Das Brutleben der Waldschnepfe

Ohne ZusammenfassungNachdruck in Jagd-Zeitschriften nur mit besonderer Genehmigung des Verfassers.     

Das Gesetz der isodynamen Vertretung und die spezifischdynamische Wirkung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Decision Support through Mass and Energy Flow Management in the Vehicle-Refinishing Sector

In the past few decades, major advances in environmental protection within the coating application industry have been made. In spite of this technological progress, approximately 50% of industrial-solvent emissions still come from the paint-application sector. The advances made in reducing emissions for plants requiring licensing have unfortunately had no influence on the environmental efforts of smaller companies. Solvent-reduced painting systems, such as high-solid paints, water-based coating, and powder coating have not been able to achieve acceptance, nor have innovative application technologies. The principal arguments against a conversion to these ecologically more favorable alternatives were related to cost and quality.
Recently, the EU Solvent Directive (1999/13/EC) went into effect, aiming to significantly reduce industrial-solvent emissions. Up until this point, however, instruments enabling smaller companies to determine their solvent emissions and to simultaneously develop process-improvement potentials while keeping costs in mind have been missing.
Using the mass and energy flow-management approach, cost structures and environmental benefits can be made transparent to the entrepreneur. The primary result of the research projects presented here is the computer-based mass and energy flow model called the individual computer-aided mass and energy flow model for the vehicle-refinishing sector (IMPROVE). It can be used as a detailed business-consultancy tool. Based upon this, practical guidelines were developed for easy orientation and activity planning. They can be used by companies to help them fulfill the requirements of environmental legislation and to display the benefits that can be achieved by various emission-reduction measures.     

Intracellular localisation of phytochrome and ubiquitin in red-light-irradiated oat coleoptiles by electron microscopy

The intracellular localisation of phytochrome and ubiquitin in irradiated oat coleoptiles was analysed by electron microscopy. We applied indirect immunolabeling with polyclonal antibodies against phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings or polyclonal antibodies against ubiquitin from rabbit reticulocytes, together with a goldcoupled second antibody, on serial ultrathin sections of resin-embedded material. Immediately after a 5-min pulse of red light-converting phytochrome from the red-absorbing (Pr) to the far-redabsorbing (Pfr) form-the label for phytochrome was found to be sequestered in electron-dense areas. For up to 2 h after irradiation, the size of these areas increased with increasing dark periods. The ubiquitin label was found in the same electrondense areas only after a dark period of 30 min. A 5 min pulse of far-red light, which reverts Pfr to Pr, given immediately after the red light did not cause the electron-dense structures to disappear; moreover, they contained the phytochrome label immediately after the far-red pulse. In contrast, after the reverting far-red light pulse, ubiquitin could only be visualised in the electron-dense areas after prolonged dark periods (i.e. 60 min). The relevance of these data to light-induced phytochrome pelletability and to the destruction of both Pr and Pfr is discussed.Abbreviations FR far-red light; Pfr - Pr far-red-absorbing and red-absorbing forms of phytochrome, respectively - R red light     

Gas exchange studies in two Portuguese grapevine cultivars

Gas exchange characteristics of leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cvs Tinta Amarela and Periquita, two grapevine cultivars grown in distinct climatic regions of Portugal, were studied under natural and controlled conditions. Daily time courses of gas exchange were measured on both a hot, sunny day and a cooler, partly cloudy day. Responses of net photosynthesis to irradiance and internal partial pressure of CO₂, were also obtained. A strong correlation between net photosynthesis (P_N) and leaf conductance (g_s) was found during the diurnal time courses of gas exchange, as well as a relatively constant internal partial pressure of CO₂ (P_i), even under non-steady-state conditions. On the cloudless day, both P_N and g_s were lower in the afternoon than in the morning, despite similar conditions of leaf temperature, air to leaf water vapor deficit and irradiance. The response curves of net photosynthesis to internal CO₂ showed linearity up to p_i values of 50 Pa, possibly indicating a substantial excess of photosynthetic capacity. When measured at low partial pressures of O₂ (1 kPa), P_N became inhibited at high CO₂ levels. Inhibition of P_N at high CO₂ was absent under normal levels of O₂ (21 kPa). Significant differences in gas exchange characteristics were found between the two cultivars, with T. Amarela having higher rates under similar measurement conditions. In particular, the superior performance of T. Amarela at high temperatures may represent adaptation to the warmer conditions at its place of origin.     

Cutaneous tumour of northern pike Esox lucius L.: evidence for a monocytic neoplasm

An epidemic of cutaneous tumours occurs in northern pike from the Åland Islands of Finland. Lymphocytes of pike could be triggered to synthesize DNA in vitro by mitogens. Tumour cells had a high basic metabolic rate and mitogens did not enhance their incorporation of ³H-thymidine. High percentages of peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney mononuclear cells were surface (SIg) and cytoplasmic (CIg) immunoglobulin-positive by indirect immunofluorescence, using rabbit anti-pike IgM antibodies. Lower but still substantially high percentages of SIg and CIg immunofluorescence were observed with mouse anti-carp IgM antibodies. Tumour cells, however, were SIg- and Clg-negative, suggesting that the neoplasm is not a B cell lymphoma or plasmacytoma. A majority of tumour cells exhibited an intense diffuse staining pattern for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase which was inhibited by sodium fluoride and was reminiscent of that in human monocytes. By electron microscopy (EM), the tumour cells were seen to be closely apposed with a lack of cell-cell junctions, and characteristically contained groups of lysosomes and large numbers of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, which are features of histiomonocytic cells. Although the marker studies do not completely rule out a T-lymphocytic origin, we suggest that the EM findings lend support for the view that the Åland pike neoplasm may be derived from the monocytic lineage.     

Evidence for a new pathway in the bacterial degradation of 4-fluorobenzoate

Six bacterial strains able to use 4-fluorobenzoic acid as their sole source of carbon and energy were isolated by selective enrichment from various water and soil samples from the Stuttgart area. According to their responses in biochemical and morphological tests, the organisms were assigned to the genera Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, and Aureobacterium. To elucidate the degradation pathway of 4-fluorobenzoate, metabolic intermediates were identified. Five gram-negative isolates degraded this substrate via 4-fluorocatechol, as described in previous studies. In growth experiments, these strains excreted 50 to 90% of the fluoride from fluorobenzoate. Alcaligenes sp. strains RHO21 and RHO22 used all three isomers of monofluorobenzoate. Alcaligenes sp. strain RHO22 also grew on 4-chlorobenzoate. Aureobacterium sp. strain RHO25 transiently excreted 4-hydroxybenzoate into the culture medium during growth on 4-fluorobenzoate, and stoichiometric amounts of fluoride were released. In cell extracts from this strain, the enzymes for the conversion of 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate could be detected. All these enzymes were inducible by 4-fluorobenzoate. These data suggest a new pathway for the degradation of 4-fluorobenzoate by Aureobacterium sp. strain RHO25 via 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.     

Evidence for a new pathway in the bacterial degradation of 4-fluorobenzoate.

Six bacterial strains able to use 4-fluorobenzoic acid as their sole source of carbon and energy were isolated by selective enrichment from various water and soil samples from the Stuttgart area. According to their responses in biochemical and morphological tests, the organisms were assigned to the genera Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, and Aureobacterium. To elucidate the degradation pathway of 4-fluorobenzoate, metabolic intermediates were identified. Five gram-negative isolates degraded this substrate via 4-fluorocatechol, as described in previous studies. In growth experiments, these strains excreted 50 to 90% of the fluoride from fluorobenzoate. Alcaligenes sp. strains RHO21 and RHO22 used all three isomers of monofluorobenzoate. Alcaligenes sp. strain RHO22 also grew on 4-chlorobenzoate. Aureobacterium sp. strain RHO25 transiently excreted 4-hydroxybenzoate into the culture medium during growth on 4-fluorobenzoate, and stoichiometric amounts of fluoride were released. In cell extracts from this strain, the enzymes for the conversion of 4-fluorobenzoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate could be detected. All these enzymes were inducible by 4-fluorobenzoate. These data suggest a new pathway for the degradation of 4-fluorobenzoate by Aureobacterium sp. strain RHO25 via 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate.