Reconstitution of photosynthetic charge accumulation and oxygen evolution in CaCl2-treated PS II particles: II: EPR evidence for reactivation of the S1 → S2 transition in CaCl2-treated PS II particles with the 17-, 23-, and 34-kDa proteins

Extraction of PS II particles with 1 M CaCl₂ caused complete disappearance of the light-induced signal of the possible Kok S₂ state of the water-splitting complex and total loss of the O₂, evolving activity, concomitant with perfect removal of the 17-, 23- and 34-kDa proteins from the particles. The recovery of the multiline signal in the CaCl₂-treated PS II was performed by reinserting the 34-kDa protein, when CI^? was present in the solution for the EPR measurement. However, in the absence of Cl^?, besides the 34-kDa protein, the 17- and 23-kDa proteins were required for the recovery of the signal. These results are compared with the results on the recovery of the O₂, evolution in the reconstituted PS II to examine the role of these three proteins on the water splitting.     

Changes in sporulation ability during the vegetative cell cycle insaccharomyces cerevisiae

The relationship between the sporulation ability and the stage of the vegetative cell cycle was studied. The ability of mature cells to sporulate was the highest just before bud initiation and decreased rapidly as soon as detectable buds appeared. The mitotic DNA synthesis was competitive with the premeiotic one.     

New organic reference materials for carbon- and nitrogen-stable isotope ratio measurements provided by Center for Ecological Research,Kyoto University,and Institute of Biogeosciences,Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

We determined both carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of ten organic reference materials (CERKU-01 to CERKU-10) in the Center for Ecological Research (CER), Kyoto University, and three organic reference materials (BG-A, BG-P, and BG-T) in the Institute of Biogeosciences (BioGeos), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), using an internationally recommended calibration method of two-point anchoring. The reference materials cover δ¹³C_VPDB range of −34.92 to −9.45‰ and δ¹⁵N_Air range of −5.22 to 22.71‰ and can be used to measure isotope ratios of naturally occurring substances.