Stress Responses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) : V. Constitutive and Elicitor-Induced Accumulation of Isoflavonoid Conjugates in Cell Suspension Cultures

The isoflavonoid conjugates medicarpin-3-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate (MGM), afrormosin-7-O-glucoside (AG), and afrormosin-7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate (AGM) were isolated and characterized from cell suspension cultures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), where they were the major constitutive secondary metabolites. They were also found in alfalfa roots but not in other parts of the plant. The phytoalexin medicarpin accumulated rapidly in suspension cultured cells treated with elicitor from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, and this was subsequently accompanied by an increase in the levels of MGM. In contrast, net accumulation of afrormosin conjugates was not affected by elicitor treatment. Labeling studies with [¹⁴C]phenylalanine indicated that afrormosin conjugates were the major de novo synthesized isoflavonoid products in unelicited cells. During elicitation, [¹⁴C]phenylalanine was incorporated predominantly into medicarpin, although a significant proportion of the newly synthesized medicarpin was also conjugated. Treatment of ¹⁴C-labeled, elicited cells with l-α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, a potent inhibitor of PAL activity in vivo, resulted in the initial appearance of labeled medicarpin of very low specific activity, suggesting that the phytoalexin could be released from a preformed conjugate under these conditions. Our data draw attention to the involvement of isoflavone hydroxylases during the constitutive and elicitor-induced accumulation of isoflavonoids and their conjugates in alfalfa cell cultures.     

外源脂肪酸及胆固醇对莱氏衣原体膜糖脂含量的影响

 <正> 单葡萄糖甘油二酯(MGDG)和双葡萄糖甘油二酯(DGDG)是莱氏衣原体膜上主要的极性脂。糖脂的生理功能过去很少研究,至今仍不清楚。近年来实验结果表明,MGDG在膜上容易形成六角形Ⅱ结构,而DGDG则形成脂双层结构。六角形Ⅱ结构的出现与生物膜的生理功能的关系是当前瞩目的研究内容。本文首次研究了外源脂肪酸和胆固酵对莱氏衣原体AIH089菌株膜上糖脂含量的影响。     

哺乳动物卵子的透明带

哺乳动物的卵子表面由透明带所包围,已知透明带可被蛋白质分解酶、低PH、氧化剂、还原剂以及热处理等溶解破坏.有关透明带的来源,过去曾认为是由卵子颗粒层细胞,或是卵细胞,以及由两者共同产生.最近的研究表明,透明带是由卵细胞所产生.目前一般认为卵子的透明带在受精时,可起到种间识别、阻止多精子受精以及在着床前保护受精卵的作用.此外,透明带还具     

Foreign protein expression from S phase specific promoters in continuous cultures of recombinant CHO cells

Foreign protein expression from the commonly used SV40 promoter has been found to be primarily during the S-phase of the cell cycle. Simple mathematical models with this cell cycle phase dependent expression of foreign protein suggest that the specific production rate will be proportional to the cell growth rate, which is particularly disadvantageous in high cell density fed-batch or perfusion bioreactors. In this study we investigate this predicted relationship between the production rate and growth rate by culturing recombinant CHO cells in a continuous suspension bioreactor. One CHO cell line, GS-26, has been stably transfected with the plasmid pSVgal, which contains the E. coli lac Z gene under the control of the SV40 promoter. This GS-26 cell line was grown in suspension cultures over a range of specific growth rates in batch and continuous modes. The intracellular -galactosidase activity was assayed using a standard spectrophotometric method after breaking the cells open and releasing the enzyme. A strong growth associated relationship is found between the intracellular -galactosidase content and the specific growth rate in batch and continuous cultures, as predicted.     

羊草草地枯枝落叶中N,P,K变化动态

羊草草地枯枝落叶中Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ变化动态郭继勋,祝廷成（东北师范大学国家草地生态工程实验室,长春１３００２４）ＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆＮ,ＰａｎｄＫｉｎｌｉｔｔｅｒｓｏｎＡｎｅｕｒｏｌｏｐｉｄｉｕｍｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄ．￥ＧｕｏＪｉｘｕｎａｎｄ...     

人凝血因子Ⅷ遗传工程研究进展

早在一千七百多年前,人们就认识到甲型血友病是一种出血性絮乱。直到1937年才证实FⅧ在血友病发病中起关键作用。然而有关FⅧ的详细生化特征和结构特征在最近的10年才搞清楚。 治疗甲型血友病主要采取多次输入从人血浆中浓缩的FⅧ。虽然这种替代治疗能有效地控制阵发性出血,但还存在如下严重问题。首先,患者有感染病毒性疾病如病毒性肝炎和艾滋病的危险。通过增加灭活病毒步骤以及运用单克隆抗体进一步纯化FⅧ已显著降低了患者感染病毒的危险。然而这一制备FⅧ的过程却提高了成本,从而使治疗费用大为增加。其次,由于血浆FⅧ存在时间的限制,患者需要经常地预防性治疗。这种治疗法能导致关节慢性出血,组织损伤。此外,频繁地静脉输入FⅧ,还会引起诸如寻找外