Solid-state fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki HD-73 maintains higher biomass and spore yields as compared to submerged fermentation using the same media

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - To determine the growth kinetic parameters, substrate consumption and spore yields for Bacillus thuringiensis, liquid fermentation (SmF) and solid-state...     

Immunocytochemical detection of estrogen receptors in a hormone-unresponsive mammary tumor

A combination of two monoclonal antibodies and high resolution immunocytochemical technique was applied to label estrogen receptors in spontaneous mouse mammary tumors. Protein A-colloidal gold complex was used as an electron opaque marker. With this procedure estrogen receptors were labelled in the nuclei of cancer cells, predominantly over heterochromatin. In the cytoplasm a slight tagging of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was detected, apparently related with the sites of receptor biosynthesis. Other organelles and the mammary tumor viruses (MuMTV) were not stained immunocytochemically. The immunocytochemical procedure applied in this investigation allowed the detection of low levels of estrogen receptors in an estrogen-unresponsive mammary carcinoma. The presence of estrogen receptors with a specific distribution in estrogen-independent tumors suggests the need of a reevaluation of their capacity as indicators of hormone-dependence in mammary carcinomas.