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51.
Yamshchikov GV Mullins DW Chang CC Ogino T Thompson L Presley J Galavotti H Aquila W Deacon D Ross W Patterson JW Engelhard VH Ferrone S Slingluff CL 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2005,174(11):6863-6871
Immune-mediated control of tumors may occur, in part, through lysis of malignant cells by CD8(+) T cells that recognize specific Ag-HLA class I complexes. However, tumor cell populations may escape T cell responses by immune editing, by preventing formation of those Ag-HLA complexes. It remains unclear whether the human immune system can respond to immune editing and recognize newly arising escape variants. We report an example of shifting immune responses to escape variants in a patient with sequential metastases of melanoma and long-term survival after surgery alone. Tumor cells in the first metastasis escaped immune recognition via selective loss of an HLA haplotype (HLA-A11, -B44, and -Cw17), but maintained expression of HLA-A2. In the second metastasis, immune escape from an immunodominant MART-1-specific T cell response was mediated by HLA class I down-regulation, resulting in a failure to present this epitope, but persistent presentation of a tyrosinase-derived epitope. Consequent to this modification in tumor Ag presentation, the dominant CTL response shifted principally toward a tyrosinase-targeted response, even though tyrosinase-specific CTL had been undetectable during the initial metastatic event. Thus, in response to immune editing of tumor cells, a patient's spontaneous T cell response adapted, gaining the ability to recognize and to lyse "edited" tumor targets. The observation of both immune editing and immune adaptation in a patient with long-term survival after surgery alone demonstrates an example of immune system reactivity to counteract the escape mechanism(s) developed by tumor cells, which may contribute to the clinical outcome of malignant disease. 相似文献
52.
Kinetics and mechanism of a reaction catalyzed by PST-01 protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PST-01
Bobe IM Abdelmoez W Ogino H Yasuda M Ishimi K Ishikawa H 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2004,86(3):365-373
The initial rates of carboxybenzoyl-alanyl-l-leucyl-amide (Z-L-Ala-L-Leu-NH(2)) synthesis from carboxybenzoyl-L-alanine (Z-L-Ala) and L-leucineamide (L-Leu-NH(2)) and Z-L-Ala-L-Leu-NH(2) hydrolysis in a homogeneous dimethyl sulfoxide-aqueous buffer solution [1:1 (v/v)] system catalyzed by PST-01 protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured under a wide range of Z-L-Ala, L-Leu-NH(2) and Z-L-Ala-L-Leu-NH(2) concentrations. The initial rates of the synthetic reaction, in which Z-L-Ala-L-Leu-NH(2) was produced from Z-L-Ala and L-Leu-NH(2), were inhibited by the substrates. Furthermore, the initial rates of the synthetic reaction were not inhibited by the product Z-L-Ala-L-Leu-NH(2), and those of the hydrolytic reaction were inhibited by Z-L-Ala and L-Leu-NH(2). All the initial rate data of the synthetic and hydrolytic reactions were well correlated with the rate equation derived based on the proposed reaction scheme. 相似文献
53.
54.
Three strains of Mn-oxidizing fungi were isolated from manganese-rich aquatic environments: sediment in a stream (Komanoyu)
in Mori-machi and inflow to an artificial wetland in Kaminokuni-cho, Hokkaido, Japan. The characteristics of each strain were
then established. Genetic analysis based on the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was performed to clarify their classification. The
sequences of the 18S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 genes showed that all three strains are Ascomycetes.
Based on its morphology, it seems probable that the KY-1 strain from Mori-machi belongs to the genus Phoma or Ampelomyces. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that this strain belongs to Phoma rather than Ampelomyces. Morphological identification of WL-1 and WL-2 strains from Kaminokuni-cho was impossible because of the lack of a sexual
stage and specific organs. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence in the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 gene suggests that the WL-1 strain
corresponds to Paraconyothyrium sporulosum and that WL-2 also belongs to the genus Paraconiothyrium. Because the ability to oxidize Mn has not been evaluated for most species of Phoma or Paraconiothyrium (Coniothyrium), further study is needed to confirm the status of these three strains. 相似文献
55.
Two essential residues playing critical roles in determining the substrate specificities of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) have been identified from the alignment of high-affinity (GLN1;1 and GLN1;4) and low-affinity (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) GS1 isoenzymes in Arabidopsis, and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The results indicated that either K49Q or A174S mutation is sufficient to increase the catalytic efficiencies of GLN1;3 by decreasing its Km values for ammonium. In contrast, replacement of Gln49 and Ser174 by lysine and alanine, respectively, was detrimental to glutamine synthetic activities in GLN1;4. The results suggested that Gln49 and Ser174 in the high-affinity GS1 isoenzymes are interchangeable with Lys49 and Ala174 in the low-affinity variants at the corresponding positions. 相似文献
56.
Assembly of the type III secretion apparatus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Ogino T Ohno R Sekiya K Kuwae A Matsuzawa T Nonaka T Fukuda H Imajoh-Ohmi S Abe A 《Journal of bacteriology》2006,188(8):2801-2811
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) secretes many Esps (E. coli-secreted proteins) and effectors via the type III secretion (TTS) system. We previously identified a novel needle complex (NC) composed of a basal body and a needle structure containing an expandable EspA sheath-like structure as a central part of the EPEC TTS apparatus. To further investigate the structure and protein components of the EPEC NC, we purified it in successive centrifugal steps. Finally, NCs with long EspA sheath-like structures could be separated from those with short needle structures on the basis of their densities. Although the highly purified NC appeared to lack an inner ring in the basal body, its core structure, composed of an outer ring and a central rod, was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Western blot, and immunoelectron microscopic analyses revealed that EscC was a major protein component of the outer ring in the core basal body. To investigate the mechanisms of assembly of the basal body, interactions between the presumed components of the EPEC TTS apparatus were analyzed by a glutathione S-transferase pulldown assay. The EscC outer ring protein was associated with both the EscF needle protein and EscD, a presumed inner membrane protein. EscF was also associated with EscJ, a presumed inner ring protein. Furthermore, escC, escD, and escJ mutant strains were unable to produce the TTS apparatus, and thereby the secretion of the Esp proteins and Tir effector was abolished. These results indicate that EscC, EscD, and EscJ are required for the formation of the TTS apparatus. 相似文献
57.
十二指肠上皮细胞转铁蛋白受体表达调控的免疫组织化学观察与铁吸收机制的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
转铁蛋白受体(TfR)在细胞的铁转运方面起重要作用。本研究用免疫组织化学法比较铁缺乏(甲组)、铁过剩(乙组)与对照组(丙组)Wistar系大鼠活体十二指肠上皮细胞TfR的表达调控及其在铁吸收过程中的意义。结果表明:甲组十二指肠上皮细胞内TfR表达明显强于雨组,乙组TfR表达最弱。可见TfR的表达在一定范围内随体内铁含量的增高或降低而减弱或增强,受铁状态的负调节。丙组TfR主要位于细胞基底部,游离面TfR表达不明显。甲组细胞TfR表达增强,基底部可见线状TfR高强度表达。乙组虽TfR表达明显减弱,但在细胞基底部仍可见线状TfR表达。提示十二指肠上皮细胞基底部有TfR介导的铁转运,而铁从上皮的游离面进入细胞内并非由TfR介导。三组动物小肠粘膜固有层中均可见TfR阳性的巨噬细胞。在铁过剩组、此巨噬细胞数量增加,且TfR表达未受明显抑制。认为铁过剩时,粘膜固有层的巨噬细胞内可贮存过量的铁,减少其对实质细胞、组织的损伤。 相似文献
58.
Nishimura Y Shishido T Ishii J Tanaka T Ogino C Kondo A 《Journal of biotechnology》2012,157(1):124-129
Bio-nanocapsules (BNCs) are hollow nanoparticles composed of the L protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), which can specifically introduce genes and drugs into various kinds of target cells. Although the classic electroporation method has typically been used to introduce highly charged molecules such as DNA, it is rarely adopted for proteins due to its very low efficiency. In this study, a novel approach to the preparation of BNC was established whereby a target protein was pre-encapsulated during the course of nanoparticle formation. Briefly, because of the process of BNC formation in a budding manner on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, the association of target proteins to the ER membrane with lipidation sequences (ER membrane localization sequences) could directly generate protein-encapsulating BNC in collaboration with co-expression of the L proteins. Since the membrane-localized proteins are automatically enveloped into BNCs during the budding event, this method can be protect the proteins and BNCs from damage caused by electroporation and obviate the need for laborious consideration to study the optimal conditions for protein encapsulation. This approach would be a useful method for encapsulating therapeutic candidate proteins into BNCs. 相似文献
59.
Hara KY Kim S Yoshida H Kiriyama K Kondo T Okai N Ogino C Fukuda H Kondo A 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2012,93(4):1495-1502
Glutathione is a valuable tri-peptide that is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Glutathione
is produced industrially by fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and supplementation of fermentation with several amino acids can increase intracellular GSH content. More recently, however,
focus has been given to protein as a resource for biofuel and fine chemical production. We demonstrate that expression of
a protease on the cell surface of S. cerevisiae enables the direct use of keratin and soy protein as a source of amino acids and that these substrates enhanced intracellular
GSH content. Furthermore, fermentation using soy protein also enhanced cell concentration. GSH fermentation from keratin and
to a greater extent from soy protein using protease-displaying yeast yielded greater GSH productivity compared to GSH fermentation
with amino acid supplementation. This protease-displaying yeast is potentially applicable to a variety of processes for the
bio-production of value-added chemicals from proteinaceous biomass resources. 相似文献
60.
Kawaguchi A Ochi H Sudou N Ogino H 《The International journal of developmental biology》2012,56(4):295-300
The regulated removal of the gene-silencing epigenetic mark, trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), has been shown to be critical for tissue-specific activation of developmental genes; however, the extent of embryonic expression of its demethylases, JMJD3 and UTX, has remained unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of jmjd3 and utx genes in Xenopus embryos in parallel with that of the H3K27 methylase gene, ezh2. At the blastula stage, jmjd3, utx and ezh2 showed similar expression patterns in the animal cap and marginal zone that give rise to the ectoderm and mesoderm, respectively. The three genes maintained similar expression patterns in the neural plate, preplacodal ectoderm and axial mesoderm during the gastrula and neurula stages. Later, expression was maintained in the developing brain and cranial sensory tissues, such as the eye and ear, of tailbud embryos. These findings suggest that the H3K27 demethylases and methylase may function continuously for progressive switching of genetic programs during neural development, a model involving the simultaneous action of both of the demethylases for the de-repression of silent genes and the methylase for the silencing of active genes. 相似文献