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111.
Virulence and Functions of Myosin II Are Inhibited by Overexpression of Light Meromyosin in Entamoeba histolytica 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Philippe Arhets Jean-Christophe Olivo Pierre Gounon Philippe Sansonetti Nancy Guilln 《Molecular biology of the cell》1998,9(6):1537-1547
Several changes in cell morphology take place during the capping of surface receptors in Entamoeba histolytica. The amoebae develop the uroid, an appendage formed by membrane invaginations, which accumulates ligand–receptor complexes resulting from the capping process. Membrane shedding is particularly active in the uroid region and leads to the elimination of accumulated ligands. This appendage has been postulated to participate in parasitic defense mechanisms against the host immune response, because it eliminates complement and specific antibodies bound to the amoeba surface. The involvement of myosin II in the capping process of surface receptors has been suggested by experiments showing that drugs that affect myosin II heavy-chain phosphorylation prevent this activity. To understand the role of this mechanoenzyme in surface receptor capping, a myosin II dominant negative strain was constructed. This mutant is the first genetically engineered cytoskeleton-deficient strain of E. histolytica. It was obtained by overexpressing the light meromyosin domain, which is essential for myosin II filament formation. E. histolytica overexpressing light meromyosin domain displayed a myosin II null phenotype characterized by abnormal movement, failure to form the uroid, and failure to undergo the capping process after treatment with concanavalin A. In addition, the amoebic cytotoxic capacities of the transfectants on human colon cells was dramatically reduced, indicating a role for cytoskeleton in parasite pathogenicity. 相似文献
112.
Céline Cuche Anne Danckaert Maria‐Isabel Thoulouze Fabrice de Chaumont Nathalie Perrault Jean‐Christophe Olivo‐Marin Sandrine Etienne‐Manneville Monique Arpin Vincenzo Di Bartolo Andrés Alcover 《The EMBO journal》2010,29(14):2301-2314
T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling is triggered and tuned at immunological synapses by the generation of signalling complexes that associate into dynamic microclusters. Microcluster movement is necessary to tune TCR signalling, but the molecular mechanism involved remains poorly known. We show here that the membrane‐microfilament linker ezrin has an important function in microcluster dynamics and in TCR signalling through its ability to set the microtubule network organization at the immunological synapse. Importantly, ezrin and microtubules are important to down‐regulate signalling events leading to Erk1/2 activation. In addition, ezrin is required for appropriate NF‐AT activation through p38 MAP kinase. Our data strongly support the notion that ezrin regulates immune synapse architecture and T‐cell activation through its interaction with the scaffold protein Dlg1. These results uncover a crucial function for ezrin, Dlg1 and microtubules in the organization of the immune synapse and TCR signal down‐regulation. Moreover, they underscore the importance of ezrin and Dlg1 in the regulation of NF‐AT activation through p38. 相似文献
113.
Cleide M. F. Soares Onlia A. dos Santos Jos E. Olivo Heizir F. de Castro Flavio F. de Moraes Gisella M. Zanin 《Journal of Molecular Catalysis .B, Enzymatic》2004,29(1-6):69-79
Lipase from Candida rugosa was encapsulated within a chemically inert sol–gel support prepared by polycondensation of three precursor types (tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and polydimethylsilane (PDMS)) in the presence and absence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as additives. Silica and their derivatives were characterised with regard to mean pore diameter, specific surface area, pore size distribution (BET method), weight loss upon heating thermogramivemetric analysis (TGA), chemical composition Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and catalytic activities. Immobilisation yields based on the recovered lipase activity vary from 3.02 to 31.98% and the highest efficiency was attained when lipase was encapsulated using TEOS in the presence of the PEG. Further information was obtained by testing the derivatives in esterification reactions and a different reactivity profile was found. Better performance was obtained with derivatives containing lipase encapsulated within gels prepared with MTMS as precursor in the presence of PEG. This lipase preparation exhibits increased esterification activity (155 μmol g−1 min−1), up to of three times greater than that prepared with TEOS (52 μmol g−1 min−1), and almost twice that prepared with MTMS/PDMS (89 μmol g−1 min−1) as precursors. 相似文献
114.
U. S. Dinish Douglas Goh Chit Yaw Fu Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari Winston Sun Malini Olivo 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2013,8(2):591-598
Gold nanorods (GNRs) are synthesized with a surfactant template, which often poses toxicity issues for biomedical applications. In addition, blue shift of longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of GNR is an inherent problem that needs to be addressed for time-course studies. In this work, we resolve these issues by optimizing the encapsulation of GNRs with polyethylene glycol (PEG) where biocompatibility is improved by ~20 % and blue shift over a period of 8 days is reduced from 20 nm in the case of CTAB-GNR to 2 nm for PEG-encapsulated GNR. The encapsulated GNRs were then bioconjugated for targeted dark-field imaging of cancer cells. As an application, we also demonstrate the contrast-enhancing capability of GNRs in optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of tumor xenograft where the LSPR closely matches the OCT excitation wavelength. Our study proves that incorporating GNRs enhances the contrast of tumor tissue interfaces along with a considerable broadening in OCT depth profile by six times. 相似文献
115.
Schoepf Verena D’Olivo Juan Pablo Rigal Cyrielle Jung E. Maria U. McCulloch Malcolm T. 《Coral reefs (Online)》2021,40(2):459-471
Coral Reefs - Coral reefs are increasingly threatened by climate change, mass bleaching events and ocean acidification (OA). Coral calcification, a process that is critical to build and maintain... 相似文献
116.
Plants of Solanum curtilobum (from high altitude) and Solanum tuberosum (from low altitude) were grown in open-top chambers in a greenhouse at either ambient (AC, 360 µmol mol–1) or ca. twice ambient (EC, 720 µmol mol–1) CO2 concentrations for 30 d. CO2 treatments started at the reproductive stage of the plants. There were similar patterns in the physiological response to CO2 enrichment in the two species. Stomatal conductance was reduced by 59 % in S. tuberosum and by 55 % in S. curtilobum, but such a reduction did not limit the net photosynthetic rate (P
N), which was increased by approximately 56 % in S. curtilobum and 53 % in S. tuberosum. The transpiration rate was reduced by 16 % in both potato species while instantaneous transpiration efficiency increased by 80 % in S. tuberosum and 90 % in S. curtilobum. Plants grown under EC showed 36 and 66 % increment in total dry biomass, whereas yields (dry mass of tubers) were increased by 40 and 85 % in S. tuberosum and S. curtilobum, respectively. EC promoted productivity by increasing P
N. Thus S. tuberosum, cultivated around the world at low altitudes, and S. curtilobum, endemic of the highland Andes, respond positively to EC during the tuberisation stage. 相似文献
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