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81.
82.
Germán Diestre Ortín Vanessa González Sequero Núria Collell Domènech Francisca Pérez López Pablo Hernando Robles 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2013
Introduction
Advanced care planning (ACP) helps in make decisions on the health problems of people who have lost the capacity for informed consent. It has proven particularly useful in addressing the end of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ACP in patients with severe chronic diseases.Material and methods
Review of medical records of patients with dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease on dialysis and cancer, all in advanced stages. We collected data on living wills or registered prior decisions by the physician according to clinical planned.Results
A total of 135 patients were studied. There was a record of ACP in 22 patients (16.3%). In most of them it was planned not to start any vital treatment in the event of high risk of imminent death and lacking the ability to make decisions. Only two patients were had a legal living will.Conclusion
The registration of ACP is relatively low, and this can affect decision-making in accordance with the personal values of patients when they do not have the capacity to exercise informed consent. 相似文献83.
84.
Susanne Gauggel-Lewandowski Alexandra H. Heussner Pablo Steinberg Bart Pieterse Bart van der Burg Daniel R. Dietrich 《Chemico-biological interactions》2013
Due to increasing energy demand and limited fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have gained in importance. Particulate matter (PM) in general, but also PM from the combustion of wood is known to exert adverse health effects in human. These are often related to specific toxic compounds adsorbed to the PM surface, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), of which some are known human carcinogens. This study focused on the bioavailability of PAHs and on the tumor initiation potential of wood combustion PM, using the PAH CALUX® reporter gene assay and the BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay, respectively. For this, both cell assays were exposed to PM and their respective organic extracts from varying degrees of combustion. The PAH CALUX® experiments demonstrated a concentration–response relationship matching the PAHs detected in the samples. Contrary to expectations, PM samples from complete (CC) and incomplete combustion (IC) provided for a stronger and weaker response, respectively, suggesting that PAH were more readily bioavailable in PM from CC. These findings were corroborated via PAH spiking experiments indicating that IC PM contains organic components that strongly adsorb PAH thereby reducing their bioavailability. The results obtained with organic extracts in the cell transformation assay presented the highest potential for carcinogenicity in samples with high PAH contents, albeit PM from CC also demonstrated a carcinogenic potential. In conclusion, the in vitro assays employed emphasize that CC produces PM with low PAH content however with a general higher bioavailability and thus with a nearly similar carcinogenic potential than IC PM. 相似文献
85.
María Eugenia Sabatino Liliana del Valle Sosa Juan Pablo Petiti Jorge Humberto Mukdsi Iván Darío Mascanfroni Claudia Gabriela Pellizas Silvina Gutiérrez Alicia Inés Torres Ana Lucía De Paul 《Experimental cell research》2013
Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been characterized for its ability to recognize bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Considering that infections or inflammatory processes might contribute to the progression of pituitary tumors, we analyzed the TLR4 functional role by evaluating the LPS effect on lactotroph proliferation in primary cultures from experimental pituitary tumors, and examined the involvement of PI3K-Akt and NF-κB activation in this effect. In addition, the role of 17β-estradiol as a possible modulator of LPS-induced PRL cell proliferation was further investigated. In estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, LPS triggered lactotroph cell proliferation. However, endotoxin failed to increase the number of lactotrophs taking up BrdU in normal pituitaries. Moreover, incubation with anti-TLR4 antibody significantly reduced LPS-induced lactotroph proliferation, suggesting a functional role of this receptor. As a sign of TLR4 activation, an LPS challenge increased IL-6 release in normal and tumoral cells. By flow cytometry, TLR4 baseline expression was revealed at the plasma membrane of tumoral lactotrophs, without changes noted in the percentage of double PRL/TLR4 positive cells after LPS stimulus. Increases in TLR4 intracellular expression were detected as well as rises in CD14, p-Akt and NF-κB after an LPS challenge, as assessed by western blotting. The TLR4/PRL and PRL/NF-κB co-localization was also corroborated by immunofluorescence and the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling in lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release was revealed through the PI3K inhibitor Ly-294002. In addition, 17β-estradiol attenuated the LPS-evoked increase in tumoral lactotroph proliferation and IL-6 release. Collectively these results demonstrate the presence of functional TLR4 in lactotrophs from estrogen-induced hyperplasic pituitaries, which responded to the proliferative stimulation and IL-6 release induced by LPS through TLR4/CD14, with a contribution of the PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways. 相似文献
86.
María Teresa Gómez-Casero Pablo J Hidalgo Herminia García-Mozo Eugenio Domínguez Carmen Galán 《Grana》2013,52(1):22-30
Potential pollen production, viability and germination were studied in the most important species of Quercus in the mountains of Córdoba to determine the contribution of each species to the total amount of airborne pollen. The results were compared over two consecutive years with different rainfall patterns. The viability of pollen grains was determined at anther opening, and during the pollination period, in order to determine potential pollination capacity. Results indicated that there were differences in the number of pollen grains produced by stamen in the four species. Equally, there were differences in the number of flowers among the species, being Q. suber the species with higher number of catkins groups and flowers per individual tree. Total pollen production per tree can be summarized in the following proportion: 1: 3: 3: 6 (Q. coccifera, Q. ilex ssp. ballota, Q. faginea and Q. suber). Potential pollen viability was estimated using the Fluorochromatic Reaction (FCR) and a germination assay. The results have shown that Quercus potential pollen viability is high and declines slowly with time. Q. coccifera was the species with the highest percentage of germination, with Q. suber being the lowest. 相似文献
87.
Juan G. Navedo David Arranz Alejandro G. Herrera Pablo Salmón José A. Juanes José A. Masero 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2013,22(9):1895-1907
Coastal pastures are common agroecosystems adjacent to estuarine areas that can provide valuable habitat for wildlife, particularly for migratory shorebirds. Disentangling the factors that influence coastal pasture use by wintering shorebirds will provide new insights into its role for buffering human disturbances and habitat loss in intertidal areas. We examined whether numbers of two shorebirds (Eurasian curlew and Black-tailed godwit) foraging actively on coastal pastures was affected by weather conditions, tidal stage (low/high tide) and number of harvesters at intertidal areas throughout winter. Both species frequently used coastal pastures and most individuals foraged actively there. The average percentage of the total wintering population of curlews and godwits foraging on coastal pastures was 27.4 and 7.8 %, respectively, and was significantly higher during high tide compared to low tide. The number of harvesters on mudflats also had a positive significant effect in explaining the presence of curlews, and to a lesser extent for godwits, on coastal pastures, and accumulated rainfall had a positive effect for both species too. These supratidal areas were consistently used as alternative foraging grounds during low tide by curlews, as well as supplementary foraging areas during high tide by wintering populations of both large shorebirds. By supplementary foraging, wintering curlews, and probably godwits, seemed to compensate for a negative effect of the presence of harvesters on their foraging activity. We recommend managing of those coastal agricultural fields adjacent to intertidal foraging grounds in order to increase the availability of supratidal foraging habitats for declining shorebird populations. These habitats may thus have a beneficial role in sustaining populations of wintering shorebirds, but further studies are needed to estimate if birds can compensate for any shortfall in daily energy budget by supplementary foraging on coastal pastures, thus providing insights into whether they are involved in large-scale population regulation of migratory birds. 相似文献
88.
Jenifer L. Smith Kassandra I. Rossiter Christopher M. Semko Ying-Zi Xu David A. Quincy Jacek Jagodzinski Michael S. Dappen Andrei W. Konradi Christopher Vandevert Caroline Garrido Wenxian Mao F. Bong San Pablo Brian Wipke Lilibeth Dofiles Angie Wadsworth Eric Peterson Carlos Lorenzana Stellanie Simmonds Ted A. Yednock 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2013,23(14):4117-4119
Mitsunobu reactions were employed to link t-butyl esters of α4 integrin inhibitors at each of the termini of a three-arm, 40 kDa, branched PEG. Cleavage of the t-butyl esters using HCO2H provided easily isolated PEG derivatives, which are potent α4 integrin inhibitors, and which achieve sustained levels and bioactivity in vivo, following subcutaneous administration to rats. 相似文献
89.
90.
Ruth Goldschmidt Pablo M. Arce Omar M. Khdour Valérie C. Collin Sriloy Dey Jennifer Jaruvangsanti David M. Fash Sidney M. Hecht 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2013,21(4):969-978
Two new aza analogues of the neuroprotective agent idebenone have been synthesized and characterized. Their antioxidant activity, and ability to augment ATP levels have been evaluated in several different cell lines having suboptimal mitochondrial function. Both compounds were found to be good ROS scavengers, and to protect the cells from oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion. The compounds were more effective than idebenone in neurodegenerative disease cells. These novel pyrimidinol derivatives were also shown to augment ATP levels in coenzyme Q10-deficient human lymphocytes. The more lipophilic side chains attached to the pyrimidinol redox core in these compounds resulted in less inhibition of the electron transport chain and improved antioxidant activity. 相似文献