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41.
42.
SecA protein: Autoregulated initiator of secretory precursor protein translocation across theE. coli plasma membrane 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Donald B. Oliver Robert J. Cabelli Gregory P. Jarosik 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》1990,22(3):311-336
Several classes ofsecA mutants have been isolated which reveal the essential role of this gene product forE. coli cell envelope protein secretion. SecA-dependent,in vitro protein translocation systems have been utilized to show that SecA is an essential, plasma membrane-associated, protein translocation factor, and that SecA's ATPase activity appears to play an essential but as yet undefined role in this process. Cell fractionation studies suggested that SecA protein is in a dynamic state within the cell, occurring in soluble, peripheral, and integral membraneous states. These data have been used to argue that SecA is likely to promote the initial insertion of secretory precursor proteins into the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on ATP hydrolysis. The protein secretion capability of the cell has been shown to translationally regulatesecA expression with SecA protein serving as an autogenous repressor, although the exact mechanism and purpose of this regulation need to be defined further. 相似文献
43.
Acclimation of barley to changes in light intensity: photosynthetic electron transport activity and components 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Barley seedlings (Hordeum vulgare L. Boone) were grown at 20°C with 16 h/8 h light/dark cycle of either high (H) intensity (500 mole m-2 s-1) or low (L) intensity (55 mole m-2 s-1) white light. Plants were transferred from high to low (H L) and low to high (L H) light intensity at various times from 4 to 8 d after leaf emergence from the soil. Primary leaves were harvested at the beginning of the photoperiod. Thylakoid membranes were isolated from 3 cm apical segments and assayed for photosynthetic electron transport, Photosystem II (PS II) atrazine-binding sites (QB), cytochrome f(Cytf) and the P-700 reaction center of Photosystem I (PS I). Whole chain, PS I and PS II electron transport activities were higher in H than in L controls. QB and Cytf were elevated in H plants compared with L plants. The acclimation of H L plants to low light occurred slowly over a period of 7 days and resulted in decreased whole chain and PS II electron transport with variable effects on PS I activity. The decrease in electron transport of H L plants was associated with a decrease in both QB and Cytf. In L H plants, acclimation to high light occurred slowly over a period of 7 days with increased whole chain, PS I and PS II activities. The increase in L H electron transport was associated with increased levels of QB and Cytf. In contrast to the light intensity effects on QB levels, the P-700 content was similar in both control and transferred plants. Therefore, PS II/PS I ratios were dependent on light environment.Abbreviations Asc
ascorbate
- BQ
2,5-dimethyl-p-benzoquinone
- DBMIB
2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone
- DCIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- H
control plants grown under high light intensity
- H L
plants transferred from high to low light intensity
- L
low control plants grown under low light intensity
- L H
plants transferred from low to high light intensity
- MV
methyl viologen
- P-700
photoreaction center of Photosystem I
- QB
atrazine binding site
- TMPD
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine
Cooperative investigations of the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC. Paper No. 11990 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7643, USA. 相似文献
44.
Immunocytochemical staining based on a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed neurosecretory cells (NSC) reactive to bovine insulin in five of 18 paraldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory regions (NSR) in the synganglion of unfed adult Dermacentor variabilis. This is the first report of a neuropeptide in an ixodid tick. The insulin-specific immunoreactive cells included the posterior medial group of the protocerebral center, posterior group of dorsal opisthosomal center, anterior lateral group of the dorso-lateral cheliceral center, dorsal group of the frontal stomodeal center, and anterior group of the ventral palpal center. After feeding and mating, females no longer had immunoreactive cells in three of five NSR found in virgin, unfed females. However, two cells of the posterior group in dorsal opisthosomal center and anterior lateral group of the dorso-lateral cheliceral center remained immunoreactive throughout feeding. Fed, mated males continued to display immunoreactive cells in four of five NSR found in the virgin, unfed males. All developmental stages of nymphs examined had insulin-specitic immunoreactive cells in two of the five NSR found in unfed adults, including two positively stained cells of the posterior group in dorsal opisthosomal center and anterior group of ventral palpal neurosecretory center. 相似文献
45.
Gabriel Gutiérrez Josep Casadesús Jose L. Oliver Antonio Marine 《Journal of molecular evolution》1994,39(4):340-346
E. coli genes that contain a high frequency of the tetranucleotide CTAG are also rich in the tetramers CTTG, CCTA, CCAA, TTGG, TAGG, and CAAG (group-I tetramers). Conversely, E. coli genes lacking CTAG are rich in the tetranucleotides CCTG, CCAG, CTGG, and CAGG (group-II tetramers). These two gene samples differ also in codon usage, amino acid composition, frequency of Dcm sites, and contrast vocabularies. Group-I tetramers have in common that they are depleted by very-short-patch repair (VSP), while group-II tetramers are favored by VSP activity. The VSP system repairs G:T mismatches to G:C, thereby increasing the overall G+C content of the genome; for this reason the CTAG-rich sample has a lower G+C content than the CTAG-poor sample. This compositional heterogeneity can be tentatively explained by a low level of VSP activity on the CTAG-rich sample. A negative correlation is found between the frequency of group-I tetramers and the level of gene expression, as measured by the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI). A possible link between the rate of VSP activity and the level of gene expression is considered.Correspondence to: A. Marine 相似文献
46.
Neelam Shahab Kamarulzaman Kamaruddin Jacqueline Platt Philip R Butler Stephen G Oliver Glyn Hobbs 《Biotechnology letters》1994,16(10):1015-1020
Summary In order to examine the physiology ofStreptomyces coelicolor when growing on solid media, we have employed a membrane overlay technique and used a new approach to extract substrate and product compounds from the agar. Comparisons made with liquid grown cultures indicate a change from non-growth associated productivity of actinorhodin in liquid culture, to growth associated production on agar plates. In contrast, the temporal control of methylenomycin production was virtually identical under both culture conditions. Considerable extracellular protein production was observed during growth on agar. 相似文献
47.
1D-IEF analysis of BoLA class I expression using allo-antisera reveals additional complexity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The use of the bovine allo-antisera in lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assays suggests that there is a single highly polymorphic class I product expressed by the BoLA system encoded by one locus. In contrast, biochemical techniques, such as 1D-IEF, reveal a complex pattern of bands for BoLA class I molecules from each animal. In order to understand the origins of this heterogeneity bovine allo-antisera were used in the immunoprecipitation step of 1D-IEF and the results compared with those from immunoprecipitation using the monoclonal antibody W6/32. By modifying existing protocols to include Gammabind G a range of bovine allo-antisera were used successfully to immunoprecpitate bovine MHC class I molecules. The results indicate that the bovine allo-antisera do not recognize all molecules previously assigned to BoLA class I serotypes by 1D-IEF. Furthermore, some of the allo-antisera immunoprecipitated molecules are not recognized by W6/32 and vice versa. This suggests that more than one polymorphic locus is expressed from the bovine MHC and that each allo-antiserum recognizes molecules encoded by different loci. Examination of the results also suggests the existence of linkage disequilibrium in the BoLA class I region. 相似文献
48.
Alan M. Goldberg John M. Frazier David Brusick Michael S. Dickens Oliver Flint Stephen D. Gettings Richard N. Hill Robert L. Lipnick Kevin J. Renskers June A. Bradlaw Robert A. Scala Bellina Veronesi Sidney Green Neil L. Wilcox Rodger D. Curren 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal》1993,29(9):688-692
Summary The development and application of in vitro alternatives designed to reduce or replace the use of animals, or to lessen the
distress and discomfort of laboratory animals, is a rapidly developing trend in toxicology. However, at present there is no
formal administrative process to organize, coordinate, or evaluate validation activities. A framework capable of fostering
the validation of new methods is essential for the effective transfer of new technologic developments from the research laboratory
into practical use. This committee has identified four essential validation resources: chemical bank(s), cell and tissue banks,
a data bank, and reference laboratories. The creation of a Scientific Advisory Board composed of experts in the various aspects
and endpoints of toxicity testing, and representing the academic, industrial, and regulatory communities, is recommended.
Test validation acceptance is contingent on broad buy-in by disparate groups in the scientific community—academics, industry,
and government. This is best achieved by early and frequent communication among parties and agreement on common goals. It
is hoped that the creation of a validation infrastructure composed of the elements described in this report will facilitate
scientific acceptance and utilization of alternative methodologies and speed implementation of replacement, reduction, and
refinement alternatives in toxicity testing. 相似文献
49.
R.M. de Figueroa I.L. Benito de Cárdenas F. Sesma F. Alvarez A. P. de Ruiz Holgado G. Oliver 《Journal of applied microbiology》1996,81(4):348-354
Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 exhibited diauxie when grown in a medium containing both glucose and citrate as energy source. Glucose was used as the primary energy source during the glucose-citrate diauxie. Uptake of citrate was carried out by an inducible citrate transport system. The induction of citrate uptake system was repressed in the presence of glucose. This repression was reversible and mediated by cAMP. 相似文献
50.
Molecular basis of intercellular adhesion in the biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
Christine Heilmann Oliver Schweitzer Christiane Gerke Nongnuch Vanittanakom Dietrich Mack Friedrich Götz 《Molecular microbiology》1996,20(5):1083-1091
The Staphylococcus epidermidis genes icaABC are involved in the synthesis of the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), which is located mainly on the cell surface, as shown by immunofluorescence studies with PIA-specific antiserum. PIA was shown to be a linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan composed of at least 130 2-deoxy-2-amino-D-glucopyrano-syl residues of which 80–85% are N-acetylated, the rest being non-N-acetylated and positively charged. A transposon insertion in the icaABC gene cluster (ica, intercellular adhesion) led to the loss of several traits, such as the ability to form a biofilm on a polystyrene surface, cell aggregation, and PIA production. The mutant could be complemented by transformation with the IcaABC-carrying plasmid pCN27. Transfer of pCN27 into the heterologous host Staphylococcus carnosus led to the formation of large cell aggregates, the formation of a biofilm on a glass surface, and PIA expression. The nucleotide sequence of icaABC suggests that the three genes are organized in an operon and that they are co-transcribed from the mapped ica A promoter. Ica A contains four potential transmembrane helices, indicative of a membrane location. The deduced Ica A sequence shows similarity to those of polysaccharide-polymerizing enzymes, the most pronounced being with a Rhizobium meliloti N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in lipo-chitin biosynthesis (22.5% overall identity and 37.4% overall similarity). This similarity suggests that Ica A has N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in the formation 相似文献