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81.
Antoine Zazzo Olivia Munoz Jean‐François Saliège 《American journal of physical anthropology》2014,153(3):353-364
In Oman, the presence of highly productive marine environments, coupled with relatively limited land resources, have led to intense exploitation of coastal resources, but the question of the seasonality of occupation of coastal sites remains open. Our aim is to evaluate the contribution of marine resources to the diet of the Neolithic population of Ra's al‐Hamra 5 (RH‐5) to shed new light on its mobility, using stable isotopes and radiocarbon (14C) dating as dietary tracers. Charcoal, shell, human bone and enamel apatite from eight contemporary graves were sampled. Graves are thought to provide the best chance to obtain marine and terrestrial remains that were contemporary with the human remains in order to calculate the marine reservoir effect (MRE) for this period. Inter‐individual variation in human bone apatite δ13C value is small, suggesting a homogenous diet. Bone apatite 14C ages are very close to the shell ages while enamel is significantly younger and plots near the charcoal ages. Older enamel ages were obtained when a stronger acetic treatment was used, demonstrating that the young ages are due to diagenetic alteration rather than a diachronic change in diet and that only bone apatite retained in vivo dietary signals. Bone ages indicate a heavy reliance on marine resources and it is therefore unlikely that the individuals analyzed here were leaving the coast seasonally, although mobility along the coast cannot be excluded. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:353–364, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
82.
Bonduelle O Duffy D Verrier B Combadière C Combadière B 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2012,188(3):952-956
The protective host immune response to viral infections requires both effective innate and adaptive immune responses. Cross-talk between the two responses is coordinated by the chemokine network and professional APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). In mice, subpopulations of myeloid DCs in peripheral tissues such as lungs and in blood express CX3CR1 depending on the inflammation state. We thus examined the host response of mice deficient in the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to an intranasal vaccinia virus infection. CX3CR1-deficient mice displayed significantly more severe morbidity and mortality compared with control wild-type mice within 10 d following vaccinia virus infection. CX3CR1(-/-) mice had increased viral loads and a reduced T cell response compared with wild-type mice. Finally, an adoptive transfer of CX3CR1(+/+) DCs completely protected CX3CR1(-/-) mice to a previously lethal infection. This study therefore opens up the possibility of novel antiviral therapeutics targeting lung DC recruitment. 相似文献
83.
Suikinai Nobre Santos Faustos Klabund Ferraris Ana Olivia de Souza Maria das Graças Henriques Itamar Soares Melo 《Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)》2012,58(1-3):109-117
The recent increase in human diseases and cancers requires new drugs to combat them. Sources have been found in rare microorganisms, those from extreme habitats, and from endophytes. In this study, the biological activity of endophytic fungi associated with the Brazilian medicinal plant Combretum leprosum was assessed. Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects were evaluated using seven human cancer cells lines (HeLa, ECV304, B16F10, J744, P388, Jurkat and k562). In addition the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against pathogenic human fungal was determined using four Candida species and the filamentous fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton rubrum. A compound from extracts of phylotype Aspergillus oryzae CFE108 exhibited the most significant cytotoxicity effect against histiocytic sarcoma J774 (IC50 of 0.80 μg?mL?1), leukemia Jurkat (IC50 of 0.89 μg?mL?1), bladder carcinoma ECV304 (IC50 of 3.08 μg?mL?1) and cervical cancer HeLa (IC50 of 2.97 μg?mL?1). The extract from phylotypes Fusarium oxysporum CFE177 displayed antifungal activity and inhibited the growth of Candida glabrata (4 μg?mL?1) as well as that of C. neoformans and T. rubrum with the lowest MIC being 62.5 μg?mL?1. In addition, the fractions from A. oryzae CFE108 showed marked morphological activity (rounding up) on endothelial cells (tEnd.1 cells), which is indicative of potential antivascular activity. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with this medicinal plant may be a source of novel drugs. 相似文献
84.
Zizhen Yao Cindy T.J. van Velthoven Thuc Nghi Nguyen Jeff Goldy Adriana E. Sedeno-Cortes Fahimeh Baftizadeh Darren Bertagnolli Tamara Casper Megan Chiang Kirsten Crichton Song-Lin Ding Olivia Fong Emma Garren Alexandra Glandon Nathan W. Gouwens James Gray Lucas T. Graybuck Michael J. Hawrylycz Hongkui Zeng 《Cell》2021,184(12):3222-3241.e26
85.
Isabelle Roy Olivia Smith Christopher M. Clouthier Jeffrey W. Keillor 《Protein expression and purification》2013,87(1):41-46
The expression of soluble recombinant transglutaminase (TGase) has proven to be a challenge for many research groups. Herein, we report a complementary method for the expression, in BL21(DE3) Escherichia coli, of recombinant human tissue transglutaminase (hTG2) whose solubility is enhanced through N-terminal fusion to glutathione S-transferase (GST). Moreover, we report the cleavage of the GST tag using PreScission? Protease (PSP) and purification of hTG2 in its untagged form, distinctively suitable for subsequent studies of its remarkable conformational equilibrium. The effects of co-solvents and storage conditions on stability of purified hTG2 are also reported. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time the use of a convenient chromogenic assay to measure the activity of the human enzyme. The utility of this assay was demonstrated in the measurement of the kinetic parameters of a wide variety of substrates and inhibitors of both hTG2 and the extensively studied guinea pig liver TGase. Finally, comparison of these results provides further evidence for the functional similarity of the two enzymes. 相似文献
86.
Kelly C. Ryan Olivia E. Johnson Diane E. Cabelli Thomas C. Brunold Michael J. Maroney 《Journal of biological inorganic chemistry》2010,15(5):795-807
Nickel superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) is unique among the family of superoxide dismutase enzymes in that it coordinates Cys
residues (Cys2 and Cys6) to the redox-active metal center and exhibits a hexameric quaternary structure. To assess the role
of the Cys residues with respect to the activity of NiSOD, mutations of Cys2 and Cys6 to Ser (C2S-NiSOD, C6S-NiSOD, and C2S/C6S-NiSOD)
were carried out. The resulting mutants do not catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide, but retain the hexameric structure
found for wild-type NiSOD and bind Ni(II) ions in a 1:1 stoichiometry. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the Cys mutants
revealed that the nickel active-site structure for each mutant resembles that of C2S/C6S-NiSOD and demonstrate that mutation
of either Cys2 or Cys6 inhibits coordination of the remaining Cys residue. Mutation of one or both Cys residue(s) in NiSOD
induces the conversion of the low-spin Ni(II) site in the native enzyme to a high-spin Ni(II) center in the mutants. This
result indicates that coordination of both Cys residues is required to generate the native low-spin configurations and maintain
catalytic activity. Analysis of the quaternary structure of the Cys mutants by differential scanning calorimetry, mass spectrometry,
and size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the Cys ligands, particularly Cys2, are also important for stabilizing the
hexameric quaternary structure of the native enzyme. 相似文献
87.
E. Hesse A. Best M. Boots A. R. Hall A. Buckling 《Journal of evolutionary biology》2015,28(9):1682-1690
Abiotic environmental heterogeneity can promote the evolution of diverse resource specialists, which in turn may increase the degree of host–parasite specialization. We coevolved Pseudomonas fluorescens and lytic phage ?2 in spatially structured populations, each consisting of two interconnected subpopulations evolving in the same or different nutrient media (homogeneous and heterogeneous environments, respectively). Counter to the normal expectation, host–parasite specialization was significantly lower in heterogeneous compared with homogeneous environments. This result could not be explained by dispersal homogenizing populations, as this would have resulted in the heterogeneous treatments having levels of specialization equal to or greater than that of the homogeneous environments. We argue that selection for costly generalists is greatest when the coevolving species are exposed to diverse environmental conditions and that this can provide an explanation for our results. A simple coevolutionary model of this process suggests that this can be a general mechanism by which environmental heterogeneity can reduce rather than increase host–parasite specialization. 相似文献
88.
89.
Alberto Sánchez-Medina Solomon Habtemariam Olivia Corcoran Nigel C. Veitch 《Phytochemistry》2009,70(6):765-2704
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Sideroxylonfoetidissimum subsp. gaumeri (Sapotaceae) revealed activity against the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Systematic bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract gave an active saponin-containing fraction from which four saponins were isolated. Use of 1D (1H, 13C, DEPT135) and 2D (COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR, mass spectrometry and sugar analysis gave their structures as 3-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, 3-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)[β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, and the known compound, 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-protobassic acid. Two further saponins were obtained from the same fraction, but as a 5:4 mixture comprising 3-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)[β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid and 3-O-(β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-28-O-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-16α-hydroxyprotobassic acid, respectively. This showed greater cytotoxicity (IC50 = 11.9 ± 1.5 μg/ml) towards RAW 264.7 cells than the original extract (IC50 = 39.5 ± 4.1 μg/ml), and the saponin-containing fraction derived from it (IC50 = 33.7 ± 6.2 μg/ml). 相似文献
90.
Louise Lafortune Steven Martin Sarah Kelly Isla Kuhn Olivia Remes Andy Cowan Carol Brayne 《PloS one》2016,11(2)