适合免疫治疗的大鼠抗肾小球基底膜肾炎模型的建立

以线性表位肽P14（a3_127-148）作为抗原建立适合免疫治疗的抗肾小球基底膜（anti-glomerular basement membrane,GBM）病大鼠模型。采用大鼠后脚垫三点注射P14（a3_127-148）与弗氏佐剂乳化物的方法进行单次免疫,免疫前后每周采集24 h尿样和血样,所有大鼠在免疫后7 w处死。大鼠免疫后,肾炎模型组在各时间点的24 h尿蛋白、尿蛋白肌酐比值（albumin/urine creatinine ratio,ACR）、血肌酐及血尿素氮均明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;循环抗P14（a3_127-148）IgG抗体水平明显高于对照组(P<0.001);PAS染色可见节段性纤维素样坏死,富于细胞型新月体;免疫组化染色可见肾小球有明显的中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞浸润;免疫荧光检测可见IgG沿GBM呈强线性沉积;电镜观察到GBM的断裂和收缩;而对照组均未见改变。HE染色在所有大鼠中均未观察到肺部病变。使用P14（a3_127-148）线性肽免疫WKY大鼠成功建立了大鼠抗GBM病模型,有助于开发更为特异的免疫疗法。     

hPEBP4 resists TRAIL-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells by activating Akt and deactivating ERK1/2 pathways

The treatment options available for prostate cancer are limited because of its resistance to therapeutic agents. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the resistance of prostate cancer will facilitate the discovery of more efficient treatment protocols. Human phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4 (hPEBP4) is recently identified by us as an anti-apoptotic molecule and a potential candidate target for breast cancer treatment. Here we found the expression levels of hPEBP4 were positively correlated with the severity of clinical prostate cancer. Furthermore, hPEBP4 was not expressed in TRAIL-sensitive DU145 prostate cancer cells, but was highly expressed in TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells, which show highly activated Akt. Interestingly, hPEBP4 overexpression in TRAIL-sensitive DU145 cells promoted Akt activation but inhibited ERK1/2 activation. The hPEBP4-overexpressing DU145 cells became resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis consequently, which could be reversed by PI3K inhibitors. In contrast, silencing of hPEBP4 in TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells inhibited Akt activation but increased ERK1/2 activation, resulting in their sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis that was restored by the MEK1 inhibitor. Therefore, hPEBP4 expression in prostate cancer can activate Akt and deactivate ERK1/2 signaling, leading to TRAIL resistance. We also demonstrated that hPEBP4-mediated resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis occurred downstream of caspase-8 and at the level of BID cleavage via the regulation of Akt and ERK pathways, and that hPEBP4-regulated ERK deactivation was upstream of Akt activation in prostate cancer cells. Considering that hPEBP4 confers cellular resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and is abundantly expressed in poorly differentiated prostate cancer, silencing of hPEBP4 suggests a promising approach for prostate cancer treatment.     

Effect of Human WEE1 and Stem Cell Factor on Human CD34^＋ Umbilical Cord Blood Cell Damage Induced by Chemotherapeutic Agents

Myelosuppression is one of the major side-effects of most anticancer drugs. To achieve myeloprotection, one bicistronic vector encoding anti-apoptotic protein human WEE l （WEElHu） and proliferation-stimulating stem cell factor （SCF） was generated. In this study, we selected human umbilical cord blood CD34^＋ cells as the in vitro model in an attempt to investigate whether WEEIHu, rather than conventional drug-resistant genes, can be introduced to rescue cells from the damage by chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin-c and 5-fluorouracil. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assay, colony-forming units in culture assay and externalization of phospholipid phosphatidylserine analysis showed that the expression of WEElHu and SCF in CD34^＋ cells provided the cells with some protection. These findings suggest that the expression of WEElHu and SCF might rescue CD34^＋ cells from chemotherapyinduced myelosuppression.     

粉背含笑，云南东南部木兰科植物一新种

本新种与皱皮杜鹃(Rhododendron wiltonii Hemsl.et Wils.)相近似,区别在于前者叶较小,长6.8～8.0 cm,宽2.0～2.5 cm,叶表面平坦而不呈泡状突起,叶背密被一层黄色至锈红色毡毛,花5～6（～9）朵,较小,长约2.5 cm,易于区别。     

蒙古沙鼠脑缺血后大脑皮质Calretinin(CR)的表达变化

目的:观察蒙古沙鼠前脑短暂缺血后前额皮质Calretinin(CR)的表达变化,为进一步研究其功能及治疗提供形态学依据。方法:24只健康雄性长爪鼠随机分为正常组对照组(6只)和缺血组(18只),夹闭蒙古沙鼠双测颈总动脉10 min诱导前脑缺血后,动物分别存活1天、3天或7天。用免疫组织化学方法检测了前额皮质中CR的表达。结果:与正常组相比,各缺血组中前额皮质中CR表达均上调。缺血再灌1天时,CR表达最强(P＜0．01);3天时CR表达开始恢复(P＜0．05);7天时CR表达进一步恢复,但仍高于正常组(P＜0．01)。结论:前脑短暂缺血后可造成蒙古沙鼠前额皮质CR的表达在短时间内急剧上调;但随着时间的CR的表达会恢复正常。     

HBsAg空间结构与分子进化分析

目的:获得乙型肝炎表面抗原HBsAg的生物信息学资料。方法:从Genbank中获得HBsAg的核酸序列,用ExPaSy、EBI和NCBI网站的在线软件推导其编码氨基酸序列、理化性质、空间结构,并在Blastn比对后选择不同地理株进行分子进化进行分析。结果:HBsAg由226个氨基酸组成,分子量25777．6Da,等电点8．74,为亲水性蛋白质;信号肽位于1-29aa处,二级结构由-螺旋(18．14%)、延伸(25．66%)、随机线圈(56．19%)组成。中国与日本、冈比亚、德国、西班牙、墨西哥、荷兰、瑞典、泰国的HBsAg相似率依次为99%、94%、94%、94%、91%、89%、98%、98%、98%．。用不同地理株HBsAg核酸序列构建出的分子进化树中,中国和日本的聚成一簇。结论:通过对HBsAg的生物信息学分析获得该抗原特征,为进一步研究乙型肝炎的感染与发病机制、研制基因工程疫苗以及研究HBsAg新的功能域等提供依据。     

法尼酯X受体对肝脂酶表达的影响

目的:探讨法尼酯X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)对肝脂酶(hepatic lipase,HL)表达的影响。方法:用FXR激动剂CDCA作用人肝癌细胞株(HepG2),用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测HL的表达情况。结果:用不同浓度的CDCA(25μmol/L、50μmol/L、75μmol/L)分别作用HepG2细胞6h、12h、24h、48h后,HL的mRNA和蛋白质水平呈时间和剂量依赖性下调。结论:FXR激动剂可抑制肝脂酶的表达。     

黄连ISSR反应条件优化的研究

以黄连(味连,Coptis Chinensis Franch.)基因组DNA为模板,通过单因子、双因子实验研究了ISSR反应体系中主要成分（Mg²⁺、dNTP、引物、模板、Taq DNA聚合酶）以及热循环参数（退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间）对扩增结果的影响,并找出各自的最适条件,建立了适合黄连ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25μL反应体系中,内含1×PCR buffer、1.5mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺、200μmol·L^-1 dNTP、0.3 μmol·L^-1引物、40 ng模板、1 U TaqDNA聚合酶。扩增程序为94℃预变性5 min,然后进行35个循环：94℃变性30 s,（据不同引物的退火温度）复性1 min,72℃延伸1.5 min,循环结束后72℃延伸7 min,-4℃保存。这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行黄连鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序。     

玉米T型细胞质雄性不育系与相应保持系线粒体蛋白质组中的差异蛋白

利用固相pH3—10梯度双向凝胶电泳．对玉米T型细胞质雄性不育系（T—CMS）及其相应保持系叶片（苗期、拔节期、孕穗期）,胚轴,胚根和花药（花粉母细胞减数分裂期、花粉粒小孢子单-双核期）线粒体蛋白质组中的差异蛋白进行分析。PDQuest2D图像软件分析表明,苗期和拔节期叶片约有150个蛋白质斑点,胚轴和胚根中可识别出150个线粒体蛋白质斑点,花药中约有100个斑点。利用MALDI—TOF—MS方法．运用MASCOT软件于NCBI进行数据查询．对T—CMS与相应保持系中存在的差异蛋白进行归属鉴定,在T—CMS中存在,保持系中缺失的线粒体蛋白质有：r40cl protein（胚轴中）,mature anther—specific protein,DNA—directed RNA polymerase 23kD subunit．hexokinaseⅡ和T—CMS中缺失而在保持系中存在的有：glutathione S—transferase．putative protein。其中T—CMS与相应保持系间．线粒体蛋白质组呈现出差异的组织有胚轴、胚根和小孢子单-双核期的花药。叶片的不同发育时期线粒体蛋白质组呈现明显变化．但T—CMS与保持系间没有差异。在小孢子单-双核期（花粉败育期）的花药中,T—CMS与保持系间线粒体蛋白质组出现明显差异,线粒体蛋白质组出现变异的时期与花粉败育时期相一致。     

甘草腺毛的形态发生和组织化学研究

利用扫描电镜及薄切片技术对甘草的腺毛形态发生和发育过程进行了观察,并对腺毛发育过程中黄酮类成分积累进行了组织化学定位研究。结果表明：甘草腺毛为多细胞构成的盾状腺毛,有长柄和短柄2种类型;前者主要分布在花萼片上,而后者主要分布于叶片上。组化鉴定结果显示：腺毛中存在着黄酮类成分、其他亲脂类和非纤维素多糖类成分;在腺毛的发育过程中,黄酮类物质是随腺毛的发育成熟,在头部盘状结构的分泌细胞及角质层下腔中积累。研究结果对进一步探讨甘草叶中黄酮类成分的合成及其作用提供科学依据。