FOS licenses early events in stem cell activation driving skeletal muscle regeneration

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FGF23, alpha-Klotho and vitamin D mediated calcium-phosphate metabolism in haemodialysis patients

BackgroundKlotho is a prote˝in that acts as a co-receptor for FGF23. FGF23-Klotho axis has great importance regarding the regulation of mineral metabolism by kidneys. In this study, we analysed FGF23, Klotho, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathormone, Calcium and Phosphate levels of haemodialysis patients in order to investigate the nature of the mineral metabolism disruption in chronic kidney diseases.MethodsSixty haemodialysis patients and 34 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum iFGF, cFGF, and soluble Klotho were analysed using ELISA kits. Moreover, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was determined using LCMS/MS. Calcium, phosphate, iPTH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using autoanalyzers.ResultsIn haemodialysis patients, iFGF23, cFGF23, iPTH and P levels were significantly higher, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, Klotho and Ca levels were significantly lower compared with the control group. There was no significant difference in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.ConclusionsOur study showed that lack of sufficient amounts of Klotho is crucial for mineral metabolism disruptions seen as a complication of chronic kidney diseases. Despite the high levels of the hormone, FGF23 is unable to accomplish its function properly, likely due to deteriorated kidney function in haemodialysis patients.     

The effect of OSAS risk,excessive daytime sleepiness,insomnia severity and sleep quality on dry eye syndrome

Sleep and Biological Rhythms - The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sleep disturbances and dry eye syndrome (DES). 201 patients with DES were included in this study....     

Preparation of regenerable magnetic nanoparticles for cellulase immobilization: Improvement of enzymatic activity and stability

To obtain regenerable magnetic nanoparticles, triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane and iminodiacetic acid (IZ) were used as the starting material and immobilized on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Copper ions (Cu²⁺ ions) were loaded on the Fe-IZ nanoparticles and used for cellulase immobilization. The support was characterized by spectroscopic methods (FTIR, NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. As a result of experiments, the amount of protein bound to immobilized cellulase (Fe-IZ-Cu-E) and cellulase activity was found to be 33.1 mg/g and 154 U/g at pH 5, 50°C, for 3 h. The results indicated that the free cellulase had kept only 50% of its activity after 2 h, while the Fe-IZ-Cu-E was observed to be around 77%, at 60°C. It was found that the immobilized cellulase maintained 93% of its initial catalytic activity after its sixth use. Furthermore, the Fe-IZ-Cu-E retained about 75% of its initial activity after 28 days of storage. To reuse the support material (Fe-IZ-Cu), it was regenerated by thorough washing with ammonia or imidazole.     

Vagus nerve bundle stimulation using 1505-nm laser irradiation in an in-vivo rat model

Laser nerve stimulation using near-infrared laser irradiation has recently been studied in the peripheral nervous system as an alternative method to conventional electrical nerve stimulation. Bringing this method to the vagus nerve model could leverage this emerging stimulation approach to be tested in broader preclinical applications. Here, we report the capability of the laser nerve stimulation method on the rat vagus nerve bundle with a 1505-nm diode laser operated in continuous-wave mode. Studies of the stimulation threshold and laser-induced acute thermal injury to the nerve bundle were also performed to determine a temperature window for safe, reliable and reproducible laser stimulation of the rat vagus nerve bundle. The results show that laser stimulation of the vagus nerve bundle provides reliable and reproducible nerve stimulation in a rat model. These results also confirm a threshold temperature of >42°C with acute nerve damage observed above 46°C. A strong correlation was obtained between the laser time required to raise the nerve temperature above the stimulation threshold and the mean arterial pressure response. Advantages of the method such as non-contact delivery of external stimulus signals at mm scaled distance in air, enhanced spatial selectivity and electrical artefact-free measurements may indicate its potential to counteract the side effects of conventional electrical vagus nerve stimulation.