Transfer of proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm into mitochondria. Stimulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis by microsomal fraction]

The in vitro transport into mitochondria of proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm was studied. The system, in which the microsomes synthesize protein in the presence of mitochondria directly during the experiment proved to be the most efficient one. The microsomal fraction significantly stimulated the incorporation of 14C-valine into the isolated mitochondria proteins. The effects of EDTA treatment of the mitochondrial fraction, the dependence of protein synthesis stimulation on the ratio of mitochondria and microsomal proteins and the kinetic pattern of the reaction suggest that the stimulation of the labelled precursor incorporation into mitochondrial proteins is not probably due to the labelled microsomes adsorption on the mitochondria.     

The European Renal Genome Project: An Integrated Approach Towards Understanding the Genetics of Kidney Development and Disease

Rapid progress in genome research creates a wealth of information on the functional annotation of mammalian genome sequences. However, as we accumulate large amounts of scientific information we are facing problems of how to integrate and relate the data produced by various genomic approaches. Here, we propose the novel concept of an organ atlas where diverse data from expression maps to histological findings to mutant phenotypes can be queried, compared and visualized in the context of a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ. We will seek proof of concept for the organ atlas by elucidating genetic pathways involved in development and pathophysiology of the kidney. Such a kidney atlas may provide a paradigm for a new systems-biology approach in functional genome research aimed at understanding the genetic bases of organ development, physiology and disease.Key Words: EuReGene, kidney, genome, development, pathophysiology, genetics     

Different functional and structural properties of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes at different stages of Danio rerio ontogenesis

We studied properties of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes expressed at different stages of Danio rerio ontogenesis. H4-LDH and a minor fraction H3M1 are expressed during embryonic development. The muscle isozyme (M4) appears after the beginning of muscle contractions in the embryo. H4 and M4 isozymes isolated from the heart and skeletal muscle of the adult fish, respectively, show significant differences in terms of Km, activation energy (AE), and inactivation temperature. H4-LDH isozymes isolated from unfertilized eggs, the skeletal muscle of larvae, and the heart of the adult fish differ in Km and activation energy, as well as in inactivation temperature. We propose that these differences may be associated with a ligand interacting with the H4 isozyme at different steps of ontogenesis.     

The principle of the energy minimum in ontogeny and the channeling of developmental processes

The principle of minimum of energy in ontogenesis has been formulated on the basis of data concerning age changes in energetic metabolism, as well as the influence of ecological factors on this process. According to this principle the smallest expenditures of energy are observed in the zone of the most favorable developmental conditions. The minimal level of energetic metabolism at every developmental stage that corresponds to the most stable state of organism is treated as homeostasis and the developmental stability is treated as homeorrhesis. Regulation mechanisms of energetic metabolism during ontogenesis and under the influence of environmental factors are analyzed.     

Dynamics of energy metabolism in ontogenesis of striped shield bug (Graphosoma lineatum L.) and cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.)

Dynamics of growth and oxygen consumption during ontogenesis of insects with direct (striped shield bug Graphosoma lineatum L.) and indirect (cabbage moth Mamestra brassicae L.) development have been compared. The correlation between a character of energy metabolism alteration and peculiarities of development of the insects has been shown. Cyclic decrease of oxygen consumption during molt and sharp dropping during metamorphosis have been observed in insects with indirect development. The decrease of oxygen consumption has been observed in insects with direct development only during molts. The coefficient a of allometric dependence of oxygen consumption on body weight of imago for cabbage moth was two times higher than that for striped shield bug.     

Change in intensity of respiration in development of some invertebrates

We studied the dynamic of respiration intensity during ontogenesis of flat worms (Dugesia tigrina), molluscs (Anodonta piscinalis and Viviparus viviparus, and insects (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). In planarians that reproduce vegetatively, the intensity of respiration increases just after fission and decreases at the subsequent phases of growth. In A. piscinalis, this index of metabolism increases during embryonic and early larval development and decreases at the later developmental stages. In V. viviparus, which develops in the female genital tract, the intensity of respiration remains unchanged during embryogenesis and decreases during late embryogenesis and subsequent phases of growth. In L. decemlineata, the intensity of respiration increases during embryonic and early larval development and then decreases to undergo cyclic changes times to molts. This index markedly decreases in the pupae, increases in the beginning of imaginal period, and then again decreases.     

棉花和香瓜的甘薯粉虱Bemisia tabaci (同翅目 ,粉虱科 )B生态型虫体大小和重量的田间调查(英文)

20 0 0和 2 0 0 1年在美国凤凰城和北达科塔州法哥城田间 ,调查棉花和香瓜上甘薯粉虱BemisiatabaciB生态型所有虫期虫体大小和重量。从若虫大小计算出若虫的体积。第一到第四龄晚期 ,若虫平均体积以指数方式增加。体积增加最快的是第三到第四龄早期。棉花上的若虫比香瓜上的宽 ,但是并不比较长。香瓜上第一到第四龄早期的若虫 ,最厚部位的腹部和背部厚度比例显著比棉花上的要高。两种寄主作物上的若虫从第一到第四龄发育期 ,腹部厚度平均增加将近 5 1倍 ,而背部厚度只增加 2 8倍。雌虫和雄虫从头顶到翅尖平均长度分别为 112 6和 95 3微米 ,重量为 39和 17微克。棉花和香瓜上的虫卵平均长 ,宽 ,重分别为 197微米 ,99微米 ,和0 8微克。未被寄生的蛹壳长 ,宽 ,重分别为 6 73微米 ,4 92微米和 1 2微克 ;被寄生的蛹壳为 6 6 5微米 ,4 5 2微米 ,和 3 6微克。棉花上未被寄生和被寄生的蛹壳比香瓜上的长 ,宽 ,和更重。