the so-called lateral angle method for sex determination on skeletal remains. The lateral angle denotes the angle of the internal auditory canal in relation to the medial surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone. The method involves making a small cast of the proximal part of the internal acoustic canal and determining the angle at which the canal opens up to the surface of the petrous bone. The method has the great advantage of utilizing one of the sturdiest bone elements of the human skeleton, and may thus be especially suited for analyses of very fragmented skeletal remains or cremated bones, where the petrous bone may still be readily recognizable. The method was tested using a forensic sample of 113 petrous bones with known sex. Intra- and interobserver testing was also performed. We found a statistically significant difference in angle size between males and females (mean angle size of males, 39.3 degrees ; mean angle size of females, 48.2 degrees ; P < 0.001). There was no bilateral difference in angle size. In blind trials, 83.2% of petrous bones were assigned to the correct sex. We also tested the lateral angle method against an archaeological skeletal sample. True sex was not known for this sample; instead, sexing had been carried out by assessing pelvic and cranial morphology in independent trials. We found a higher concordance between the lateral angle and "pelvic" sex than for lateral angle and "cranial" sex. Finally, we note that subadult sexing may also be possible with this method.     

Intracellular free [Ca2+] in human skeletal muscle with myopathic carnitine deficiency

Carnitine is required for the transport of activated long chain fatty acids through the mitochondrial inner membrane. We measured the intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) by means of a calcium selective microelectrode in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from nine patients in which myopathic carnitine deficiency (MCD) was diagnosed, and from six subjects with no evidence of neuromuscular disease. Intact intercostal muscle bundles were dissected and then split for electron microscopic studies and electrophysiological measurements. The [Ca2+]i in muscle fibers from MCD patients was 0.46 +/- 0.02 mumol.l-1 (mean +/- SEM) and 0.10 +/- 0.01 mumol.l-1 in control subjects. At the electron microscopic level, the predominant abnormality was the presence of lipid vacuoles between the myofibrils. These results show that in patients with myopathic carnitine deficiency there is a significant increase in the resting myoplasmic calcium concentration which might be related to a malfunction of some mechanisms responsible for the homeostasis of intracellular calcium.     

Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in tomato seeds using immunomagnetic separation

The use of pathogen-free plant material is the main strategy for controlling bacterial canker of tomato caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. However, detection and isolation of this pathogen from seeds before field or greenhouse cultivation is difficult when the bacterium is at low concentration and associated microbiota are present. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS), based on the use of immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with specific antibodies, was used to capture C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis cells, allowing removal of non-target bacteria from samples before plating on non-selective medium. Different concentrations of IMBs and of two antisera were tested, showing that IMS with 10(6)IMBs/ml coated with a polyclonal antiserum at 1/3200 dilution recovered more than 50% of target cells from initial inocula of 10(3) to 10(0)CFU/ml. Threshold detection was lower than 10CFU/ml even in seed extracts containing seed debris and high populations of non-target bacteria. The IMS permitted C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis isolation from naturally infected seeds with higher sensitivity and faster than direct isolation on the semiselective medium currently used and could become a simple viable system for routinely testing tomato seed lots in phytosanitary diagnostic laboratories.     

The essential tyrosine-containing loop conformation and the role of the C-terminal multi-helix region in eukaryotic phenylalanine ammonia-lyases

Besides the post-translationally cyclizing catalytic Ala-Ser-Gly triad, Tyr110 and its equivalents are of the most conserved residues in the active site of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5), histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL, EC 4.3.1.3) and other related enzymes. The Tyr110Phe mutation results in the most pronounced inactivation of PAL indicating the importance of this residue. The recently published X-ray structures of PAL revealed that the Tyr110-loop was either missing (for Rhodospridium toruloides) or far from the active site (for Petroselinum crispum). In bacterial HAL ( approximately 500 amino acids) and plant and fungal PALs ( approximately 710 amino acids), a core PAL/HAL domain ( approximately 480 amino acids) with >or= 30% sequence identity along the different species is common. In plant and fungal PAL a approximately 100-residue long C-terminal multi-helix domain is present. The ancestor bacterial HAL is thermostable and, in all of its known X-ray structures, a Tyr83-loop-in arrangement has been found. Based on the HAL structures, a Tyr110-loop-in conformation of the P. crispum PAL structure was constructed by partial homology modeling, and the static and dynamic behavior of the loop-in/loop-out structures were compared. To study the role of the C-terminal multi-helix domain, Tyr-loop-in/loop-out model structures of two bacterial PALs (Streptomyces maritimus, 523 amino acids and Photorhabdus luminescens, 532 amino acids) lacking this C-terminal domain were also built. Molecular dynamics studies indicated that the Tyr-loop-in conformation was more rigid without the C-terminal multi-helix domain. On this basis it is hypothesized that a role of this C-terminal extension is to decrease the lifetime of eukaryotic PAL by destabilization, which might be important for the rapid responses in the regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.     

Changes in the amplitude and direction of goal-directed hand movements in the lack of visual information

The goal of the present investigation was to determine the precision of goal-directed hand movements in the lack of visual information. The movement amplitude and direction was examined under different experimental conditions. Subjects were ten female and ten male university students. The motor test was drawing 10 cm long straight line and 24 cm long zigzag line in four different experimental conditions. 1) The drawing with open eyes was followed immediately with drawing with closed eyes. 2) The drawing was executed from memory in the lack of visual information. 3) Drawing with restricted amplitude or direction. 4) Drawing with verbal feedback. The errors of the target distance and the lateral deviations from the target were different under the different experimental conditions. The largest errors and underestimation of the target distance occurred in drawing horizontal straight line with closed eyes. No statistically significant gender differences were found. It is concluded that the practice, adjustment of single movement parameter to the target, and the verbal feedback assist better the accuracy of unseen goal-directed hand movement than the recent visual memory.     

Mouse ornithine decarboxylase-like gene encodes an antizyme inhibitor devoid of ornithine and arginine decarboxylating activity

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, is a labile protein that is regulated by interacting with antizymes (AZs), a family of polyamine-induced proteins. Recently, a novel human gene highly homologous to ODC, termed ODC-like or ODC-paralogue (ODCp), was cloned, but the studies aimed to determine its function rendered contradictory results. We have cloned the mouse orthologue of human ODCp and studied its expression and possible function. mRNA of mouse Odcp was found in the brain and testes, showing a conserved expression pattern with regard to the human gene. Transfection of mouse Odcp in HEK 293T cells elicited an increase in ODC activity, but no signs of arginine decarboxylase activity were evident. On the other hand, whereas the ODCp protein was mainly localized in the mitochondrial/membrane fraction, ODC activity was found in the cytosolic fraction and was markedly decreased by small interfering RNA against human ODC. Co-transfection experiments with combinations of Odc, Az1, Az2, Az3, antizyme inhibitor (Azi), and Odcp genes showed that ODCp mimics the action of AZI, rescuing ODC from the effects of AZs and prevented ODC degradation by the proteasome. A direct interaction between ODCp and AZs was detected by immunoprecipitation experiments. We conclude that mouse ODCp has no intrinsic decarboxylase activity, but it acts as a novel antizyme inhibitory protein (AZI2).