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91.
Presynaptic autoreceptors regulating transmitter release 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Langer SZ 《Neurochemistry international》2008,52(1-2):26-30
The discovery that the cytoplasmic membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals possess receptors that modulates release of neurotransmitters was made 35 years ago. This new concept represents a clear departure from the traditional view that neuronal communication was unidirectional, i.e. from the nerve terminal to the postsynaptic receptor, because the transfer of information via presynaptic receptors occurs in the opposite direction: from the synaptic cleft to the nerve terminals which release the neurotransmitter. Presynaptic release-modulating autoreceptors and heteroreceptors represent suitable targets for pharmacological intervention by exogenous compounds acting as agonists, partial agonists or antagonists. Such compounds may be of therapeutic value by influencing transmitter release presynaptically, and having fewer side effects than the well-established approach of using agonists or antagonist drugs to stimulate or block postsynaptic receptors. 相似文献
92.
Pernilla Ellneskog-Staam Bj?rn Salomon Roland von Bothmer Kesara Anamthawat-Jónsson 《Génome》2003,46(1):164-169
The genomic constitution of two species in the genus Psammopyrum, i.e., Ps. athericum (2n = 6x = 42) and Ps. pungens (2n = 8x = 56), was studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In Ps. athericum, one diploid chromosome set hybridized to a genomic probe from Pseudoroegneria ferganensis (St genome), one diploid set to a probe from Agropyron cristatum (P genome), and one diploid set to a probe from Thinopyrum junceiforme (EbEe genomes) or Th. bessarabicum (Eb genome). Substituting the St-genome probe with an L-genome probe from Festucopsis serpentinii resulted in exactly the same hybridization pattern, suggesting a genomic constitution of EStP or ELP for Ps. athericum. The same probes used on Ps. pungens showed two diploid sets of chromosomes hybridizing to the St-genome probe, one diploid set hybridizing to the P-genome probe, and one diploid set hybridizing to the EbEe-genome probe. The L-genome probe hybridized to approximately 14 of the chromosomes that were labeled by the St-genome probe. Hence the genomic constitution for Ps. pungens is proposed to be EStStP or EStLP. 相似文献
93.
94.
Meiotic pairing in 16 interspecific hybrids in the genus Elymus is reported. The hybrids were made among seven species in the Elymus semicostatus group, viz., E. semicostatus, E. validus (subgroup I), E. abolinii (subgroup II), E. fedtschenkoi, E. nevskii, E. praeruptus (subgroup III), and E. panormitanus (subgroup IV). All species are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) and possess the SY genomes. Meiotic pairing was distinctly higher in hybrids made within subgroups than between subgroups, but the genomes in E. panormitanus have differentiated from those in the other species. These results generally support the subdivision of the E. semicostatus group based on morphological data but also indicate that the subgroups are more distantly related than previously believed, and that the group may be nonmonophyletic. 相似文献
95.
Jonathan D. Finn Amy Rhoden Smith Mihir C. Patel Lucinda Shaw Madeleine R. Youniss Jane van Heteren Tanner Dirstine Corey Ciullo Reynald Lescarbeau Jessica Seitzer Ruchi R. Shah Aalok Shah Dandan Ling Jacqueline Growe Melissa Pink Ellen Rohde Kristy M. Wood William E. Salomon David V. Morrissey 《Cell reports》2018,22(9):2227-2235
96.
Development of polyclonal antibodies for detection of aflatoxigenic molds involving culture filtrate and chimeric proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. 下载免费PDF全文
R Shapira N Paster M Menasherov O Eyal A Mett T Meiron E Kuttin R Salomon 《Applied microbiology》1997,63(3):990-995
Polyclonal antibodies (PAb) were raised against an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus parasiticus by using two different sources for antibody elicitation: (i) filtrate of a culture on which the fungus had been grown (ii) and two chimeric proteins, expressed in Escherichia coli as separate products, of the genes ver-1 and apa-2, which are involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. The gene products were amplified by PCR, and each was cloned into the E. coli expression vector pGEX2T. Upon induction, the bacteria overexpressed 38- and 33-kDa chimeric proteins corresponding to the N-terminal domains of the genes ver-1 and apa-2, respectively. The chimeric proteins were isolated and affinity purified for use as antigens. The specificity of the raised antibodies was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The PAbs raised against the culture filtrate reacted with all the species of Aspergillus and Penicillium tested but not with Fusarium species or corn gain. However, the PAbs elicited against the chimeric proteins were highly specific, showing significantly higher ELISA absorbance values (A405) against A. parasiticus and A. flavus than against the other fungi tested and the corn grain. The approach of utilizing gene products associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis for antibody production therefore appears to be feasible. Such a multiantibody system combined with the PCR technique, could provide a useful tool for the rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of aflatoxin producers present in grains and foods. 相似文献
97.
Ulf Gunnar Sonesson Katarina Lorentzon Annica Andersson Ulla-Karin Barr Jan Bertilsson Elisabeth Borch Carl Brunius Margareta Emanuelsson Leif Göransson Stefan Gunnarsson Lars Hamberg Anna Hessle Karl-Ivar Kumm Åse Lundh Tim Nielsen Karin Östergren Eva Salomon Erik Sindhöj Bo Stenberg Maria Stenberg Martin Sundberg Helena Wall 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2016,21(5):664-676
98.
Matthew J. Wirick Allison R. Cale Isaac T. Smith Amelia F. Alessi Margaret R. Starostik Liberta Cuko Kyal Lalk Mikayla N. Schmidt Benjamin S. Olson Payton M. Salomon Alexis Santos Axel Schmitter-Snchez Himani Galagali Kevin J. Ranke Payton A. Wolbert Macy L. Knoblock John K. Kim Xantha Karp 《PLoS genetics》2021,17(11)
99.
Gabriella Mincione Alessandro Piccirelli Davide Lazzereschi David S. Salomon Giulia Colletta 《Journal of cellular physiology》1998,176(2):383-391
The EGF-like family of proteins, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor α (TGFα), amphiregulin (AR), betacellulin (BTC), cripto-1 (CR-1), and heregulin (HRG), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several human carcinomas as autocrine growth factors. Differentiation and proliferation of rat thyroid cells in culture (FRTL-5 cells) are regulated by thyrotropin (TSH); withdrawal of TSH from culture medium produces growth arrest, whereas its addition to quiescent cells stimulates cell entry into S phase. Instead, transformed thyroid cell lines as FRTL-5H2 cell line, overexpressing erbB-2, Kimol cells, transformed by the wild-type K-ras and A6 clone, transformed by a temperature sensitive K-ras mutant, can grow without addition of TSH to the culture medium. In order to identify whether EGF-like growth factors and corresponding receptors (erbB-2, erbB-3, and erbB-4) could be involved in the autonomous growth of these transformed rat thyroid epithelial cells, Northern blot for mRNA analysis and Western blot for protein expression were performed. In contrast to normal control FRTL-5 cells, both K-ras and erbB-2-transformed cells expressed elevated levels of erbB-2 receptor. Moreover, both K-ras transformed cells, Kimol and A6 cells, but no FRTL-5H2 cells, were found able to express also high levels of erbB-4 receptor and HRG/NDF ligand. Treatment of K-ras transformed thyroid cells with neutralizing antibody against HRG/NDF reduced by 50% cell proliferation. These data indicate that unlike the erbB-2 overexpressing FRTL-5 cells, in K-ras rat thyroid epithelial cells, the growth factor heregulin signals through the heterodimer erbB-2/erbB-4 receptors in an autocrine fashion. J. Cell. Physiol. 176:383–391, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
100.
Hollyfield JG Bonilha VL Rayborn ME Yang X Shadrach KG Lu L Ufret RL Salomon RG Perez VL 《Nature medicine》2008,14(2):194-198
Oxidative damage and inflammation are postulated to be involved in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the molecular signal(s) linking oxidation to inflammation in this late-onset disease is unknown. Here we describe AMD-like lesions in mice after immunization with mouse serum albumin adducted with carboxyethylpyrrole, a unique oxidation fragment of docosahexaenoic acid that has previously been found adducting proteins in drusen from AMD donor eye tissues and in plasma samples from individuals with AMD. Immunized mice develop antibodies to this hapten, fix complement component-3 in Bruch's membrane, accumulate drusen below the retinal pigment epithelium during aging, and develop lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium mimicking geographic atrophy, the blinding end-stage condition characteristic of the dry form of AMD. We hypothesize that these mice are sensitized to the generation of carboxyethylpyrrole adducts in the outer retina, where docosahexaenoic acid is abundant and conditions for oxidative damage are permissive. This new model provides a platform for dissecting the molecular pathology of oxidative damage in the outer retina and the immune response contributing to AMD. 相似文献