TY21a口服伤寒活菌苗肠衣胶囊的大规模现场试验

<正> 在世界许多地区伤寒仍然是一种重要的疾病,并能造成旅游者的一种感染。大部份地区伤寒的发病率在5-19岁年龄组的儿童中最高。在控制伤寒的方案中以学校为基地的免疫接种是恰当的,因为学龄儿童代表着伤寒“俘虏”人群。 虽然热酚灭活和丙酮灭活的不经肠道的灭活全菌体伤寒菌苗提供了有价值的保护,但很少用于系统的控制伤寒计划中,因为它们的副反应高。 抗伤寒免疫接种中的一个重要进展是     

古植物学在解释中国植物地理上的潜力

中国许多植物分类群的现代分布证明了一些区系重要性中心可能是古老的并且具有进化的意义,或者这些中心可能仅仅是它们在新生代迁移历史中最后的一些场所。本文概述白刺属(Nitraria),麻黄属(Ephedra),山核桃属(Carya),枫香树属(Liquidambar),枫杨属(Pterocarya)以及桦木科(Betu-laceae)这些分类群在中国的新生代和现在的分布。结论是:现在这些属的重要性中心不同于它们在新生代某个地质世代的;每个分类群在新生代中都经历过较大规模的迁移和遭受过具有重要意义的一些消灭作用的影响。桦木科的演变历史虽然在主要方面已经解决但还是不很明朗。     

On the Application of Fuzzy Decision Theory in Chemotherapy

1IntreductionTheliteratUreonmulti-Criteriondecisionmaking(MCDM)problemshas~tremendouslyintherecentpast.TwomajorareashaveevolvedwhiChbothconcentrateondecisionmakingwithseveralcriteria:multiobjectivedecisionmaking(MODM)andmulti-attributedecisionmaking(MADM).TheformerconcentratesoncontinuousdecisionspaceandthelatterfocusesonproblemswithdiscreteSPace.FuzzysettheoryhascontributedtoMODMproblemsaswellastheMADMProblems.ThegeneralMODMproblemcanbedeft.edLllasfollows:Twostagescangenerallybe…     

Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of dynamin-related proteins (AtDRP3A/3B) synergically regulate mitochondrial proliferation during mitosis

The balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion is disrupted during mitosis, but the mechanism governing this phenomenon in plant cells remains enigmatic. Here, we used mitochondrial matrix‐localized Kaede protein (mt‐Kaede) to analyze the dynamics of mitochondrial fission in BY‐2 suspension cells. Analysis of the photoactivatable fluorescence of mt‐Kaede suggested that the fission process is dominant during mitosis. This finding was confirmed by an electron microscopic analysis of the size distribution of mitochondria in BY‐2 suspension cells at various stages. Cellular proteins interacting with Myc‐tagged dynamin‐related protein 3A/3B (AtDRP3A and AtDRP3B) were immunoprecipitated with anti‐Myc antibody‐conjugated beads and subsequently identified by microcapillary liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (CapLC Q‐TOF) MS/MS. The identified proteins were broadly associated with cytoskeletal (microtubular), phosphorylation, or ubiquitination functions. Mitotic phosphorylation of AtDRP3A/AtDRP3B and mitochondrial fission at metaphase were inhibited by treatment of the cells with a CdkB/cyclin B inhibitor or a serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitor. The fate of AtDRP3A/3B during the cell cycle was followed by time‐lapse imaging of the fluorescence of Dendra2‐tagged AtDRP3A/3B after green‐to‐red photoconversion; this experiment showed that AtDRP3A/3B is partially degraded during interphase. Additionally, we found that microtubules are involved in mitochondrial fission during mitosis, and that mitochondria movement to daughter cell was limited as early as metaphase. Taken together, these findings suggest that mitotic phosphorylation of AtDRP3A/3B promotes mitochondrial fission during plant cell mitosis, and that AtDRP3A/3B is partially degraded at interphase, providing mechanistic insight into the mitochondrial morphological changes associated with cell‐cycle transitions in BY‐2 suspension cells.