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101.
102.
Michael C. Oldfield 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1943,2(4309):163-165
103.
Crystal structures of ligand‐bound octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase from Escherichia coli reveal the catalytic and chain‐length determining mechanisms
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Chih‐Jung Kuo Chun‐Hsiang Huang Yingying Zheng Tzu‐Ping Ko Zhen Zhu Xinxin Feng Ke Wang Eric Oldfield Andrew H.‐J. Wang Po‐Huang Liang Rey‐Ting Guo Yanhe Ma 《Proteins》2015,83(1):37-45
Octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (OPPs) catalyzes consecutive condensation reactions of one allylic substrate farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and five homoallylic substrate isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) molecules to form a C40 long‐chain product OPP, which serves as a side chain of ubiquinone and menaquinone. OPPs belongs to the trans‐prenyltransferase class of proteins. The structures of OPPs from Escherichia coli were solved in the apo‐form as well as in complexes with IPP and a FPP thio‐analog, FsPP, at resolutions of 2.2–2.6 Å, and revealed the detailed interactions between the ligands and enzyme. At the bottom of the active‐site tunnel, M123 and M135 act in concert to form a wall which determines the final chain length. These results represent the first ligand‐bound crystal structures of a long‐chain trans‐prenyltransferase and provide new information on the mechanisms of catalysis and product chain elongation. Proteins 2015; 83:37–45. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
104.
Introduction
Recent evidence suggests that intervertebral disc (IVD) cells derived from degenerative tissue are unable to respond to physiologically relevant mechanical stimuli in the 'normal' anabolic manner, but instead respond by increasing matrix catabolism. Understanding the nature of the biological processes which allow disc cells to sense and respond to mechanical stimuli (a process termed 'mechanotransduction') is important to ascertain whether these signalling pathways differ with disease. The aim here was to investigate the involvement of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-4 in the response of annulus fibrosus (AF) cells derived from nondegenerative and degenerative tissue to cyclic tensile strain to determine whether cytokine involvement differed with IVD degeneration. 相似文献105.
Neuroendocrine pathways that regulate social behavior are remarkably conserved across divergent taxa. The neuropeptides arginine vasotocin/vasopressin (AVT/AVP) and their receptor V1a mediate aggression, space use, and mating behavior in male vertebrates. The hormone prolactin (PRL) also regulates social behavior across species, most notably paternal behavior. Both hormone systems may be involved in the evolution of monogamous mating systems. We compared AVT, AVT receptor V1a2, PRL, and PRL receptor PRLR1 gene expression in the brains as well as circulating androgen concentrations of free-living reproductively active males of two closely related North American cichlid species, the monogamous Herichthys cyanoguttatus and the polygynous Herichthys minckleyi. We found that H. cyanoguttatus males bond with a single female and together they cooperatively defend a small territory in which they reproduce. In H. minckleyi, a small number of large males defend large territories in which they mate with several females. Levels of V1a2 mRNA were higher in the hypothalamus of H. minckleyi, and PRLR1 expression was higher in the hypothalamus and telencephalon of H. minckleyi. 11-ketotestosterone levels were higher in H. minckleyi, while testosterone levels were higher in H. cyanoguttatus. Our results indicate that a highly active AVT/V1a2 circuit(s) in the brain is associated with space use and social dominance and that pair bonding is mediated either by a different, less active AVT/V1a2 circuit or by another neuroendocrine system. 相似文献
106.
The Tapora Landcare Group, operating on the Okahukura Peninsula, has the long-term goal of making this region predator fenced. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the current status of avian biodiversity and the bird community across the band of coastal wetlands on the Okahukura Peninsula. Bird counts were conducted and playback lures used to detect three cryptic wetland species: fernbirds (Bowdleria punctata); spotless crakes (Porzana tabuensis); and banded rails (Gallirallus philippensis). Fernbirds and banded rails were detected at seven of the eight wetland sites sampled whereas spotless crakes were detected at two sites. The native species with the highest relative abundance across the eight sites were silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) and South Island pied oystercatchers (Haematopus finschi). Changes in avian biodiversity over time in the region can now be monitored, and comprehensive long-term data on the status of avian biodiversity over time obtained. 相似文献
107.
Exploring the binding diversity of intrinsically disordered proteins involved in one‐to‐many binding
Wei‐Lun Hsu Christopher J. Oldfield Bin Xue Jingwei Meng Fei Huang Pedro Romero Vladimir N. Uversky A. Keith Dunker 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2013,22(3):258-273
Molecular recognition features (MoRFs) are intrinsically disordered protein regions that bind to partners via disorder‐to‐order transitions. In one‐to‐many binding, a single MoRF binds to two or more different partners individually. MoRF‐based one‐to‐many protein–protein interaction (PPI) examples were collected from the Protein Data Bank, yielding 23 MoRFs bound to 2–9 partners, with all pairs of same‐MoRF partners having less than 25% sequence identity. Of these, 8 MoRFs were bound to 2–9 partners having completely different folds, whereas 15 MoRFs were bound to 2–5 partners having the same folds but with low sequence identities. For both types of partner variation, backbone and side chain torsion angle rotations were used to bring about the conformational changes needed to enable close fits between a single MoRF and distinct partners. Alternative splicing events (ASEs) and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) were also found to contribute to distinct partner binding. Because ASEs and PTMs both commonly occur in disordered regions, and because both ASEs and PTMs are often tissue‐specific, these data suggest that MoRFs, ASEs, and PTMs may collaborate to alter PPI networks in different cell types. These data enlarge the set of carefully studied MoRFs that use inherent flexibility and that also use ASE‐based and/or PTM‐based surface modifications to enable the same disordered segment to selectively associate with two or more partners. The small number of residues involved in MoRFs and in their modifications by ASEs or PTMs may simplify the evolvability of signaling network diversity. 相似文献
108.
Akila Katuwawala Christopher J. Oldfield Lukasz Kurgan 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2020,29(1):184-200
The intense interest in the intrinsically disordered proteins in the life science community, together with the remarkable advancements in predictive technologies, have given rise to the development of a large number of computational predictors of intrinsic disorder from protein sequence. While the growing number of predictors is a positive trend, we have observed a considerable difference in predictive quality among predictors for individual proteins. Furthermore, variable predictor performance is often inconsistent between predictors for different proteins, and the predictor that shows the best predictive performance depends on the unique properties of each protein sequence. We propose a computational approach, DISOselect, to estimate the predictive performance of 12 selected predictors for individual proteins based on their unique sequence‐derived properties. This estimation informs the users about the expected predictive quality for a selected disorder predictor and can be used to recommend methods that are likely to provide the best quality predictions. Our solution does not depend on the results of any disorder predictor; the estimations are made based solely on the protein sequence. Our solution significantly improves predictive performance, as judged with a test set of 1,000 proteins, when compared to other alternatives. We have empirically shown that by using the recommended methods the overall predictive performance for a given set of proteins can be improved by a statistically significant margin. DISOselect is freely available for non‐commercial users through the webserver at http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/DISOselect/ . 相似文献
109.
Sara Oldfield 《云南植物研究》2011,(1):I0003-I0003
At the first international symposium of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden held on October11-14,2010,26representatives from13countries and 111 represents from69institutes and organizations of China came together for a program of presentations.The symposiumwas organized by Shanghai Landscaping Administrative Bureau,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences 相似文献
110.