基于IBIS模型的1960-2006年中国陆地生态系统碳收支格局研究

定量评估区域陆地生态系统碳收支是生态系统与全球变化科学研究的重要科学问题之一。利用集成生物圈模型（IBIS）对中国陆地生态系统历史时期（1960-2006年）气候及CO₂浓度变化条件下碳收支时空变异特征和发展趋势进行了模拟分析。结果表明,1960-2006年间,中国陆地生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）总量水平约为2.46 GtC/a,总体呈上升趋势,在东南及西南地区最高,其次是长白山及大小兴安岭地区,西北内陆地区的净初级生产力水平最低;1960-2006年间,中国陆地生态系统净生态系统生产力（NEP）总量水平约为0.11 GtC/a,总体呈上升趋势,绝大部分区域表现为碳汇效应,大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长白山、东南地区及西南部分地区碳汇效应较强,西北内陆区表现出弱碳源效应,温带湿润区、高原温带区和高原寒带区碳汇效应呈显著上升趋势;中国11个气候区,NPP与降水均为正相关,除了中温带湿润区、寒温带湿润区、高原温带和高原寒带外,降水是限制植被生长的主要因子。除了高原寒带外,NEP同样表现出与降水的更强相关性,与气温的相关性较弱。经验证,IBIS模型对于中国陆地生态系统碳收支的模拟结果合理,可以为科学预测生态系统的固碳潜力和制定区域碳管理政策提供科学依据。     

Association between TNFA Gene Polymorphisms and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Meta-Analysis

Background

Several host genetic factors are thought to affect susceptibility to Helicobacter pylori infection-related diseases, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Previous studies have evaluated the association between TNFA gene polymorphisms and H. pylori infection, but the results were inconclusive. We conducted this meta-analysis to clarify the association between TNFA polymorphisms and H. pylori infection.

Methods

Published literature within PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were used in our meta-analysis. Data were analyzed with the Stata13.1 software package using pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 24 studies were included in our study. The TNFA -308G>A polymorphism was associated with decreasing H. pylori infection (AA vs. AG+GG, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97; AA vs. GG, OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43–0.97). A significantly decreased risk was also found for -1031T>C polymorphism (CC vs. CT+TT, OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84). -863C>A polymorphism was associated with increasing risk of H. pylori infection (AA+AC vs. CC, OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16–1.86; A allele vs. C allele, OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.14–1.72). There was no significant association between -857C>T polymorphism and H. pylori infection. When stratified analysis was conducted on H. pylori infection detection methods, -857C>T and -863C>A polymorphisms were associated with H. pylori infection for the non-ELISA subgroup. When stratified for ethnicity or study design, -863C>A significantly increased the risk and -1031T>C decreased the risk for the Asian subgroup and hospital-based subgroup.

Conclusion

Results of our meta-analysis demonstrate that TNFA -308G>A and -1031 T>C polymorphisms may be protective factors against H. pylori infection, and -863C>A may be a risk factor, especially in Asian populations. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate these results.     

Application of an efficient indole oxygenase system from Cupriavidus sp. SHE for indigo production

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Indigo, one of the most widely used dyes, is mainly produced by chemical processes, which generate amounts of pollutants and need high energy consumption....     

Crystal structure of human Gadd45 reveals an active dimer

The human Gadd45 protein family plays critical roles in DNA repair, negative growth control, genomic stability, cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. Here we report the crystal structure of human Gadd45, revealing a unique dimer formed via a bundle of four parallel helices, involving the most conserved residues among the Gadd45 isoforms. Mutational analysis of human Gadd45 identified a conserved, highly acidic patch in the central region of the dimer for interaction with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p21 and cdc2, suggesting that the parallel dimer is the active form for the interaction. Cellular assays indicate that: (1) dimerization of Gadd45 is necessary for apoptosis as well as growth inhibition, and that cell growth inhibition is caused by both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (2) a conserved and highly acidic patch on the dimer surface, including the important residues Glu87 and Asp89, is a putative interface for binding proteins related to the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. These results reveal the mechanism of self-association by Gadd45 proteins and the importance of this self-association for their biological function.     

棉酚对几种动物精子ATP酶抑制作用的比较研究

本文比较了棉酚对几种动物精子ATP酶的抑制作用。实验所测为精子细胞的总ATP酶活力;采用的棉酚浓度为10μM至80μM。20μM时精子酶的相对活力为海胆7604％,大鼠74％,家兔51.6％;40μM时酶的相对活力百分数下降至海胆52.5,大鼠35和家兔29.7;达80μM时酶的相对活力进一步下降至海胆26.7,而大鼠及家兔仅余13.2。结果表明(1)棉酚对精于ATP酶的抑制作用是依赖浓度的变化;(2)各种动物精子ATP酶活力的下降情况显示,大鼠及家兔(哺乳动物)精子ATP酶对棉酚的敏感性比海胆(无脊椎动物)要高些。这种差异性可能对棉酚在临床上的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Genome-wide comparative analysis of the codon usage patterns in plants

Codon usage analysis has been a classical area of study for decades and is important for evolution, mRNA translation, and new gene discovery. Recently, genome sequencing has made it possible to perform studies of the entire genome in plant kingdoms. The base composition of the coding sequence, codon usage pattern, codon pairs, and related indicators of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), including the Fop, Nc, RSCU, CAI and GC contents, were analyzed. We found that the GC content of single-celled algae is the highest, whereas dicotyledons are the lowest. Moreover, the base composition of plants is similar within the same family. In addition, the GC content of the second base of the codon is lower than the first and third base. In conclusion, the codon usage characteristics are opposite in Gramineae, single-celled algae, fern and dicotyledon, moss, and Pinaceae. Furthermore, the degree of codon usage bias is decreasing with evolution. Therefore, we hypothesize that the lower the plants, the more that they must optimize codons and that higher plants no longer need to optimize codons.     

中国广西十万大山八木蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科)

记述了广西跳蛛一新种：陈氏八木蛛Yaginumanis cheni sp.nov.。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所,量度单位nm。     

牛膝多糖抑制大肠埃希菌细胞粘附的实验研究

目的 :研究牛膝多糖能否影响大肠埃希菌对细胞的粘附。方法 :使用 Hela细胞进行了粘附试验及粘附抑制试验。结果 :发现牛膝多糖浓度为 0 .8mg/ml时 ,对细菌的细胞粘附抑制最为明显 ,粘附率由(2 5 7.0± 5 .2 )个细菌 /细胞 降低到 (63 .6± 3 .6)个细菌 /细胞 。结论 :牛膝多糖对大肠埃希菌的细胞粘附具有抑制作用 ,提示该多糖具有调节肠道微生态的潜在应用价值     

青藏高原东缘不同树种人工林对土壤酶活性及养分的影响

为评价不同树种人工林对土壤酶及养分的影响,选择立地条件和营林方式相同的4种人工林(连香树[CJ]、油松[PT]、落叶松[LK]和华山松[PA])为研究对象,以落叶灌丛(QC)为对照,比较不同树种人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤养分的变化。结果显示:(1)造林降低了土壤酸性磷酸酶、脱氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化氢酶活性,但人工造林后土壤脲酶活性增加;(2)造林也明显影响了土壤养分,与对照林地相比,除CJ人工林土壤中磷(P)略高外,造林地土壤有机碳(TOC)、氮(N)、水可提取有机碳(WEOC)和氮(WEON)、铵态氮(NH+4-N)和硝态氮(NO-3-N)均降低;(3)不同的人工林树种之间土壤养分及酶活性也存在一定的差异性,CJ和LK人工林土壤C、N、P及相关酶活性明显不同于PT和PA人工林;(4)土壤酶与养分变化有一定的相关性,除转化酶和多酚氧化酶反应较迟钝外,其它酶对环境反应较敏感。综合分析表明,在川西地区选择高密度单一树种造林并没有改善土壤养分和酶活性,在该地区选择落叶或阔叶树种造林可使土壤肥力恢复。     

刚毛柽柳液泡膜H~+-PPase基因的克隆与胁迫下的表达分析

通过对刚毛柽柳转录组分析,鉴定获得1个液泡膜H~+-PPase基因的cDNA序列,命名为ThVP1。该cDNA序列全长3 022bp,开放阅读框为2 298bp,编码765个氨基酸,编码蛋白相对分子质量80.37kD,理论等电点5.25。ThVP1编码蛋白的疏水性较强,含有13个跨膜区。氨基酸多序列比对结果显示,ThVP1具有典型的液泡膜H~+-PPase家族3个高度保守片段(CS1、CS2和CS3),与大豆VP1氨基酸序列一致性最高,为93%。系统进化分析表明,ThVP1属于I型液泡膜H~+-PPase基因。实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析显示,NaCl和PEG胁迫下,ThVP1在柽柳根和叶中均呈现明显上调表达,表达量最高达到对照的20.9倍,暗示ThVP1可能在刚毛柽柳抗旱耐盐过程中发挥重要作用。