Construction of a cucumber genetic linkage map with SRAP markers and location of the genes for lateral branch traits

Using SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers a genetic linkage map of cucumber was constructed with a population consisting of 138 F₂ individuals derived from a cross of the two cucumber lines, S06 and S52. In the survey of parental polymorphisms with 182 primer combinations, 64 polymorphism-revealing primer pairs were screened out, which generated totally 108 polymorphic bands with an average of 1.7 bands per primer pair and at most 6 bands from one primer pair. The constructed molecular linkage map included 92 loci, distributed in seven linkage groups and spanning 1164.2 cM in length with an average genetic distance of 12.6 cM between two neighboring loci. Based on this linkage map, the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the lateral branch number (lbn) and the lateral branch average length (lbl) in cucumber were identified by QTLMapper1.6. A major QTL lbn1 located between ME11SA4B and ME5EM5 in LG2 could explain 10.63% of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S06. A major QTL lbl1 located between DC1OD3 and DC1EM14 in LG2 could account for 10.38% of the total variation with its positively effecting allele from S₀₆.     

Origins of polyploids: an example from peonies (Paeonia) and a model for angiosperms

The majority of tetraploid peonies are allopolyploids derived from crosses between phylogenetically distinct diploid lineages. Tetraploid Paeonia obovata was previously considered to be an autopolyploid because it is morphologically indistinguishable from the diploid of the same species. The presence of the Adh2 gene in tetraploid P. obovata but the inability to amplify the Adh2 gene from Chinese diploids of P. obovata, however, suggests that the tetraploid was not an autotetraploid derivative of the geographically adjacent diploid populations in China. The Adh gene phylogenies rather suggest that the tetraploid originated from crosses between two geographical races of diploid P. obovata distributed in China and Japan. The intermediate status of tetraploid P. obovata between auto‐ and allopolyploidy highlights the need for population genetic analyses of polyploid origins along the continuous range of genomic divergence. Here we present a model that describes the probabilities of polyploid formation and establishment as a function of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid formation (P_f) is obtained from the multiplication of the probability of production of unreduced gametes (P_g) and the probability of ‘hybridization’ (P_h). P_f stays relatively stable when the genomic divergence is low, and then decreases progressively rapidly with the increase of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid establishment (P_e), which depends on the rate of appearance of stable beneficial gene combinations and the rate of fertility restoration, is positively correlated with the genomic divergence of diploid parents. Multiplication of P_f and P_e gives an overall probability of polyploid origins (P_o) that varies continuously along the genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 82 , 561–571.     

天山雪莲sikFBA1基因克隆定位及表达分析

果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶FBA家族(fructose-l,6-bisphosphate aldolase)在植物响应逆境调控中具有重要的意义。该研究基于天山雪莲低温转录组研究,采用RT-PCR方法克隆了1个sikFBA1基因,ORF长度为1 077bp,共编码358个氨基酸,含有1个保守的Glycolytic结构域,具有典型的FBA家族特征。系统进化分析发现,sikFBA1蛋白分类上属于Ⅰ型FBA,与来自四叶参(Codonopsis lanceolata)的同源蛋白亲缘关系最近。亚细胞定位结果表明,sikFBA1蛋白定位于细胞质,属于胞质型同工酶,与预测一致。实时定量PCR结果显示,天山雪莲经过不同低温(4℃/-2℃)处理,sikFBA1基因的表达水平整体下调,但该基因在冷胁迫与冰冻胁迫、冷驯化与非冷驯化下呈现出不同的表达模式。研究表明,sikFBA1基因参与了天山雪莲低温胁迫的响应。     

Desorption of Nitroaromatic Compounds From Explosive-contaminated Soil by Washing

The soil contaminated by explosive production wastewater was treated by washing using water as solvent. The effect of contact time and temperature, water/soil ratio and washing steps on desorption efficiency was investigated. Six kinetic models—parabolic diffusion model, zero-order equation, pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, power function equation and Elovich equation—were used to study the desorption kinetics of nitroaromatic compounds from contaminated soil to water. The eluent of contaminated soil before and after washing was characterized by UV–vis analysis. The results showed that the removal rate was fast at the initial stage and then slowed down after 60 min. The desorption of contaminants from soil to water is endothermic. Washing with small quantities of water in high frequency is preferred when water volume is limited. The pseudo-second-order model can be used to describe the desorption process. Soil washing can remove most of the contaminants from the contaminated soil.     

褐飞虱丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因Nlserpin4的克隆及表达模式分析

摘要: 【目的】克隆和分析褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂基因Nlserpin4,并探明其时空表达谱和病原真菌诱导表达模式。【方法】基于褐飞虱转录组和全基因组序列数据,利用PCR技术克隆得到褐飞虱Nlserpin4基因的全长cDNA序列;利用生物信息学手段分析其核苷酸和蛋白质序列特征;通过qRT-PCR技术检测其在褐飞虱不同发育时期(卵、1-5龄若虫和初羽化雌雄成虫)和5龄若虫不同组织(脂肪体、肠道、血淋巴和剩余虫体)中的时空表达谱,以及金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae注射感染褐飞虱5龄若虫不同时间后的诱导表达模式。【结果】克隆获得褐飞虱Nlserpin4基因全长cDNA序列(GenBank登录号: MN822802),其开放阅读框长1 227 bp,编码408个氨基酸,蛋白的相对分子质量和等电点分别为45.91 kD和6.23。氨基酸序列分析表明,Nlserpin4蛋白无糖基化位点,N端包含一段由23个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,C端具有serpin蛋白家族典型的RCL区,且含有能被靶标蛋白酶识别的活性裂解位点。系统发育分析表明,Nlserpin4与半翅目其他昆虫的serpin亲缘关系较近,其中与蔗黄伪毛蚜Sipha flava serpin4的亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析表明,Nlserpin4基因表达具有明显的时空特异性,其在成虫中的表达量显著高于在其他龄期的,且在雄成虫中表达量最高;Nlserpin4基因在褐飞虱5龄若虫脂肪体、肠道、血淋巴和剩余虫体中均有表达,且在剩余虫体组织中表达量最高;病原真菌金龟子绿僵菌诱导48 h内Nlserpin4表达量均显著下调,但随着诱导时间的增加,Nlserpin4表达量呈回升趋势。【结论】褐飞虱Nlserpin4基因在褐飞虱不同发育阶段、不同组织以及病原真菌金龟子绿僵菌诱导不同时间下差异表达。研究结果为深入研究Nlserpin4在褐飞虱生长发育和免疫调节中的功能奠定了基础。     

应用噬菌体展示技术筛选人巨细胞病毒糖蛋白M新的中和抗原表位

人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)糖蛋白复合物Ⅱ包括两种蛋白,即糖蛋白M(gM)和糖蛋白N(gN)．尽管来自于HCMV阳性病人血清中的糖蛋白复合物Ⅱ的IgG抗体能够中和HCMV粒子,但迄今为止,还没有gM中和性抗原表位的相关研究．应用消减杂交技术,通过噬菌体肽库筛选获得gM抗原的一个表位,即MAD．MAD氨基酸序列与gM第32～38位序列高度同源．将MAD与钥孔血蓝蛋白偶联免疫小鼠可产生抗MAD多抗,该多抗不仅结合天然HCMV病毒粒子,而且特异结合重组表达的gM30～78多肽．ELISA结果表明MAD能够特异结合HCMV阳性的病人血清．病毒中和实验结果进一步证明抗MAD多抗能够抑制HCMV AD169株病毒感染人胚肺细胞．总之,MAD表位有可能成为HCMV病毒疫苗潜在的保护性抗原.     

齐墩果酸氧化产物的成分研究

以齐墩果酸为原料,分别用高锰酸钾和SeO2/H2O2(30%)进行氧化。从产物中分离得到3个化合物,经1H NMR、13C NMR、2D-NMR、MS等波谱分析,分别鉴定为3,11-二羰基-12,17-二烯-28-去甲基齐墩果烷(1)、3β-羟基-11-烯-13,28-内酯-齐墩果烷(2)和3α,12β,13α-三羟基-28-羧基齐墩果烷(3),收率依次是4.5%、6.4%、2%,其中化合物1和3为新化合物。     

Flap endonuclease 1 Facilitated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Enhancing USP7/MDM2-mediated P53 Inactivation

Overexpression of Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) has been previously implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while its expression features and mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened in HCC tissues and normal liver tissues in 4 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. FEN1, one of the hub co-overexpressed genes, was further determined overexpressed in HCC tissues in TCGA, local HCC cohorts, and hepatocarcinogenesis model. In addition, high expression of FEN1 indicated poor prognosis of HCC patients. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays demonstrated that FEN1 enhanced the proliferation, cell cycle phage transition, migration/ invasion, therapy resistance, xenograft growth, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of HCC cells. Mechanically, FEN1 could inactivate P53 signaling by preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) via recruiting ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Interfering USP7 with {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"P22077","term_id":"134707","term_text":"P22077"}}P22077 significantly reversed the malignant phenotypes activated by FEN1. In conclusion, this study suggests FEN1 as a robust prognostic biomarker and potential target for HCC.