Penetration of vaccinia virus through the mucosa of the small intestine and its dissemination in the body following enteric immunization of monkeys]

The authors studied the penetration of variolo-vaccine virus through the mucosa of the small intestine of Macacus rhesus in enteral immunization, by immunofluorescent and virological methods. Fifteen minutes after the immunization the variolo-vaccine virus was revealed at the surface of the mucosal prismatic epithelium and in the t. mucosa propria within the cytoplasm of cells of the macrophage type. Dissemination of the process with detection of the variolo-vaccine virus in the blood, the lymph nodes, spleen and liver was determined within the range of 1 to 3 hours.     

Biological effects of radioactive carbon. Kinetics of carbon-14 (14C-stearic acid) metabolism in animals of various ages

In experiments on young, mature and old rats a study was made of the kinetics of 14C-stearic acid metabolism. The metabolic processes were more active in young rats as compared to mature and old animals.     

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 2-aryl-4H-chromene and 3-aryl-1H-benzo[f]chromene derivatives as novel α-glucosidase inhibitors

Herein we report a study of novel arylchromene derivatives as analogs of naturally occurring flavonoids with prominent α-glucosidase inhibitory properties. Novel inhibitors were identified via simple stepwise in silico screening, efficient synthesis, and biological evaluation. It is shown that 2-aryl-4H-chromene core retains pharmacophore properties while being readily available synthetically. A lead compound identified through screening inhibits yeast α-glucosidase with IC₅₀ of 62.26?µM and prevents postprandial hyperglycemia in rats at 2.2?mg/kg dose.     

Assessment of radiation exposure level for hydrobionts in some special industrial ponds at the "Mayak" PA

Evaluation of the radionuclide content in the ecosystem components (water, sediments, aquatic organisms) of industrial reservoirs-storages of liquid radioactive waste of the "Mayak" PA (reservoirs R-4, R-10, R-11, R-17, R-9) and the estimation of the absorbed dose rate in aquatic organisms of these reservoirs using the software package ERICA Assessment Tool 1.0 May 2009 have been performed. Gradient of the absorbed dose rate for the detected taxonomic groups of hydrobionts in the series of the studied reservoirs R-11 --> R-10 --> R-4 --> R-17 --> R-9 was almost equal to one order of magnitude. The estimated absorbed dose rate for phytoplankton ranged from 5.4 x 10(0) mGy/day (R-11) to 4.0 x 10(4) mGy/day (R-9), for zooplankton--from 6.4 x 10(-1) mGy/day (R-11) to 3.8 x 10(3) mGy/day (R-9), for zoobenthos (chironomids)--from 5.6 x 10(0) mGy/day (R-11) to 1.1 x 10(3) mGy/day (R-17), for fish (roach)--from 8.0 x 10(-1) mGy/day (R-11) to 1.9 x 10(1) mGy/day (R-4).     

Molecular-biological properties of blood lymphocytes of Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. Plausible possibility of treatment effect prognosis

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients were investigated before and during chemical and radiation therapy. The properties of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the HL patients before treatment have been compared with healthy donors and the patients during the treatment. The genetic damage--frequency of cells with micronuclei (MN), the level of DNA single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB), DNA-protein cross-links (DPC) have been studied. Biochemical and physiological parameters have been compared as well: the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the ability to the adaptive response induction. The radiosensitivity of lymphocytes in vitro exposed to the 1 Gy irradiation has also been determined (by MN test). It was shown that in Hodgkin's lymphoma patients' lymphocytes (in comparison with healthy donors) the frequency of cells with MN does not change, the level of SSBs and DSBs increases, the amount of DPC does not change, and ROS concentration (on average) significantly increases because of the part of the population that have high ROS content. The ROS concentration decreases to control level, the frequency of cells with MN increases, the level of DSBs does not change but the level of DPCs (which prevents the determination of DSB) increases in the patients during treatment. It was also discovered that lymphocyte radiosensitivity correlates with the MN cells frequency before treatment and the ROS concentration. These results make it possible to suppose that the high MN frequency and high ROS concentration in Hodgkin's lymphoma patient lymphocytes (before treatment) can serve as prognostic factors for the effectiveness of radio and chemical therapy.     

A comparative study of the effects of laser and LED radiation on lipid peroxidation in rat wound fluid

The effect of laser (632 nm) and LED (630 nm) on lipid peroxidation in rat wound fluid (exudate) was studied with the aim of comparing the efficiency of coherent and incoherent light on the processes that take place during wound healing. The study was performed using the model of cut aseptic wounds proposed by L.I. Slutskii. It was shown that irradiation of wounds with light of both laser and LED caused a decrease in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in wound fluid as compared with the control group. An increase in the antioxidative activity of wound fluid was observed. It was concluded that irradiation with light of both laser and LED decreases the level of oxidative stress in wound fluid and that radiation coherence does not play a significant role.     

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Acknowledgement to Referees