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51.
Diurnal Cycling in Root Resistance to Water Movement 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The occurrence of diurnal changes in root resistance of cotton was studied by measuring the flow of water through 35-to70-day-old root systems under a pressure of 3.10 bars or a vacuum of 0.88 bar. The volume of exudate obtained under constant pressure or constant vacuum was 2 to 3 times greater near midday than near midnight indicating that the root resistance apparently was 2 to 3 times greater at night than during the day. The salt concentration of the exudate also cycled; the concentration was lowest at midday and highest at night, hence there was little diurnal variation in the total amount of salt moved per hour. The cycle for volume of exduate, salt concentration, and apparent root resistance had a period of 22 to 26 hours at 24°C. The cycle gradually died away 2 to 3 days after removal of the shoots. The diurnal variations appeared to be controlled by signals from the shoots because the phase of the cycles could be reset by changing the light-dark cycle under which the plants were grown. Cycling was eliminated by exposure to 8 or more days of continuous light before removing the shoots, and cycling could not be entrained by a 6 hour light-6hour dark cycle. Bubbling nitrogen gas through the nutrient medium stopped cycling. A possible role of ion or growth regulator action is discussed. 相似文献
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PAUL ADAM 《Austral ecology》2013,38(5):e1-e1
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RITA COLÓN-URBAN PAUL J. CHEUNG GEORGE D. RUGGIERI ROSS F. NIGRELLI 《Invertebrate reproduction & development.》2013,57(4):245-252
Thirty-two pedunculate barnacles, O. a. geryonophila, were maintained in culture for a period of 2 yr in the laboratory. These barnacles were obtained from the pleopods and mouth parts of the giant marine isopod, Bathynomus giganteus, which had been collected, at a depth of 200 fathoms, in the Gulf of Mexico. The carina, scutum, mandible and maxilla of adult barnacles were typical of deep water species. However, the tergum and labrum were intermediate between those of shallow and deep water species. Adults 3.1–4.1 mm in length were cultured in sea water (15–19°C), and fed on benthic copepods such as Tisbe furcata and Laophonte sp. Three broods of nauplii from 8 barnacles were obtained in 2 yr. Larvae were reared on plankton collected from Coney Island waters in which nauplii reached Stage IV in 10–14 days at 16°C. Isochrysis galbana and Thalassiosira pseudonana individually or in combination maintained nauplii to Stage IV, but with very high mortality. The lack of spines on the carapace edge of the nauplii distinguishes this deep water species from the shallow water form, O. mulleri. 相似文献
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PAUL EGGLETON ROBERT BELSHAW 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1993,48(3):213-226
We consider differences between dipteran, hymenopteran and coleopteran parasitoids in the following categories: taxonomic range and developmental stage of hosts attacked; habitats they are attacked in; developmental stage of the parasitoid contacting the host; occurrence of phoresy, and attacking hosts during flight. Using existing phylogenetic classifications we reconstruct possible ancestral conditions to the parasitoid clades in the three orders. By considering these as phylogenetic constraints and potentialities we attempt to account for the observed differences between the parasitoids within the orders. 相似文献
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Dual and simultaneous sensitivity analysis for matched pairs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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MAHMOUD R. HEMAMI† REW R. WATKINSON† ROBIN M. A. GILL‡ PAUL M. DOLMAN† 《Mammal Review》2007,37(3):246-254
- 1 Managing the conservation impacts of deer requires knowledge of their numbers. However, estimating densities in forested areas is problematic, with pellet‐group‐based methods subject to error and uncertainty in estimating defecation and decay rates in addition to sampling variance. Use of thermal imaging equipment allows direct census by distance sampling.
- 2 Densities of introduced Chinese muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer Capreolus capreolus were estimated in 12.8 km2 of conifer forest in eastern England by thermal imaging distance transects. Estimated density of introduced muntjac (±95% confidence intervals [CI]: 20 ± 8 km−2) exceeded that of native roe deer (16 ± 6 km−2); 95% CI of c. 40% were achieved in 10 days of fieldwork.
- 3 Density estimates were not sensitive to the number of width bands applied during analysis. Detectability functions differed, with narrower effective strip widths (ESW) for muntjac (74 m) than roe deer (123 m). Thus, it is important to discriminate between species when censusing mixed assemblages. Detectability and ESW also differed among plantation growth stages. Stratification by habitat may therefore improve accuracy of density estimates but would require additional survey effort.
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