东南沿海部队皮肤浅部真菌病的调查研究

目的了解东南沿海部队官兵近年真菌菌种构成情况及调查浅部真菌病非高发季节的患病率。方法于11月对浙江地区和福建地区某部队官兵共324人进行浅部真菌病患病情况调查,通过临床检查确定皮肤病种类和感染人(次),对于临床诊断为浅部真菌病的官兵进行真菌镜检证实后明确诊断,并留菌种进行真菌培养。结果真菌感染性疾病患病率为55.2%(324人中179人发病),其中手足癣158人次(48.8%),体股癣35人次(10.8%),花斑癣24人次(7.4%),马拉色菌毛囊炎18人次(5.6%),甲癣5人次(1.5%)。真菌镜检阳性率为76.36%,首位致病菌为红色毛癣菌71株,占84.5%。结论部队尤其是亚热带地区部队,浅部真菌病的患病率较高,不同驻地官兵患皮肤浅部真菌病有差异,而服役年限及兵源与患皮肤浅部真菌病之间无显著差异。     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Antimicrobial – Pro-Proliferative Peptide Conjugates

Skin represents the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in its protection from the negative impact of the outside environment, maintains its homeostasis, enables sensory interaction and thermoregulation. The traumatized skin tissue undergoes several phenotype switches due to progressive reoxygenation and release of cytokine and growth factors, that activate mechanisms of reparative processes. However, in case of wounds colonized with pathogenic microflora natural regenerative mechanisms become substantially impaired, that could lead to chronic inflammatory states with non-healing skin lesions. Herein, we present the initial results of our studies aimed at the design of bifunctional peptide-based compounds. The chemical approach, that was utilized in this work, was based on the conjugation of antimicrobial peptides with the peptides, that have potential pro-proliferative and/or cytoprotective activity towards human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, in order to obtain antimicrobials with reduced cytotoxicity or compounds that maintain both activities, i.e. inhibit bacterial or fungi growth and activate cell proliferation/migration in in vitro tests. As a result, we obtained a group of peptide conjugates that effectively inhibited the growth of selected bacterial and fungi strains and were able to stimulate proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts under their effective microbicidal concentrations.     

Aflatoxin contamination of rice in the United Arab Emirates

Many people in the United Arab Emirates store rice in large quantities for long periods of time before use. Five hundred samples of rice were collected from households in Al-Ain city during the summers of 1992-1994. Aflatoxin B₁ was detected in 160 samples (64%) of long grain rice and 81 Samples (32%) of short grain rice at levels ranging from 1.2 to 16.5 μg/kg. The moisture content of samples varied between 5.7% and 15.3%. Species ofAspergillus andPenicillium (includingA. flavus andA. parasiticus) were isolated from discoloured, broken and insect damaged grain and it was confirmed that at least two of the isolates ofA. flavus were aflatoxigenic. These findings demonstrate that rice may contribute to dietary exposure to aflatoxins which are known to be carcinogenic and immunosuppressive.     

鸡PPARγ基因的表达特性及其对脂肪细胞增殖分化的影响

为分析鸡PPARγ基因的组织表达特性及其在脂肪细胞增殖和分化过程中的功能,文章以东北农业大学高、低腹脂双向选择品系肉鸡为实验材料,利用Western blotting方法,检测PPARγ基因的组织表达特性及其在高、低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织间的表达差异;采用RNAi技术,在鸡原代脂肪细胞中抑制PPARγ基因的表达后,通过MTT和油红O提取比色的方法,研究鸡PPARγ基因对脂肪细胞增殖和分化的调控作用;利用Real-timePCR和Western blotting技术,分析PPARγ基因表达下调后,其他脂肪细胞分化转录因子以及与脂肪细胞分化相关的重要基因的表达变化情况。结果表明,PPARγ基因在7周龄高脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织、肌胃、脾脏、肾脏组织中表达量较高,在心脏中表达量较低,在肝脏、胸肌、腿肌、十二指肠中未检测到表达信号;与高脂系相比,PPARγ基因在5和7周龄低脂系肉鸡腹部脂肪组织中的表达量较低(P<0.05);PPARγ基因的表达量下降后,鸡脂肪细胞的增殖能力增强,分化能力减弱;同时,C/EBPα、SREBP1、A-FABP、Perilipin1、LPL、IGFBP-2基因的表达量均下降(P<0.05)。由此可见,PPARγ基因的表达可能与肉鸡腹部脂肪的沉积有一定的关系,该基因可能是调控鸡脂肪细胞增殖与分化的关键因子。     

PtrWRKY51基因的克隆及抗旱表达特性分析

为明确毛果杨WRKY家族成员PtrWRKY51基因功能,以Nisqually-1株系毛果杨为模板,克隆得到PtrWRKY51基因CDS序列。通过生物信息学分析,结合酵母自激活验证、亚细胞定位及模拟干旱胁迫下的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)对PtrWRKY51基因功能进行初步研究。结果表明：PtrWRKY51全长579 bp,编码192 aa。生物信息学分析及亚细胞定位试验结果表明,PtrWRKY51蛋白为非跨膜碱性不稳定亲水蛋白,定位于细胞核,含有WRKY家族特有的保守结构域,是第IIc类WRKY转录因子;酵母自激活验证试验表明PtrWRKY51基因具有自激活活性;qRT-PCR分析表明,8%PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫下,该基因在胁迫12 h后茎部与叶部相对表达量达到最大值,根部则出现在24 h,研究可为PtrWRKY51抗逆及生物学功能进一步研究提供参考。     

温度植被干旱指数在2000-2015年松嫩平原土壤湿度中的应用

选取了时间序列良好的MODIS影像,对松嫩平原2000-2015年逐月的温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）进行计算,并结合农业气象站点的相对土壤湿度数据进行对比验证,发现TVDI和相对土壤湿度数据具有良好的相关关系,表明TVDI可以作为表示土壤含水量的指标。重建1 km分辨率的松嫩平原作物生长季（4-10月）表层土壤湿度空间信息数据集,引入集合经验模态分解分析方法探究了松嫩平原土壤湿度的时空变化特征及变化趋势,并探讨了松嫩平原土壤湿度变化对农作物产量的影响。结果表明,近16年来松嫩平原土壤湿度的时间变化趋势是逐渐变湿,土壤湿度的空间变化趋势是由西南向东北逐渐变湿,极端土壤缺水事件频率呈现出增高的趋势。松嫩平原粮食产量和年均土壤湿度水平显著相关说明粮食产量受到年平均土壤湿度的影响显著,不同季相的土壤湿度对粮食产量的影响程度差异较大,夏季土壤湿度对粮食产量的影响尤为明显。     

Polymorphic microsatellite primers developed from DNA of the endangered Mekong giant catfish,Pangasianodon gigas (Chevey) and cross‐species amplification in three species of Pangasius

The critically endangered Pangasianodon gigas is endemic to the Mekong River. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity and conservation efforts are hampered. Ten polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite primer pairs were developed from DNA of P. gigas. The analysis of 20 individuals from hatchery stocks using these primers resulted in two to six alleles/locus; H_O = 0.05–0.95; H_E = 0.05–0.81. All but one locus (Pg‐3) conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectation. Eight, six and seven primer pairs were amplified with the DNA from Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Pangasius larnaudii and Pangasius sanitwongsei, respectively. These markers will be useful for genetic monitoring of wild and hatchery stocks of these pangasiids.