基于BIOMOD的青海湖流域高原鼠兔分布模拟

随着统计模型及空间信息数据的不断发展和完善,物种分布模型已经成为全球变化背景下研究大尺度物种分布情况的重要工具。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)是青藏高原特有的关键物种,在青藏高原生态系统中占有重要地位。通过采集高原鼠兔的分布点数据及环境变量数据,基于R语言中BIOMOD包中的7个模型对其在青海湖流域的分布进行了模拟。结果表明,高原鼠兔主要分布于青海湖西岸和北岸、天峻县周边及布哈河流域上游,影响高原鼠兔分布的主要环境因子为距道路距离、距居民点距离、最暖月最高气温、NDVI标准差、最冷季和最干季降水量。BIOMOD组合模型中,推进式回归树模型(GBM)和最大熵模型(MAXENT)的模拟效果最好,广义线性回归模型(GLM)结果较差。而优化后的结果显示,模拟结果的集成和筛选能有效提高模型的精度和效果。     

基于核基因LEAFY的中国珍稀濒危植物中华水韭的遗传多样性分析

利用核基因LEAFY第二个内含子片段对中国现存中华水韭（Isoetes sinensis Palmer）的遗传多样性进行分析,探讨了中华水韭自然居群的遗传多样性结构及其形成机制。结果显示：现存中华水韭7个自然居群共105个样本中存在78个单倍型,单倍型多样性（H_d）为0.989,核苷酸多样性（π）为0.021,遗传差异主要存在于居群内（72%）,且存在较高的基因流（N_m=0.59）。同时,居群遗传学分析结果发现中华水韭居群不存在明显的谱系地理格局（G_ST>N_ST）;Mantel检验中Rxy值为-0.286,P（rxy-rand≥rxy-data）值为0.370,表明居群遗传距离和地理距离之间没有明显相关性;UPGMA聚类分析显示处于海拔较高位置的2个居群与其它5个居群遗传关系较远;中性检验（Taijima's D、Fu & Li's D^*和F^*）检测结果均为负值,基于稳定模型的失配分布检测显示为多峰。根据中华水韭居群的地理位置,推测中华水韭的遗传结构可能与水系、海拔分布及其杂交后代多倍化的物种形成过程相关。     

EDN3在不同毛色小鼠皮肤中的表达与定位

内皮素3（endothelin 3, EDN3）对早期黑色素细胞的迁移及增殖分化有促进作用,并可通过与其受体结合促进黑色素的合成。EDN3在不同毛色小鼠皮肤中的差异及其在毛色形成过程中的作用仍有待研究。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,灰色小鼠皮肤中EDN3的表达量显著高于黑色及棕色小鼠,约为其2倍(P<0.01)。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,灰色小鼠皮肤内EDN3的含量为黑色小鼠的5倍,棕色小鼠为黑色小鼠的2倍。ELISA结果表明,灰色小鼠皮肤中EDN3的蛋白质表达量分别是黑色和棕色小鼠的1.8倍和1.4倍(P<0.01)。免疫组织化学显示,EDN3在毛囊的毛基质及内外毛根鞘有明显表达,毛乳头等部位有少量表达。EDN3在不同毛色小鼠皮肤中的表达存在显著差异,是维持黑色素细胞存在不可缺少的因子,可能对两种色素颗粒的相互转化有一定的作用。     

Wnt通路中的部分基因在绒山羊胚胎皮肤毛囊中的表达分析

已知绒山羊毛囊的发育受Wnt等信号通路控制,但Wnt通路相关基因在绒山羊胚胎毛囊启动和生长发育过程中的表达及作用机制尚不清楚。本文采用RNA-Seq技术对45 d,55 d和65 d的绒山羊胚胎体侧皮肤进行了转录组测序,鉴定Wnt通路相关基因的表达。 RNA- Seq技术结合blast搜索,将转录组有效测序数据与云南黑山羊参考基因组序列(http://goat. kiz.ac. cn/GGD/download.htm)比对,获得了已知的Wnt通路（pathway hsa04310）中的123个相关基因（86.0%）。进而采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测,验证了差异表达的Sfrp4、Wnt3、Wnt10a（上调）和Apc2（下调）基因在绒山羊胚胎不同时期皮肤中的表达量,初步探索了绒山羊毛囊在胚胎期启动、发育过程中,Wnt通路部分基因的表达模式,为进一步研究Wnt通路部分基因在绒山羊胚胎毛囊启动、发育过程中的作用机制提供了有意义的线索。     

灭活原生质体融合选育木糖、葡萄糖共发酵酿酒酵母工程菌

为了选育高效利用木糖、葡萄糖共发酵,并使乙醇产量有所提高的酿酒酵母工程菌株。以酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae W5和休哈塔假丝酵母Candida shehatae 20335为亲本株,确定了双亲株原生质体灭活剂量,并进行原生质体融合获得融合子,用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定融合子以木糖、葡萄糖单碳源及混合碳源发酵时的乙醇得率。结果表明,获得一株发酵性能优良的融合子HDY2-14,其利用木糖和葡萄糖单碳源发酵的乙醇得率分别为0.213g/g和0.257g/g,混合碳源发酵的乙醇得率为0.310g/g,其中混合碳源乙醇得率比亲本株W5和20335的乙醇得率分别提高了20.2%和15.2%。     

陕西汉族人群12号染色体上7个STR基因座的遗传多态性分析

分析了中国汉族人群中12号染色体上7个短串联重复序列（short tandem repeat,STR）基因座的多态性。 采用荧光标记基因扫描对12号染色体上D12S1718、D12S1675、D12S358、D12S367、D12S1638、D12S1646和D12S1682基因座在80名陕西咸阳、榆林汉族人中的遗传多态性进行分析。结果在中国汉族人群中, D12S1718、D12S1675、D12S358、D12S367、D12S1638、D12S1646和D12S1682基因座分别检出7、10、8、8、6、9和11个等位基因,10、17、18、18、14、18和26个基因型,杂合度分别为44.28％、66.10％、78.89％、77.89％、73.69％、74.55％和82.39％。表明这7个STR基因座在中国人群中有较好的多态性,其基因型分布均符合Hard－Weinberg平衡（P>0.05）。     

An Approach to Further Enhance the Cellular Productivity of Exogenous Protein Hyper-producing Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells

The cell line D29, which was easily and rapidly established by the promoter-activated production and glutamine synthetase hybrid system, secreted recombinant human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) at a productivity rate of 39.5 μg 10⁻⁶ cells day⁻¹, one of the highest reported levels worldwide. The productivity rate was about 130-fold higher than that of the cell line A7, which was established without both promoter activation and gene amplification. Although D29 cells had a high copy number and high mRNA level of the hIL-6 gene as well as a high secretion rate of hIL-6, large amounts of intracellular hIL-6 protein accumulated in D29 cells compared to A7 cells. Northern blotting analysis showed no change in the GRP78/BiP expression level in D29 cells. In contrast, an electrophoresis mobility shift assay revealed strong activation of NF-κB in D29 cells. These results suggest that large amounts of hIL-6 translated from large amounts of hIL-6 mRNA cause excess accumulation of intact hIL-6 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and that subsequent negative feedback signals via the ER overload response inhibit hIL-6 protein secretion. To enhance the hIL-6 productivity rate of D29 cells by releasing the negative feedback signals, the effect of pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation, was examined. Suppression of NF-κB activation in D29 cells produced a 25% augmentation of the hIL-6 productivity rate. Therefore, in highly productive cells like D29 cells, the release of negative feedback signals could increase the total amount of recombinant protein secretion.     

Reconsideration of the Phylogenetic Positions of Five Peritrich Genera,Vorticella, Pseudovorticella,Zoothamnopsis, Zoothamnium,and Epicarchesium (Ciliophora,Peritrichia, Sessilida), Based on Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences

ABSTRACT. In order to re‐evaluate the systematics of sessilid peritrich ciliates, small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences were determined for 12 species belonging to five genera: Vorticella, Pseudovorticella, Epicarchesium, Zoothamnium, and Zoothamnopsis. Phylogenetic trees were deduced using Bayesian inference, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood methods. The phylogenetic analyses suggest that (1) sessilids which have stalks with continuous myonemes that contract in a zig‐zag fashion form a separate clade from those which have stalks that contract independently and in a spiral fashion, supporting the separation of the family Zoothamniidae from the family Vorticellidae and (2) Epicarchesium and Pseudovorticella, both of which have reticulate silverline systems, are more closely related to each other than to other vorticellids, suggesting that differences in the silverline system (i.e. transverse vs. reticulate) may be the result of genuine evolutionary divergence among sessilid peritrichs. However, the newly sequenced Zoothamnopsis sinica, which has a reticulate silverline pattern, nests within the unresolved Zoothamnium species that have transverse silverline patterns. Thus, there were at least two evolutions of the reticulate silverline pattern character state from a plesiomorphic transverse state in the peritrichid ciliates. The molecular work demonstrates the genus Zoothamnium to be paraphyletic in relation to morphological studies, and suggests that Astylozoon, Opisthonecta, and Vorticella microstoma possibly share a SSU rRNA secondary structure in the helix E10‐1 region.     

不同光强对加拿大一枝黄花生长和叶绿素荧光的影响

以外来入侵种加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)为研究对象,在4种光照强度处理下,对其光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光特性、比叶重、植株的生长特征和生物量分配等指标进行了测定分析.结果表明:(1)随着光照强度的减弱,加拿大一枝黄花叶片的Chla、Chlb和Chl(a b)均上升,Chla/Chlb下降,4种光强处理下叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、光系统Ⅱ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)日变化曲线相似,高光强下的Fo、ФPSⅡ和Fv/Fm均小于中、低和弱光强下的,这说明加拿大一枝黄花能适应较大的光强幅度,同时对低、弱光强有一定的抗逆性.(2)生长在高(RI为100%)、中(RI为60%)光强下的加拿大一枝黄花植株正常生长,生长于低(RI为20%)弱(RI为5%)光强下的植株生长不良,表现为植株矮小,茎秆细弱.中度的遮荫对它的生长没有明显影响,但在严重遮阴下生长受抑.(3)生长在高、中光强下的总生物量、地下部分生物量明显增多,低、弱光强处理下的叶生物量比显著增加.结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花在高、中光强下对生长最有利,能够适应较大幅度的光照变化,但在严重遮阴下生长明显受抑,说明该入侵植物不易入侵到密林等光照强度比较弱的生境.     

短梗五加的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称 短梗五加（Acanthopanaxses siliflorus Seem．）,又称刺拐棒、五加皮。 2材料类别 新萌发嫩枝。3培养条件基本培养基为MS。（1）腋芽诱导培养基：MS＋6．BA4．5mg．L。（单位下同）＋NAA0．2＋3％蔗糖;（2）继代增殖培养基：MS＋6．BA3．5＋NAA