光免疫治疗的抗肿瘤研究进展

光免疫治疗是一种新兴的肿瘤靶向光疗手段,它将单克隆抗体的肿瘤特异性与光吸收剂的光毒性相结合,可以快速且极具免疫原选择性地诱导靶肿瘤细胞的死亡。由于靶向性强,光免疫治疗的副作用小。而且因为该疗法诱导的免疫原性死亡会引起垂死肿瘤细胞周围未成熟树突状细胞的快速成熟,继而将肿瘤抗原提呈给CD8+T细胞,导致治疗后CD8+T细胞的激活和增殖,增强宿主抗肿瘤免疫反应。不仅如此,光免疫治疗还能通过增强纳米药物的肿瘤组织穿透性而提高疗效。鉴于光免疫治疗的优良应用前景,文中从其免疫激活机制、超级高渗透长滞留效应、新进展与联合治疗等方面进行综述,旨在为其深入研究和临床转化提供参考。     

凝胶电泳微流控芯片提取外泌体及对人血浆外泌体中miRNA-21的测定

为了开发一种用于人体血浆中外泌体的高效快速提取和分离的新型微流控芯片,文中收集健康人体外周血液样本,自主设计并制备基于纳米多孔薄膜和琼脂糖凝胶电泳的微流芯片。提取的外泌体使用透射电镜、Nanosight和Western blotting等技术进行表征,鉴定并分析其形态、浓度和粒径分布。同时将超速离心法和微流芯片所提取的外泌体进行粒径和浓度的分析比较,探讨两种方法各自的提取效率。最后,利用RT-PCR技术分析外泌体中miRNA-21的相对表达量。凝胶电泳微流芯片可在1 h内快速的从血浆中高效率地提取出纯度高、大小完整、尺寸分布在30–200 nm之间的外泌体,满足后续下游分析的要求。通过与现有最普遍的超速离心法进行对比分析,当血浆样本量小于100μL时,凝胶电泳微流芯片提取外泌体的效率为超速离心法的3.80倍。凝胶电泳微流芯片提取外泌体的优化参数是:电场电压:100 V;琼脂糖凝胶浓度:1.0%;注射泵流速:0.1 mL/h。凝胶电泳微流芯片可快速高效地提取出外泌体,对外泌体与癌症生物标记物的相关研究具有潜在的巨大优势,也为基于外泌体的即时诊断技术提供了可能。     

应用型本科高校围绕解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力培养的课程体系思考与构建

准确把握专业复杂工程问题的特征与内涵是设置专业毕业要求、构建课程体系、设计教学内容的重要前提。文中通过讨论生物产业的复杂工程问题特征,挖掘长三角地区生物产业对于本科层次人才的需求,总结岗位典型任务和要求,阐述了典型任务中包含的复杂工程问题的内涵。在此基础上构建了多阶段培养解决生物工程专业复杂工程问题能力的课程体系。该课程体系结合产教深度融合的医药生物技术学院、教师科研反哺教学项目建设、课程团队与一流课程建设、覆盖全员的学生专业社团建设等多种措施,更好地支撑了解决复杂工程问题能力的培养。     

中欧组织间合作研究项目MIX-UP助力实现“碳中和”

随着全球塑料循环体系的变革升级,提高塑料的回收利用不仅可以减少塑料在生命周期中的碳排放,还可以解决废塑料潜在的生态环境危害。文中介绍了2019年国家自然科学基金组织间国际 (地区) 合作研究项目“废塑料资源高效生物降解转化的关键科学问题与技术 (MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities,MIX-UP)”。该项目聚焦“塑料污染”这一全球化的问题,围绕中欧双方确定的“塑料生物降解菌群”研究领域,联合中欧双方14家优势科研单位,开展实质性的重大前沿合作研究。针对废塑料生物降解中存在的解聚与重塑两个难题,项目以难降解石油基塑料 (PP、PE、PUR、PET和PS) 以及生物可降解塑料 (PLA和PHA) 的混合废塑料作为研究对象,从塑料微生物降解途径解析及关键元件的挖掘与改造、塑料高效降解混菌/多酶体系的构建与功能调控、塑料降解物的高值化炼制途径设计与利用策略3个方面展开研究。本项目将突破废塑料生物降解转化中高效降解元件挖掘、塑料降解物高值化利用的关键科学问题与技术,探索一条废塑料资源化、高值化、循环化、低碳化的新塑料循环路线,建立以“降塑再造”为核心理念的废塑料生物炼制体系,丰富我国固废资源化生物技术利用平台。项目的实施不仅有助于提升我国塑料 (生物) 循环经济的理论基础和关键技术水平,还可以推动我国与国际科研院所的多边交流与合作,促进我国在生物技术领域的创新发展,助力我国碳中和目标的实现。     

Potential Applications in Sewage Bioremediation of the Highly Efficient Pyridine-Transforming Paenochrobactrum sp.

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology - A pyridine-transforming strain P2 was isolated from sewage collected from Guangzhou oil stain field(China).According to the system analysis, it was...     

Proteiniclasticum sediminis sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from anaerobic sludge

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - An obligate anaerobic bacterial BAD-10 T was isolated from anaerobic acetochlor-degrading sludge. The strain was Gram-stain negative, curved rod-shaped,...     

TUFT1 Facilitates Metastasis,Stemness, and Vincristine Resistance in Colorectal Cancer via Activation of PI3K/AKT Pathway

Since the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing in recent years, the research on the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer has attracted more and more attention. Here, our results confirmed that the mRNA expression level and proteins accumulation of TUFT1 were significantly increased in CRC tissues from late-stage CRC patients (III?+?IV) (p?<?0.001), indicated by qPCR and IHC assay. The TUFT1 expression was positively correlated with tumor stage by analyzing 126 specimens from CRC patients. Next, we found that up-regulation of TUFT1 enhanced the migration and invasion of LoVo cells, whereas the down-regulation of TUFT1 observably weakened the migration and invasion of SW837 cells, indicating that TUFT1 promotes the metastasis of CRC cells. In addition, TUFT1 overexpression increased the number of mammary spheres and vincristine resistance of LoVo cells by sphere formation assay and measuring the IC50 value, suggesting the TUFT1 promotes stemness and the vincristine resistance of CRC cells. Finally, we found that TUFT1 overexpression increased p-AKT in LoVo cells, while down-regulation of TUFT1 decreased the p-AKT levels in SW837 cells. Therefore, we determined that the function of TUFT1 in CRC depends on PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, these data demonstrated that TUFI1 facilitates metastasis, stemness, and vincristine resistance of colorectal cancer cells via activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, which might act as a promising therapeutic target for CRC.

     

Ghrelin Affects Gastric Cancer Progression by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway

Biochemical Genetics - As the endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR), Ghrelin is aberrant expressed in multiple malignant carcinoma, and involved in regulating a number of...