塔里木盆地西北缘核桃坚果生化成分多样性分析

该研究收集新疆塔里木盆地西北缘44份核桃资源,其中树龄超过50 a的实生资源41份、主栽良种3个,并对其主要生化成分蛋白质、糖、脂肪、氨基酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸进行了多样性分析。结果表明:44份资源的生化成分变异幅度大,存在着丰富的多样性。各指标变异幅度由4.93%~30.93%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.38~2.02。17种氨基酸变异幅度由10.07%~35.71%,香农-维纳指数(H')变幅为1.85~2.20。主要生化成分主成分分析显示蛋白质、糖、脂肪三个主要成分的累计贡献率达81.67%。聚类分析表明,群组间生化成分存在显著差异,群组的聚类与地理分布有明显相关性,流域相同的资源的生化成分构成比例具有相似性。与主栽品种相比,实生资源在糖、蛋白质、脂肪等方面具有更高的变异幅度,因而具有一定的开发潜力。     

蔚县盆地吉家庄旧石器遗址发掘报告

蔚县盆地地处泥河湾盆地(广义)东南部,其河湖相地层内保留丰富的早期人类活动信息,在研究中国北方更新世人类演化和生存行为领域具有重要意义。吉家庄遗址是近年来新发现和发掘的旧石器遗址,埋藏于吉家庄镇以北的河湖相地层内。遗址发现于2003年,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所于2016年对其四个地点(JJZ-A、JJZ-B、JJZ-C和JJZ-D)进行考古发掘,揭露面积76m~2,出土190件石质标本和178件动物化石。遗址剖面堆积物以棕灰-棕黄-灰绿-灰黑色细砂、粉砂和黏土为主,文化遗物出自棕灰色-棕黄色细砂和粉砂层内。对代表性地点JJZ-B遗址成因(标本风化磨蚀状况、个体大小和空间聚集特征等)分析表明,遗址形成过程中仅受到湖泊片流改造且程度较弱。石制品原料均来自遗址东北约6km外的玉皇山,岩性以中基性火山岩为主。锤击法剥片和修理石器,剥片和修理相对较为彻底和精致,部分石片显示小台面且保留唇的特点,显示早期人类的石器技术相对泥河湾盆地早更新世模式1(Oldowan-like)工业较为进步。哺乳动物化石较破碎,地层对比显示古人类在该遗址活动的时间大致为中更新世。该遗址的发掘对研究古人类在蔚县盆地的生活方式以及探求泥河湾盆地古人类在早-中更新世石器技术演变及适应策略具有重要意义。     

Arrestins家族：一类在G蛋白偶联受体的信号传导中起关键作用的蛋白质

对Arrestins家族的研究是当今生物学中信号传导研究领域的热点之一。Arrestins可以作用于G蛋白偶联受体，使受体与下游的G蛋白解偶联；并充当受体与笼形蛋白的接头，促进衣被蛋白介导的受体内吞；在受体内吞过程中，Arrestins、受体和c-Src激酶共同起始MAPK信号传导途径。本综述概括了近年来Arrestins研究的最新进展，包括其分类、主要蛋白功能结构域、基因定位和在G蛋白偶联受体信号传导中的地位与作用。     

玉米潜在花粉源强计算模型的建立、改进与检验

潜在花粉源强是玉米花粉扩散模型的重要参数。为了确定玉米潜在花粉源强,本研究测定了逐日散粉量和逐时开花率,以此来确定逐时散粉量,作为模型中潜在花粉源强的输入值。以2009年溧水试验资料为基础,应用正态分布函数模拟逐时散粉量的日变化,通过气温和相对湿度参数订正逐时散粉量;利用2010年公主岭和溧水试验资料对玉米潜在花粉源强的正态分布模型进行检验。结果表明:公主岭试验中的"紫糯18"、"吉单35"和溧水试验中的"紫糯18"、"苏608"的逐时散粉量的模拟值与实测值之间的均方根误差分别为2.24×105、1.52×105、1.24×105和8.92×104粒·株-1,决定系数分别为0.330、0.545、0.365和0.606。利用相同的数据检验气温和相对湿度订正后的模型,各品种逐时散粉量的模拟值与实测值之间的均方根误差分别减少至1.25×105、9.03×104、5.14×104和4.22×104粒·株-1,决定系数则分别提高至0.656、0.718、0.779和0.843;模型效果明显改善,从而为进一步精确模拟玉米花粉扩散奠定基础。     

短时高温对加州新小绥螨发育的影响

为了探究高温逆境条件下加州新小绥螨的生存特性对其种群发育的影响,利用短时高温刺激试验,研究加州新小绥螨卵、幼螨、雌成螨在35、38、42、45 ℃等4个温度下、处理1～8 h后的孵化率、存活率、后期发育历期及繁殖的影响.结果表明: 处理温度越高,时间越长,卵和幼螨的存活率越低,其后续发育历期随处理温度升高和时间增加先缩短后延长.当温度为38 ℃,处理8 h后,卵的后续发育历期最短,为4.1 d.卵在45 ℃下处理2 h以上将不能正常孵化,而幼螨在45 ℃下处理8 h后不能存活;雌成螨产卵期和产卵量基本随温度升高先增加后降低,35 ℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量最高,为38.9粒;38 ℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量为36.7粒;45 ℃处理8 h后,单雌产卵量仅为14.5粒.短时高温主要影响加州新小绥螨的孵化率、存活率和后续发育历期,对雌成螨的产卵前期和存活率影响较小.     

甲硫氨基酸对亚热带森林土壤硝化作用和N2O排放的影响

为探讨甲硫氨基酸对亚热带红壤硝化作用和N₂O排放的影响,选择福建省建瓯市万木林保护区的山地红壤为研究对象,在土壤饱和持水量(WHC)60%和90%的条件下,开展室内培养试验.试验分为对照(CK)、添加甲硫氨基酸(M)、甲硫氨基酸和硫酸铵(MA)、甲硫氨基酸和亚硝酸钠(MN)、甲硫氨基酸和葡萄糖(MC)5个处理.结果表明: 与对照相比,M处理使土壤NH₄⁺-N平均含量显著提高0.8%～61.3%,而NO₃^--N含量显著降低13.2%～40.7%;60%WHC条件下,MC处理土壤NO₂^--N含量高于M处理,MA、MN处理NO₃^--N含量高于M处理,且MN处理高于MA处理,M处理于试验后期最低,表明甲硫氨基酸抑制了硝化作用的亚硝化过程.碳添加处理使甲硫氨基酸在一定程度上降低NH₄⁺-N含量,抑制了土壤自养硝化,并且甲硫氨基酸和碳源共同作用下NO₃^--N含量变化与土壤水分条件有关,在90%WHC条件下,碳加入后反硝化作用更明显;而NO₃^--N含量降低不足以表明是异养硝化受到抑制所致.甲硫氨基酸在一定程度上促进土壤N₂O的释放,90%WHC条件下较60%WHC条件下释放量更大,且葡萄糖添加的促进效果更明显.     

浅部真菌病病原酵母菌构成调查及药敏研究

目的了解本地区浅部真菌病病原酵母菌感染菌种的构成及其耐药性特点,为临床提供病原学诊断和合理使用抗真菌药物的依据。方法采用改良沙氏培养基对1354份临床标本进行酵母菌培养和菌株分离,用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC鉴定卡对所分离的酵母菌进行鉴定,用ROSCO纸片扩散法检测分离菌株对6种常见抗真菌药物的耐药性。结果共分离出10种219株酵母菌,甲真菌病检出率最高(43.80%),其次是股癣(16.70%)、体癣(13.00%)、足癣(11.11%),手癣最低(9.40%)。其中白念珠菌为63.47%;近平滑念珠菌为17.81%;热带念珠菌为6.85%;季也蒙念珠菌为5.94%;无名念珠菌为2.28%,其他酵母菌为3.65%。219株酵母菌对特比萘芬(TBE)、伊曲康唑(ITC)、氟康唑(FLC)、制霉菌素(NYS)、咪康唑(MIC)和酮康唑(KTC)的敏感性分别为53.42%、87.21%、97.26%、100%、80.35%和100%,耐药性分别为20.55%、11.11%、2.28%、0.0、12.72%和0.0。结论本地区浅部真菌病酵母菌感染菌谱以白念珠菌为主,其次是近平滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌,体外药敏显示对制霉菌素、酮康唑和氟康唑有很好的敏感性,对特比萘芬、伊曲康唑和咪康唑产生了较高的耐药性。     

凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群遗传多样性在时间尺度上变化的cpSSR分析

应用叶绿体微卫星（cpSSR）技术对凉水国家自然保护区天然红松种群的遗传多样性在时间尺度上的变化进行了遗传分析。共选择121个树龄在1 581~1 900年间的红松个体,连续分为6个龄级。从6对叶绿体SSR引物筛选出两对引物,共检测到7个位点,其中多态位点5个,多态位点比率为71.43%。利用POPGENE分析软件计算了红松各龄级内的遗传多样性指数,分析了遗传多样性在红松各龄级间的变化。研究结果表明,凉水保护区内的红松遗传多样性在这320年间没有发生太大的波动,龄级间遗传多样性分化不明显,红松遗传多样性主要存在于龄级内。     

Role of calcium mobilization in the regulation of spontaneous transient outward currents in porcine coronary artery myocytes

The purpose of the present study was to further study the characteristics and regulation of spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in freshly isolated porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). STOCs were recorded using the perforated whole-cell patch-clamp configuration. STOCs were voltage-dependent and superimposed stochastically onto whole-cell Ca2 -activated-K (BKCa) currents. Charybdotoxin (ChTX, 200 nmol/L), a selective blocker of BKCa channels, completely inhibited STOCs within 10 min. STOCs activity was greatly suppressed when extracellular Ca2 concentration decreased from 1.8 mmol/L to 200 nmol/L, further removal of Ca2 abolished STOCs activity. Ca2 ionophore A23187 (10 μmol/L) increased STOCs activity significantly. Verapamil (20 μmol/L) and CdCl2 (200 μmol/L), two kinds of organic L-type voltage-dependent Ca2 channels (L-VDCCs) antagonists, had little effect on STOCs. In addition, the ryanodine receptors (RyRs) agonist caffeine (5 mmol/L) significantly activated STOCs. Application of ryanodine (50 μmol/L) to block RyRs abolished STOCs, subsequent washout of ryanodine or application of caffeine failed to reproduce STOCs activity. Inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) by 2APB (40 μmol/L) greatly suppressed the activity of STOCs, application of caffeine (5 mmol/L) in the presence of 2APB caused a burst of outward currents followed by inhibition of STOCs. These results suggest that STOCs in porcine coronary ASMCs are mediated by BKCa channels. Extracellular Ca2 is essential for STOCs activity, while Ca2 entry through L-VDCCs has little effect on STOCs. Intracellular Ca2 release induced by RyRs is responsible for the regulation of STOCs, whereas IP3Rs might also be involved.     

Full-thickness tissue engineered skin constructed with autogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

To explore the feasibility of repairing clinical cutaneous deficiency, autogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were isolated and differentiated into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro supplemented with different inducing factors and biomaterials to construct functional tissueengineered skin. The results showed that after 72 h induction, BMSCs displayed morphologic changes such as typical epidermal cell arrangement, from spindle shape to round or oval; tonofibrils, melanosomes and keratohyaline granules were observed under a transmission electronic microscope. The differentiated cells expressed epidermal stem cell surface marker CK19 (59.66% ± 4.2%) and epidermal cells differentiation marker CK10. In addition, the induced epidermal cells acquired the anti-radiation capacity featured by lowered apoptosis following exposure to UVB. On the other hand, the collagen microfibrils deposition was noticed under a transmission electronic microscope after differentiating into dermis fibroblasts; RT-PCR identified collagen type I mRNA expression in differentiated cells; radioimmunoassay detected the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) (up to 115.06 pg/mL and 0.84 ng/mL, respectively). Further in vivo implanting BMSCs with scaffold material shortened skin wound repair significantly. In one word, autogenic BMSCs have the potential to differentiate into epidermal cells and fibroblasts in vitro, and show clinical feasibility acting as epidermis-like and dermis-like seed cells in skin engineering. Supported by the Major Technology Program of Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (Grant No. H060920050130) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB522702)