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Pig to human xenotransplantation is considered a possible solution to the
prevailing chronic lack of human donor organs for allotransplantation. The
Galalpha1,3Gal determinant is the major porcine xenogeneic epitope causing
hyperacute rejection following human antibody binding and complement
activation. In order to characterize the tissue distribution of
Galalpha1,3Gal-containing and blood group- type glycosphingolipids in pig,
acid and nonacid glycosphingolipids were isolated from the kidney, small
intestine, spleen, salivary gland, liver, and heart of a single pig
obtained from a semi-inbred strain homozygous at the SLA locus. Glycolipids
were analyzed by thin-layer immunostaining using monoclonal antibodies, and
following ceramide glycanase cleavage as permethylated oligosaccharides by
gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and matrix-
assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The kidney
contained large amounts of Galalpha1,3Gal-containing penta- and
hexasaccharides having carbohydrate sequences consistent with the
Galalpha1,3nLc4and Galalpha1,3Lexstructures, respectively. The former
structure was tentatively identified in all organs by GC/MS. The presence
of extended Galalpha1,3Gal-terminated structures in the kidney and heart
was suggested by antibody binding, and GC/MS indicated the presence of a
Galalpha1,3nLc6structure in the heart. The kidney, spleen, and heart
contained blood group H pentaglycosylceramides based on type 1 (H-5-1) and
type 2 (H-5-2) chains, and H hexaglycosylceramides based on the type 4
chain (H-6-4). In the intestine H-5-1 and H-6-4 were expressed, in the
salivary gland H-5-1 and H-5-2, whereas only the H-5-1 structure was
identified in the liver. Blood group A structures were identified in the
salivary gland and the heart by antibody binding and GC/MS, indicating an
organ- specific expression of blood group AH antigens in the pig.
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Background
Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, affects a large number of people in both the USA and Europe. The mouse is a natural host for this spirochete and is widely used as a model system to study Lyme pathogenesis mechanisms. Since disease manifestations often depend upon the spirochete burden in a particular tissue, it is critical to accurately measure the bacterial number in infected tissues. The current methods either lack sensitivity and specificity (SYBR Green), or require independent analysis of samples in parallel to quantitate host and bacterial DNA (TaqMan). We have developed a novel molecular beacon-based convenient multiplex real-time quantitative PCR assay to identify and detect small numbers of B. burgdorferi in infected mouse tissues. 相似文献14.
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Tajvur P Saber CT Ng Guillaume Renard Bernadette M Lynch Eliza Pontifex Ceara AE Walsh Alexia Grier Marian Molloy Barry Bresnihan Oliver FitzGerald Ursula Fearon Douglas J Veale 《Arthritis research & therapy》2010,12(3):1-6
Introduction
Since remission is now possible in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) we wished to examine remission rates in PsA patients following anti tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapy and to examine possible predictors of response.Methods
Analysis of a prospective patient cohort attending a biologic clinic, between November 2004 and March 2008, was performed prior to commencing therapy and at regular intervals. Baseline clinical characteristics including demographics, previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) response, tender and swollen joint counts, early morning stiffness, pain visual analogue score, patient global assessment, C reactive protein (CRP) and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) were collected.Results
A total of 473 patients (152 PsA; 321 rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) were analyzed. At 12 months remission, defined according to the disease activity score using 28 joint count and CRP (DAS28-CRP), was achieved in 58% of PsA patients compared to 44% of RA patients, significant improvement in outcome measures were noted in both groups (P < 0.05). Analysis of a subgroup of PsA and RA patients matched for DAS28-CRP at baseline also showed higher numbers of PsA patients achieving remission. Linear regression analysis identified the HAQ at baseline as the best predictor of remission in PsA patients (P < 0.001).Conclusions
DAS28 remission is possible in PsA patients at one year following anti-TNF therapy, at higher rates than in RA patients and is predicted by baseline HAQ. 相似文献16.
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Cross validation (CV) was used to analyze the effects of different environments and different genotypic samples on estimates of the proportion of genotypic variance explained by QTL (p). Testcrosses of 344 F(3) maize lines grown in four environments were evaluated for a number of agronomic traits. In each of 200 replicated CV runs, this data set was subdivided into an estimation set (ES) and various test sets (TS). ES were used to map QTL and estimate p for each run (p(ES)) and its median (p(ES)) across all runs. The bias of these estimates was assessed by comparison with the median (p(TS.ES)) obtained from TS. We also used two independent validation samples derived from the same cross for further comparison. The median p(ES) showed a large upward bias compared to p(TS.ES). Environmental sampling generally had a smaller effect on the bias of p(ES) than genotypic sampling or both factors simultaneously. In independent validation, p(TS.ES) was on average only 50% of p(ES). A wide range among p(ES) reflected a large sampling error of these estimates. QTL frequency distributions and comparison of estimated QTL effects indicated a low precision of QTL localization and an upward bias in the absolute values of estimated QTL effects from ES. CV with data from three QTL studies reported in the literature yielded similar results as those obtained with maize testcrosses. We therefore recommend CV for obtaining asymptotically unbiased estimates of p and consequently a realistic assessment of the prospects of MAS. 相似文献
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Maher M. Fadel Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar Shimaa K. Zwain Hany M. Ibrahim Eman AE. badr 《Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports》2021
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the serum level of netrin and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-I) in patients with type IΙ diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and evaluate the association of their levels with the development of a diabetic complication.Patients and methodsThis study was carried out on type II diabetic patients with and without complications and healthy individuals served as controls. All subjects were submitted to the estimation of serum lipid profile, serum creatinine, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), visceral adiposity index (VAI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and detection of serum level of netrin1 and VCAM1.ResultsDiabetic patients with complications had significantly higher serum levels of creatinine, ACR, cholesterol, Triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, netrin1, and VCAM1 than diabetic patients without complications. Likewise, the level of VAI and LAP as markers of excessive body fat were significantly higher in diabetic patients with complications than diabetic patients without complications. The netrin1 and VCAM1 were a significant discriminator of T2DM renal complications with a sensitivity of 96%, 90%, and specificity of 82.7%, 91.3% respectively.ConclusionIt can be concluded that serum netrin1 and VCAM1 correlated significantly with markers of excessive body fat, a renal complication in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 相似文献