应用意愿价值评估法评价河流生态恢复的时间稳定性——以上海城市内河为例

意愿价值评估法 (CVM)的评估结果是否具有时间稳定性是其可靠性检验中的重要问题,决定其能否应用于我国的生态系统服务价值评估.本文以上海城市内河生态恢复为评估对象,设计相隔1个月和2年的3次意愿价值评估方案,分别对3次调查的426、498和200份问卷进行了对比分析.结果表明： 3次支付意愿均值分别为14.2、14.1和18.0元,中位数分别为5、5和10元.进一步对支付意愿分布和主要统计值、影响因素、模型时间变量的显著性分析结果表明,相隔1个月的CVM 结果具有时间上的稳定性,而相隔2年的CVM 结果表现出一定差异.     

细胞离子在振荡电磁场作用下的受力模型分析

本文通过生物细胞模型,研究振荡电场、振荡磁场以及振荡磁场产生的感应电场对细胞离子的作用机理。模型分析结果表明,电场力和罗仑兹力对细胞膜两侧的自由离子将产生加速度,振荡离子将产生周期性电位移。该模型同时也解释了脉冲电磁场比同参教的连续场产生更多的生物效应,以及连续场在开始施加和切除时的效应最大。     

Differences in Variation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Sequences from Henan and Shanghai Regions of China

Illegally paid blood donation was a risk factor for HIV acquisition exclusively in Henan and Hubei Provinces of China,and not in Shanghai.Nucleotide sequences in the gag and env genes of HIV-1 were compared between isolates from Henan and Shanghai regions of China to test whether an expected higher degree of a common source of infections from this unique blood donation transmission risk would be evident as decreased variation among Henan isolates in an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.Among 38 isolates studied,23 of 23(100%)from Henan and 8 of 15(54%)from Shanghai were subtype B.In addition,fewer sequence differences were found in gp41 of subtype B isolates from Henan than from Shanghai isolates.Further studies with additional controls are therefore warranted to confirm the role of the degree of a common source of infections in differences in HIV variation across populations.     

丁酸对体外培养的人鼻咽癌上皮细胞的影响

无论是自发的、病毒引起的或致癌物诱发的恶性转化的哺乳类细胞的体外培养,其形态多发生改变,总是变得近似圆形,边缘突起短而少,细胞致密和折光性强,同时失去生长接触抑制,降低细胞与细胞之间和细胞与生长底物之间的粘着性等特性。近年报道了关于短链脂肪酸如丁酸(或丁酸钠)对细胞能产生明显的影响,能抑制培养细胞的分裂,可诱发一些上皮性细胞产生形态的改变,可使转化的细胞     

以松毛虫为基质培养的冬虫夏草菌丝体中多糖的提取研究

研究了不同方法对冬虫夏草发酵菌丝体（以枯叶蛾科昆虫马尾松毛虫为基质发酵所得）中多糖提取的影响。结果表明,采用微波辅助水提法所得多糖的产率最高,影响提取的关键因素为液料比、微波提取时间、微波功率;采用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法对这3个因素进行优化,并通过回归拟合,建立了预测虫草多糖提取的多项式模型Y=6.87+0.058A+0.085B+0.075C+0.032AB+0.046AC+0.069BC-0.16A²-0.37B²-0.11C²。经响应面最优化分析,获得冬虫夏草发酵菌丝体中多糖的最优提取工艺参数为：液料比（mL/g）6.3:1、微波功率520W、微波提取时间326s,此工艺提取验证后的提取率达到6.76%。     

Study on Population Genetic Structure in Castanopsis fargesii with Microsatellite Markers

Genetic structure of four populations in Castanopsis fargesii Franch. in Fujian Province was studied with microsatellite (SSR) markers. A high level of genetic variation was detected in the populations of C. fargesii by using SSR with A=9.0, Ne=4.8, He=0.65 and the population differentiation coefficient ( Fst ) was only 0.031. The distributions of alleles of all loci were significantly different among the populations of C. fargesii , and the population differentiation could be found according to the distributions of SSR alleles. Some rare alleles in the populations of C. fargesii were revealed by SSR: Fifteen of 54 alleles appeared in one or two populations with lower frequencies; conservation of these rare alleles is of great importance.     

以胞质分裂阻滞法研究女性年龄与体细胞中 21号染色体分离异常的关系

21三体是人类最常见的先天性疾病,约95%患儿的超数21号染色体来源于母亲,且随母龄增加患儿出生率也随之增加。本文首次运用胞质分裂阻滞法(CB法)对不同年龄女性体细胞进行荧光原位杂交,对其21号染色体的分离情况进行分析。结果表明,随年龄的增加,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离也随之增加,但21号染色体丢失无年龄效应, 且21号染色体不分离频率远高于其丢失。该结果表明,女性体细胞中21号染色体不分离与生殖细胞同样存在年龄效应。 Abstract　　Trisomy 21 is the most common genetic desease in human. More than 90% is derived from mother. With the advancing of mother's age, the frequency of trisomy 21 is increasing. We detected the relation between chromosome 21 missegregation and age in cytokinesis-blocked female lymphocytes by　in situ　hybridization with chromosome 21 specfic probe. We have found that the age effect also exists in female somatic cells as in gamets.     

氧氟沙星在鲤体内的药物动力学和残留研究

氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin)是氟喹诺酮类药物之一, 由日本第一制药株式会社于1982 年开发的, 由于分子的基本结构中引入了疏水性的氟原子及亲水性的哌嗪环, 其抗菌活性得到了增强、细菌耐药性大大降低。       

牛α1-AT基因5’侧翼区新SNPS的鉴定及其与产奶性状的相关性

以中国荷斯坦奶牛(Chinese Holstein dairy cattle)为对象,以α1 抗胰蛋白酶基因(α1-AT)为候选基因,扩增5′侧翼区668 bp和999 bp的片段并进行测序.首次发现,在+3 142 bp处P1和+4 408 bp处P2分别发生C-T、T-C突变.随后采用PCR-RFLP方法对随机采自6个牛场,共计294头牛进行了检测,遗传变异和产奶性状分析结果显示：2个位点的等位基因在群体中都有分布,且处于中度多态.P1位点A和B等位基因的频率分别为50.34%和49.66%; AA、AB和BB基因型频率分别为23.81%、53.06%和23.13%;P2位点E和F等位基因的频率分别为30.61%和69.39%, EE、EF和FF基因型频率分别为11.90%、37.41%和50.68%. χ2适合性检验表明,该群体在P1位点的突变达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P>0.05）,在P2位点未达到平衡.基因与产奶性状关联分析表明,AB基因型个体产奶量与脂蛋比显著高于AA基因型个体(P＜0.05);FF基因型个体乳蛋白率显著高于EF基因型个体(P＜0.05);9种单倍型组合与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数、产奶量及脂蛋比均存在不同程度相关性.     

澳门青洲山翻白叶树群落特征及物种多样性研究

根据样方调查结果,对澳门青洲山翻白叶树(Pterospermum heterophyllum)群落的种类组成、外貌、结构特征与动态及物种多样性进行分析.结果表明:(1)在1 600 m2样地中,有维管束植物47种,隶属于29科44属;对乔木层和灌木层主要物种的重要值以及频度分析结果显示,该群落是以翻白叶树为主的单优种群落,群落种类组成多样性和水平分布不均匀,其外貌终年常绿;对优势种种群的年龄结构分析显示,该种群处于增长状态;(2)整个群落的物种丰富度Margalef指数为13.72,Shannon-Wiener指数为1.15,Simpson指数为0.875,均匀度指数为0.34,该群落的层次格局为:灌木层>藤本层>乔木层>草本层;(3) 与其他5个不同类型地区森林群的物种多样性比较结果显示,澳门翻白叶树群落的物种多样性明显低于其他5个森林群落.