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81.
NADIA BRUYNDONCKX ISABELLE HENRY PHILIPPE CHRISTE GERALD KERTH†‡ 《Molecular ecology》2009,18(17):3581-3592
Information about the population genetic structures of parasites is important for an understanding of parasite transmission pathways and ultimately the co-evolution with their hosts. If parasites cannot disperse independently of their hosts, a parasite's population structure will depend upon the host's spatial distribution. Geographical barriers affecting host dispersal can therefore lead to structured parasite populations. However, how the host's social system affects the genetic structure of parasite populations is largely unknown. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to describe the spatio-temporal population structure of a contact-transmitted parasitic wing mite ( Spinturnix bechsteini ) and compared it to that of its social host, the Bechstein's bat ( Myotis bechsteinii ). We observed no genetic differentiation between mites living on different bats within a colony. This suggests that mites can move freely among bats of the same colony. As expected in case of restricted inter-colony dispersal, we observed a strong genetic differentiation of mites among demographically isolated bat colonies. In contrast, we found a strong genetic turnover between years when we investigated the temporal variation of mite haplotypes within colonies. This can be explained with mite dispersal occuring between colonies and bottlenecks of mite populations within colonies. The observed absence of isolation by distance could be the result from genetic drift and/or from mites dispersing even between remote bat colonies, whose members may meet at mating sites in autumn or in hibernacula in winter. Our data show that the population structure of this parasitic wing mite is influenced by its own demography and the peculiar social system of its bat host. 相似文献
82.
LOUISE BACH JENSEN HILDE MUYLLE PAUL ARENS CLAUS H. ANDERSEN PREBEN BACH HOLM MARC GHESQUIERE BERNADETTE JULIER THOMAS LÜBBERSTEDT KLAUS K. NIELSEN JAN DE RIEK ISABEL ROLDN‐RUIZ NIELS ROULUND CHRIS TAYLOR BEN VOSMAN PHILIPPE BARRE 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(4):951-957
We report on the characterization and mapping of 76 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Lolium perenne. These markers are publicly available or obtained either from genomic libraries enriched for SSR motifs or L. perenne expressed sequence tag (EST) clones. Four L. perenne mapping populations were used to map the SSR markers. A consensus linkage map of the four mapping populations containing 65 of the SSR markers is presented, together with primer information and a quality score indicating the usefulness of the SSR marker in different populations. The SSR markers identified all seven L. perenne linkage groups. 相似文献
83.
The Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) supports large commercial fisheries in the northern Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea. Here we characterize 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from enriched genomic libraries. Loci were screened on a sample of 96 spawning adults. The average number of alleles per locus was 25.3 (range 12–44), with expected heterozygosities (HE) ranging from 0.54 to 0.97. No significant deviations of genotypic proportions from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium or linkage equilibrium were detected. These markers will be used in future studies of population structure and mixed stock analysis of this important gadid species. 相似文献
84.
HERV AVENOT ANITA DONGO NELLY BATAILL‐SIMONEAU BATRICE IACOMI‐ VASILESCU BRUNO HAMON DIDIER PELTIER PHILIPPE SIMONEAU 《Molecular ecology resources》2005,5(4):948-950
Twelve polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicicola, the causal agent of black spot of crucifers. An enrichment protocol was used to isolate microsatellite loci, which were then analysed in a collection of 46 isolates sampled from seven different countries. The number of alleles detected in 12 loci ranged from two to 10 (mean 3.5). Investigation of cross‐species amplifications showed that the designed primers were specific to A. brassicicola. 相似文献
85.
FRÉDÉRIC THÉVENARD GEORGES BARALE GAËTAN GUIGNARD VÉRONIQUE DAVIERO-GOMEZ BERNARD GOMEZ MARC PHILIPPE NICOLAS LABERT 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,149(3):313-332
This review of the genus Dichopteris De Zigno is based on the original fossil specimens collected from the Lower Jurassic of the Grey Limestones of Veneto (Northern Italy). The cuticular diagnosis of the genus is emended and only Dichopteris visianica De Zigno is retained within the genus. In addition, transverse and longitudinal sections of cuticles examined using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) indicate close similarities between D. visianica and other pteridosperm cuticles, especially the occurrence of granules arranged in areas of different densities in the epidermal cells and stomatal apparatus. Moreover, the dichotomy and the impressive size of the frond of D. visianica imply a specific architecture with a typical arrangement of the pinnae and pinnules. They preclude an herbaceous habit for the plant. Finally, architectural, microstructural and ultrastructural observations are consistent with palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental data, and most probably support an understorey habit for D. visianica . © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 149 , 313–332. 相似文献
86.
Variability in responses to thermal stress in parasitoids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
GAËLLE AMICE PHILIPPE VERNON YANNICK OUTREMAN JACQUES VAN ALPHEN JOAN VAN BAAREN 《Ecological Entomology》2008,33(6):701-708
Abstract 1. To study phenotypic effects of stress, a stress is applied to cohorts of organisms with an increasing intensity. In the absence of mortality the response of traits will be a decreasing function of stress intensity because of increasing physiological costs. We call such decreasing functions type A responses. 2. However, when stress caused mortality, some studies have found that for high stress intensities, survivors performed as well as control individuals (type B responses). We proposed that type A responses are caused by the physiological cost of stress whereas type B responses are caused by a mixture of physiological costs and selection. 3. The present study exposed Aphidius picipes wasps to an increasing duration of cold storage (cold stress), and obtained variable responses as predicted when both physiological costs and selection of resistant individuals determine the outcome. 4. When cold storage of parasitoids for biological control is desirable, research should be carried out to find (i) the temperature regime and duration of storage and (ii) the least sensitive stage for storage to minimise losses from mortality and reduction of fitness of survivors. 5. Selection by cold stress as observed in the present study could result in rapid adaptation of populations exposed to such stress. 相似文献
87.
FRÉDÉRIC LEGENDRE TONY ROBILLARD LAURE DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS MICHAEL F. WHITING PHILIPPE GRANDCOLAS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2008,94(4):853-867
A new method is proposed which uses transitions among acts in non-stereotyped behavioural sequences as phylogenetic characters. This method is derived from the event-pairing method designed for the phylogenetic study of developmental sequences and from ethological analyses of transition matrices. It is applied to study the phylogenetic relationships within a well-known group, the presocial Zetoborinae cockroaches. The analysis is carried out with three data sets: a behavioural data set with transitions among acts in behavioural dyadic sequences, together with morphological and molecular data sets. Non-stereotyped behaviour proved to be phylogenetically informative and to display low homoplasy. This new method opens an avenue for studying the evolution of behaviour in the framework of phylogenetic analysis, which was restricted until now to the study of stereotyped sequences and/or isolated features involved in courting or building activities. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 94 , 853–867. 相似文献
88.
ERIC GUILBERT LAURE DESUTTER-GRANDCOLAS PHILIPPE GRANDCOLAS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2008,93(1):71-80
Tingidae (Heteroptera: Insecta) exhibit cephalic tubercles that present a very diverse shape in larvae but that are much simpler in adults. A phylogeny based on adult and last instar characters showed that these tubercles evolved independently from simple to complex states in two clades, and reversed from complex to simple in some taxa. These homoplasies are analysed in the light of ontogenetic sequences and interpreted as heterochronic events. The general trend of evolution of the cephalic tubercles in Tingidae is in mosaic, and could be generally peramorphic, with some isolated cases of paedomorphosis. Journal compilation © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 93 , 71–80. No claim to original French government works. 相似文献
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