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51.
Kurganov BI Kornilaev BA Chebotareva NA Malikov VP Orlov VN Lyubarev AE Livanova NB 《Biochemistry》2000,39(43):13144-13152
The thermal stability of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b was characterized using enzymological inactivation studies, differential scanning calorimetry, and analytical ultracentrifugation. The results suggest that denaturation proceeds by the dissociative mechanism, i.e., it includes the step of reversible dissociation of the active dimer into inactive monomers and the following step of irreversible denaturation of the monomer. It was shown that glucose 1-phosphate (substrate), glucose (competitive inhibitor), AMP (allosteric activator), FMN, and glucose 6-phosphate (allosteric inhibitors) had a protective effect. Calorimetric study demonstrates that the cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-stabilizes the enzyme molecule. Partial reactivation of glycogen phosphorylase b preheated at 53 degrees C occurs after cooling of the enzyme solution to 30 degrees C. The fact that the rate of reactivation decreases with dilution of the enzyme solution indicates association of inactive monomers into active dimers during renaturation. The allosteric inhibitor FMN enhances the rate of phosphorylase b reactivation. 相似文献
52.
Saukhat SR Vorontsov DV Tormozova NM Golubenko IA Kravchenko VF Poplavskaia TK Ternovaia NM Rabinovich VD Orlov NV Ryndich IV Prokopenkova SA 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》2000,(4):89-92
The necessity and effectiveness of introducing the program of the exchange of syringes for intravenous drug users as a preventive and antiepidemic measure are discussed. Preventive and antiepidemic measures within the concept of harm reduction are described. The comparative analysis of materials obtained as a result of two sociological questionings, carried out in 1997-1998 among the representatives of the community (random nonrepeating choice) and in the middle of 1999 among the participants of the program revealed that the participants of the program had statistically significant changes in risky behavior patterns during the use of injection drugs. 相似文献
53.
Characterization of terminal NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc sequence in lipooligosaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Group B and C Neisseria meningitidis are the major cause of meningococcal
disease in the United States and in Europe. N . meningitidis
lipooligosaccharide (LOS), a major surface antigen, can be divided into 12
immunotypes of which L1 through L8 were found among Group B and C
organisms. Groups B and C but not Group A may sialylate their LOSs with
N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) at the nonreducing end because they
synthesize CMP-NeuNAc. Using sialic acid-galactose binding lectins as
probes in an ELISA format, six of the eight LOS immunotypes (L2, L3, L4,
L5, L7, and L8) in Groups B and C bound specifically to Maackia amurensis
leukoagglutinin (MAL), which recognizes NeuNAcalpha2- 3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc/Glc
sequence, but not to Sambucus nigra agglutinin, which binds
NeuNAcalpha2-6Gal sequence. The combination of SDS-PAGE and MAL-blot
analyses revealed that these six LOSs contained only the
NeuNAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc trisaccharide sequence in their 4.1 kDa LOS
components, which have a common terminal lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT,
Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) structure when nonsialylated as shown
by previous studies. The LOS-lectin binding was abolished when the LOSs
were treated with Newcastle disease viral neuraminidase which cleaves
alpha2-->3 linked sialic acid. Methylation analysis of a representative
LOS (L2) confirmed that NeuNAc is 2-->3 linked to Gal. Thus, these LOSs
structurally mimic certain glycolipids, i.e., paragloboside (LNnT-ceramide)
and sialylparagloboside and some glycoproteins in having LNnT and
N-acetyllactosamine sequences, respectively, with or without alpha2-->3
linked NeuNAc. The molecular mimicry of the LOSs may play a role in the
pathogenesis of N.meningitidis by assisting the organism to evade host
immune defenses in man.
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57.
The character of TRD (transmission ratio distortion) was analyzed using the database formed on the basis of the results obtained
for a collection of mice carrying different t haplotypes during 30 years of experimental observations. Quantitative TRD parameters were determined in male mice with T/t
w genotypes from natural populations in crosses with females from laboratory collections. The TRD value varied in the range
from 0.41 to 0.74. The frequencies of t haplotypes in natural Mus musculus populations from different regions (Moscow, Moscow oblast, Tajikistan, Lithuania, and Mongolia) varied from 12% (Tigrovaya
Balka, Tajikistan) to 44% (Ulan-Bator, Mongolia). The factors and mechanisms determining a low frequency of t haplotypes in natural populations are discussed. 相似文献
58.
Ouabain and other cardiotonic steroids (CTS) kill renal epithelial cells from distal tubules (C7-MDCK) via interaction with
Na,K-ATPase but independently of inhibition of Na,K-ATPase-mediated ion fluxes. Recently, we demonstrated that modest intracellular
acidification and inhibition of p38 MAPK suppress death of C7-MDCK cells triggered by ouabain. In the present study we investigate
the mechanism of p38 MAPK activation in renal epithelial cell from distal tubules evoked by cardiotonic steroids. Using Na+/K+ ionophores (monensin, nigericin) and media with different content of monovalent cations, we revealed that p38 MAPK phosphorylation
in ouabain-treated renal epithelial cells is not caused by Na,K-ATPase inhibition and inversion of the [Na+]i/[K+]i ratio. We also demonstrated that attenuation of pH from 7.45 to 6.75 did not alter the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation
observed in ouabain-treated cells. Inhibitors of PKA, PKC, and PKG as well as protein phosphatases were unable to abolish
p38 MAPK activation triggered by ouabain. Using phosphotyrosine antibodies we did not detect any effect of ouabain on activation
of tyrosine kinases. Thus, our results show that activation of p38 MAPK and cytotoxic action of CTS are independent of intracellular
Na+, K+, and H+ concentrations. The molecular origin of intermediates of death signaling induced by CTS via conformation changes of Na,K-ATPase
with following activation of p38 MAPK should be examined further. 相似文献
59.
We investigated the role of the main olfactory and accessory olfactory systems (MOS and AOS respectively) in the detection of androstenone. We used the following experimental approaches: behavioral, surgical removal of the vomeronasal organ (VNX) followed by histochemical verification and Fos immunohistochemistry. Using a Y-maze paradigm we estimated sensitivity of NZB/B1NJ and CBA/J mice to androstenone. CBA mice were 2,000-fold more sensitive to androstenone than NZB mice. VNX caused a 4- to 16-fold decre... 相似文献
60.
Assessing and reporting heterogeneity in treatment effects in clinical trials: a proposal 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David M Kent Peter M Rothwell John PA Ioannidis Doug G Altman Rodney A Hayward 《Trials》2010,11(1):1-11