Prinzipien und Beispiele der Anwendung phytoserologischer Methodik

Ohne ZusammenfassungMit 13 Textabbildungen.     

Detection of coronary microembolization by Doppler ultrasound in patients with stable angina pectoris during percutaneous coronary interventions under an adjunctive antithrombotic therapy with abciximab: design and rationale of the High Intensity Transient Signals ReoPro (HITS-RP) study

Background

Embolization of atherosclerotic debris from the rupture of a vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque occurs iatrogenically during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and can induce myocardial necrosis. These microembolizations are detected as high intensity transient signals (HITS) using intracoronary Doppler technology.

Presentation of the hypothesis

In the presented study we will test if abciximab (ReoPro?) infusion reduces high intensity transient signals in patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing PCI in comparison to standard therapy alone.

Testing the hypothesis

The High Intensity Transient Signals ReoPro? (HITS-RP) study will enroll 60 patients. It is a prospective, single center, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. The study is designed to compare the efficacy of intravenous abciximab administration for reduction of microembolization during elective PCI. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to abciximab or placebo infusion. The primary end point of the HITS-RP-Study is the number of HITS during PCI measured by intracoronary Doppler wire. Secondary endpoints are bleeding complications, elevation of cardiac biomarkers or ECG changes after percutaneous coronary interventions, changes in coronary flow velocity reserve, hs-CRP elevation, any major adverse cardio-vascular event during one month follow-up.

Implications of the hypothesis

The HITS-RP-Study addresses important questions regarding the efficacy of intravenous abciximab administration in reducing microembolization and periprocedural complications in stable angina pectoris patients undergoing PCI.

Trial registration

The trial is registered under http://www.drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/:DRKS00000603.     

Expression of single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) specific for beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein or 25 kDa protein in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana

The coding sequences for the variable regions of heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) coat protein (cp) or the 25 kDa nonstructural protein (P25) were cloned into the pCOCK vector and expressed as single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) in Escherichia coli. For expression in higher plants the scFv were targeted either to the secretory pathway by including the sequences encoding the pectate lyase B (PelB) or the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) signal peptides in the vector constructs or they were targeted to the cytoplasm by omitting a signal peptide-encoding sequence from the constructs. The scFv were detected mainly in plants in which the PHA signal peptide had been used for targeting demonstrating for the first time the usefulness of this peptide for enabling scFv expression in plants. The scFv were not secreted into the culture fluids of suspension cultures, but were retained in the cells. The amount of expression of scFv in the best expressing plants was at least as high as in bacterial culture supernatants. In a dot blot immunoassay, 0.4 ng BNYVV cp or 0.8 ng P25 were detected by the respective scFv either from E. coli or from plants. The majority of the 21 plants expressing cp-specific scFv had near-normal growth whereas the three plants expressing P25-specific scFv grew poorly and did not form roots.     

LIFETIME REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS,SELECTION, AND THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SELECTION IN THE WHITE-TAILED SKIMMER PLATHEMIS LYDIA (ODONATA: LIBELLULIDAE)

We present estimates of lifetime reproductive success in Plathemis lydia, a territorial dragonfly. We partition the opportunity for selection into multiplicative episodes using the techniques of Arnold and Wade (1984a, 1984b) and measure selection on several morphological and behavioral characters. For both sexes, variance in survivorship was the largest contribution to variance in lifetime reproductive success. Covariance effects are also strong for both sexes, suggesting considerable non-independence of episodes. Opportunity for selection calculated on a daily basis did not approximate analogous values determined from lifetime reproductive success. Phenotypic characters for which we investigated selection included body mass, hind wing length, first date of reproduction, and (for males) an index of territorial aggressiveness. We failed to find any significant direct targets of selection in either males or females. However, the combined effects of direct and indirect selection on early reproduction were significant for males, acting primarily through increased survivorship and increased time per day spent at the pond. Similarly, females present earlier in the season had shorter interclutch intervals. Partitioning of selection acting on male hind wing length and on aggressiveness reveals relationships between selective episodes, possibly indicative of phenotypic trade-offs between natural and sexual selection through male-male competition for females. Division of selection into episodes is a useful technique for identifying the source of selection. However, ordering effects can bias results, except when episodes occur in strictly chronological sequence. We present a method for circumventing this difficulty.     

Developmental changes in β-subunit composition of Na,K-ATPase in the Drosophila eye

The Drosophila genome contains at least three loci for the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit; however, only the protein products of nrv1 and nrv2 have been characterized hitherto. Here, we provide evidence that nrv3 also encodes for a functional Na,K-ATPase β-subunit, as its protein product co-precipitates with the Na,K-ATPase α-subunit. Nrv3 expression in adult flies is restricted to the nervous system in which Nrv3 is enriched in selective types of sensory cells. Because Nrv3 expression is especially prominent in the compound eye, we have analyzed the subcellular and developmental distribution of Nrv3 within the visual cells and related this distribution to those of the α-subunit and of the β-subunits Nrv1 and Nrv2. Prospective visual cells express Nrv2 in the third larval instar stage and during the first half of pupal development. During the last third of pupal life, Nrv3 gradually replaces Nrv2 as the Na,K-ATPase β-subunit in the photoreceptor cells. Adult photoreceptors express Nrv3 as their major β-subunit; the visual cells R1–R6 co-express Nrv2 at a low level, whereas R7 and R8 co-express Nrv1. Notably, β-subunits do not co-distribute exactly with the α-subunit at some developmental stages, supporting the concept that the α-subunit and β-subunit can exist in the plasma membrane without being engaged in α/β heterodimers. The non-visual cells within the compound eye express almost exclusively Nrv2, which segregates together with the α-subunit to septate junctions throughout development.     

Das Problem der Doppelplättchen und ihnen homologer Gebilde bei den Diatomeen

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HYPERTENSIVE-ISCHEMIC LEG ULCERS

Ischemic ulcers of the leg having characteristics different from those of ordinary leg ulcers have been observed in a small number of hypertensive patients, mostly women, during the past few years.Such ulcers are usually located above the ankle. They begin with a small area of purplish discoloration at the site of slight trauma, and progress to acutely tender ulceration.In studies of tissue removed from the margin and the base of an ulcer of this kind, obliterative arteriolar sclerotic changes, ischemic-appearing connective tissue and inflammatory changes were noted.Two additional cases are reported.     

Wirkungen von Ionen auf die Wasserdurchlässigkeit des primären und sekundären Hautgewebes pflanzlicher Organe

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