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51.
52.
Gene conversion and natural selection in the evolution of X-linked color vision genes in higher primates 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
During higher primate evolution, gene conversion seems to have occurred
often between the red and green photo-pigment genes, which are tandemly
linked on the X chromosome. To understand this phenomenon better, intron 4
sequences of the red and green pigment genes of a male human (an Asian
Indian), a male chimpanzee, and a male baboon were amplified by PCR and
sequenced. The data show that the intron 4 sequences between the two genes
have been strongly or completely homogenized in the three species studied.
Apparently recent gene conversion events have occurred in introns 4 of the
red and green pigment genes in humans and chimpanzees. Two or more
conversion events may have occurred at different times in introns 4 of the
two pigment genes in baboons. The divergence between the two genes is
significantly lower in intron 4 than in exons 4 and 5 in each species,
contrary to the usual situation that introns evolve faster than exons. It
is most likely that strong natural selection for maintaining the distinct
functions of exons 4 and 5 of the red and green pigment genes has acted
against sequence homogenization of these exons.
相似文献
53.
54.
Background
The chondrichthyan or cartilaginous fish (chimeras, sharks, skates and rays) occupy an important phylogenetic position as the sister group to all other jawed vertebrates and as an early lineage to diverge from the vertebrate lineage following two whole genome duplication events in vertebrate evolution. There have been few comparative genomic analyses incorporating data from chondrichthyan fish and none comparing genomic information from within the group. We have sequenced the complete Hoxa cluster of the Little Skate (Leucoraja erinacea) and compared to the published Hoxa cluster of the Horn Shark (Heterodontus francisci) and to available data from the Elephant Shark (Callorhinchus milii) genome project. 相似文献55.
Monospecific antibodies have been prepared with a homogeneousprotein fraction of the main activity band of pea seed glutamatedehydrogenase. This protein precipitates with its antibodiesin a single band with complete fusion as seen by the Ouchterlonydouble-diffusion test. Identical behaviour is observed withthe protein of the adjacent activity bands of the multiple molecularforms of this enzyme and the antibodies to the former fraction.Organ-specific isoenzymes of glutamate dehydrogenasewith preparations of pea roots and epicotyls are not detectedby this procedure. Partially purified glutamate dehydrogenasepreparations from Lemna perpusilla, Zea mays, and Oryza sativaalso precipitate with the antibodies to the pea protein. TheLemna protein is shown to be different from the pea enzyme asjudged from immunological behaviour. The pea antibodies1 donot cross-react with glutamate dehydrogenases from Candida orbeef liver, nor do the beef liver antibodies react with thepea and Candida enzymes. 相似文献
56.
X-ray Microanalysis of the Mineral Contents of Some Protozoa 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
NORBERT RIEDER HUBERT A. OTT PETER PFUNDSTEIN ROBERT SCHOCH 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1982,29(1):15-18
With the aid of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, several protozoa were tested for content of cations within inorganic minerals. The skeleton of acantharia consists mainly of Sr with small quantities of Ca and Ba. Two Loxodes species contain nothing but Ba, while in some Remanella species Sr with small quantities of Ba were present. In one Geleia species, Ca with small quantities of Sr was found; in two Trachelocerca species from Sylt (Germany), Ba is there in addition. Another Trachelocerca species from northern Italy lacked Ba, but did possess Mn. In Prorodon only Ca was found. 相似文献
57.
We present a simple Monte Carlo method for estimating the age of the most
recent common ancestor (MRCA) of a sample of DNA sequences. We show that
Templeton's (1993) estimator of the age of the MRCA based on the maximum
number of nucleotide differences between two sequences in a sample is
inaccurate, and we demonstrate the new method by reanalyzing a sample of
DNA sequences from human Y chromosomes and a sample of human Alu sequences.
相似文献
58.
Peter WH Holland 《Genome biology》2000,1(4):reports4017.1-reports40172
A report on the 'Nuclear architecture and control of gene expression' minisymposium at the first meeting of the European Life Scientists Organisation (ELSO), Geneva, Switzerland, September 2-6, 2000. 相似文献
59.
Human red and green visual pigment genes are X-linked duplicate genes. To
study their evolutionary history, introns 2 and 4 (1,987 and 1,552 bp,
respectively) of human red and green pigment genes were sequenced.
Surprisingly, we found that intron 4 sequences of these two genes are
identical and that the intron 2 sequences differ by only 0.3%. The low
divergences are unexpected because the duplication event producing the two
genes is believed to have occurred before the separation of the human and
Old World monkey (OWM) lineages. Indeed, the divergences in the two introns
are significantly lower than both the synonymous divergence (3.2% +/- 1.1%)
and the nonsynonymous divergence (2.0% +/- 0.5%) in the coding sequences
(exons 1-6). A comparison of partial sequences of exons 4 and 5 of human
and OWM red and green pigment genes supports the hypothesis that the gene
duplication occurred before the human-OWM split. In conclusion, the high
similarities in the two intron sequences might be due to very recent gene
conversion, probably during evolution of the human lineage.
相似文献
60.