排序方式: 共有633条查询结果,搜索用时 25 毫秒
251.
252.
Hui-Young Lee Kyeong-Hoon Jeong Cheol Soo Choi International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium 《Mammalian genome》2014,25(9-10):508-521
The world-wide prevalence of obesity and diabetes has increased sharply during the last two decades. Accordingly, the metabolic phenotyping of genetically engineered mouse models is critical for evaluating the functional roles of target genes in obesity and diabetes, and for developing new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the practical meaning of metabolic phenotyping, the strategy of choosing appropriate tests, and considerations when designing and performing metabolic phenotyping in mice. 相似文献
253.
A. M. Weigand M. Plath The Volkswagen Foundation Lake Malawi Field School Consortium 《Hydrobiologia》2014,739(1):145-153
Freshwater crabs play an important role for the diversification of shell morphologies in freshwater gastropods. For example, the radiation of the freshwater crab genus Platythelphusa in Lake Tanganyika is thought to have driven shell diversification of the lake’s snail fauna, promoting the evolution of thalassoid shells. No comparable thalassoid snails are known from Lake Malawi. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that the lake’s only freshwater crab, Potamonautes lirrangensis, is not a snail predator. We tested this hypothesis using feeding experiments with specimens caught in the southern part of Lake Malawi. Individual crabs were held in experimental containers offshore and were presented with various food items overnight, after which ingestion frequency was recorded. Potamonautes lirrangensis can be characterized as a scavenger that is opportunistically carnivorous. A preference for fish and snail flesh could be observed, indicating a bias toward carnivory. We observed occasional cracking of the shell in different snail species, with frequent ingestion of artificially crushed specimens, suggesting that crabs do attempt to feed on snails. However, the investigated Lake Malawi gastropods appear to be partly protected against crab predation through thick-walled and low-spired shells (especially Lanistes and Bellamya), obviating the evolution of thalassoid shells carrying rims, ridges, or spines. 相似文献
254.
Bevan E. Huang Marco Maccaferri Silvio Salvi Sara G. Milner Luigi Cattivelli Anna M. Mastrangelo Alex Whan Stuart Stephen Gary Barker Ralf Wieseke Joerg Plieske International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten Lillemo Diane Mather Rudi Appels Rudy Dolferus Gina Brown‐Guedira Abraham Korol Alina R. Akhunova Catherine Feuillet Jerome Salse Michele Morgante Curtis Pozniak Ming‐Cheng Luo Jan Dvorak Matthew Morell Jorge Dubcovsky Martin Ganal Roberto Tuberosa Cindy Lawley Ivan Mikoulitch Colin Cavanagh Keith J. Edwards Matthew Hayden Eduard Akhunov 《Plant biotechnology journal》2014,12(6):787-796
High‐density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays are a powerful tool for studying genomic patterns of diversity, inferring ancestral relationships between individuals in populations and studying marker–trait associations in mapping experiments. We developed a genotyping array including about 90 000 gene‐associated SNPs and used it to characterize genetic variation in allohexaploid and allotetraploid wheat populations. The array includes a significant fraction of common genome‐wide distributed SNPs that are represented in populations of diverse geographical origin. We used density‐based spatial clustering algorithms to enable high‐throughput genotype calling in complex data sets obtained for polyploid wheat. We show that these model‐free clustering algorithms provide accurate genotype calling in the presence of multiple clusters including clusters with low signal intensity resulting from significant sequence divergence at the target SNP site or gene deletions. Assays that detect low‐intensity clusters can provide insight into the distribution of presence–absence variation (PAV) in wheat populations. A total of 46 977 SNPs from the wheat 90K array were genetically mapped using a combination of eight mapping populations. The developed array and cluster identification algorithms provide an opportunity to infer detailed haplotype structure in polyploid wheat and will serve as an invaluable resource for diversity studies and investigating the genetic basis of trait variation in wheat. 相似文献
255.
Sean V. Tavtigian Peter J. Oefner Davit Babikyan Sue Healey Fabienne Lesueur Shu-Chun Chuang Corinna Feuchtinger Janet Hall Barbara Herte Alun Thomas Catherine Voegele David C. Whiteman Breast Cancer Family Registries Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Aspects of Breast Cancer John L. Hopper Irene L. Andrulis Georgia Chenevix-Trench 《American journal of human genetics》2009,85(4):427-1624
256.
Conny Thiel-Egenter Felix Gugerli Nadir Alvarez Sabine Brodbeck Elbieta Cielak Licia Colli Thorsten Englisch Myriam Gaudeul Ludovic Gielly Grayna Korbecka Riccardo Negrini Ovidiu Paun † Marco Pellecchia Delphine Rioux Micha Ronikier Peter Schönswetter Fanny Schüpfer Pierre Taberlet reas Tribsch Marcela van Loo † Manuela Winkler Rolf Holderegger the IntraBioDiv Consortium 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2009,18(1):78-87
Aim To test the influence of various species traits, elevation and phylogeographical history on the genetic diversity of high-mountain plants in the Alps and Carpathians.
Location The regular sampling grid comprised the whole range of the European Alps and the Carpathians.
Methods Twenty-two high-mountain plant species were exhaustively sampled and their genetic diversity was assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). ANOVAs were used to check for relationships between species traits and species genetic diversity, and to test whether genetic diversity was influenced by altitude and phylogeographical history (i.e. Alps versus Carpathians).
Results In both mountain systems, species dispersed and pollinated by wind showed higher genetic diversity than species with self or insect pollination, and with animal- or gravity-dispersed seeds. Only in the Alps did altitudinal range size affect species genetic diversity significantly: species with narrow altitudinal ranges in the highest vegetation belts had significantly higher genetic diversity than those expanding over wide altitudinal ranges. Genetic diversity was species specific and significantly higher in the Alps than in the Carpathians, but it was not influenced by elevation.
Main conclusions Wind pollination and wind dispersal seem to foster high genetic diversity. However, species traits are often associated and their effects on genetic diversity cannot be clearly disentangled. As genetic diversity is species specific, comparisons across species need to be interpreted with care. Genetic diversity was generally lower in the Carpathians than in the Alps, due to higher topographical isolation of alpine habitats in the Carpathians and this mountain massif's divergent phylogeographical history. Elevation did not influence genetic diversity, challenging the long-held view of decreasing genetic diversity with increasing elevation in mountain plants. 相似文献
Location The regular sampling grid comprised the whole range of the European Alps and the Carpathians.
Methods Twenty-two high-mountain plant species were exhaustively sampled and their genetic diversity was assessed with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). ANOVAs were used to check for relationships between species traits and species genetic diversity, and to test whether genetic diversity was influenced by altitude and phylogeographical history (i.e. Alps versus Carpathians).
Results In both mountain systems, species dispersed and pollinated by wind showed higher genetic diversity than species with self or insect pollination, and with animal- or gravity-dispersed seeds. Only in the Alps did altitudinal range size affect species genetic diversity significantly: species with narrow altitudinal ranges in the highest vegetation belts had significantly higher genetic diversity than those expanding over wide altitudinal ranges. Genetic diversity was species specific and significantly higher in the Alps than in the Carpathians, but it was not influenced by elevation.
Main conclusions Wind pollination and wind dispersal seem to foster high genetic diversity. However, species traits are often associated and their effects on genetic diversity cannot be clearly disentangled. As genetic diversity is species specific, comparisons across species need to be interpreted with care. Genetic diversity was generally lower in the Carpathians than in the Alps, due to higher topographical isolation of alpine habitats in the Carpathians and this mountain massif's divergent phylogeographical history. Elevation did not influence genetic diversity, challenging the long-held view of decreasing genetic diversity with increasing elevation in mountain plants. 相似文献
257.
Camila Malta Romano Isabel M. V. Guedes de Carvalho-Mello Leda F. Jamal Fernando Lucas de Melo Atila Iamarino Marco Motoki Jo?o Renato Rebello Pinho Edward C. Holmes Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto the VGDN Consortium 《PloS one》2010,5(6)
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 170 million people worldwide, and is a major public health problem in Brazil, where over 1% of the population may be infected and where multiple viral genotypes co-circulate. Chronically infected individuals are both the source of transmission to others and are at risk for HCV-related diseases, such as liver cancer and cirrhosis. Before the adoption of anti-HCV control measures in blood banks, this virus was mainly transmitted via blood transfusion. Today, needle sharing among injecting drug users is the most common form of HCV transmission. Of particular importance is that HCV prevalence is growing in non-risk groups. Since there is no vaccine against HCV, it is important to determine the factors that control viral transmission in order to develop more efficient control measures. However, despite the health costs associated with HCV, the factors that determine the spread of virus at the epidemiological scale are often poorly understood. Here, we sequenced partial NS5b gene sequences sampled from blood samples collected from 591 patients in São Paulo state, Brazil. We show that different viral genotypes entered São Paulo at different times, grew at different rates, and are associated with different age groups and risk behaviors. In particular, subtype 1b is older and grew more slowly than subtypes 1a and 3a, and is associated with multiple age classes. In contrast, subtypes 1a and 3b are associated with younger people infected more recently, possibly with higher rates of sexual transmission. The transmission dynamics of HCV in São Paulo therefore vary by subtype and are determined by a combination of age, risk exposure and underlying social network. We conclude that social factors may play a key role in determining the rate and pattern of HCV spread, and should influence future intervention policies. 相似文献
258.
259.
Pariset L Cappuccio I Ajmone Marsan P Dunner S Luikart G England PR Obexer-Ruff G Peter C Marletta D Pilla F Valentini A;ECONOGENE Consortium 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》2006,833(1):117-120
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may be used in biodiversity studies and commercial tasks like traceability, paternity testing and selection for suitable genotypes. Twenty-seven SNPs were characterized and genotyped on 250 individuals belonging to eight Italian goat breeds. Multilocus genotype data were used to infer population structure and assign individuals to populations. To estimate the number of groups (K) to test in population structure analysis we used likelihood values and variance of the bootstrap samples, deriving optimal K from a drop in the likelihood and a rise in the variance plots against K. 相似文献
260.
Pariset L Cappuccio I Ajmone-Marsan P Bruford M Dunner S Cortes O Erhardt G Prinzenberg EM Gutscher K Joost S Pinto-Juma G Nijman IJ Lenstra JA Perez T Valentini A;Econogene Consortium 《The Journal of heredity》2006,97(5):531-534
We identified 37 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sheep and screened 16 individuals from 8 different sheep breeds selected throughout Europe. Population genetic measures based on the genotyping of about 30 sheep from the same 8 breeds are reported. To date, there are no sheep SNPs documented in the National Center for Biotechnology Information dbSNP database. Therefore, the markers presented here contribute significantly to those currently available. 相似文献