全文获取类型
收费全文 | 97110篇 |
免费 | 7697篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
专业分类
104839篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 833篇 |
2018年 | 1300篇 |
2017年 | 1212篇 |
2016年 | 1634篇 |
2015年 | 1726篇 |
2014年 | 2082篇 |
2013年 | 2960篇 |
2012年 | 3239篇 |
2011年 | 3343篇 |
2010年 | 2488篇 |
2009年 | 2098篇 |
2008年 | 3045篇 |
2007年 | 2997篇 |
2006年 | 2825篇 |
2005年 | 2660篇 |
2004年 | 2653篇 |
2003年 | 2542篇 |
2002年 | 2363篇 |
2001年 | 4397篇 |
2000年 | 4154篇 |
1999年 | 3226篇 |
1998年 | 1042篇 |
1997年 | 1034篇 |
1996年 | 916篇 |
1995年 | 834篇 |
1993年 | 830篇 |
1992年 | 2442篇 |
1991年 | 2453篇 |
1990年 | 2456篇 |
1989年 | 2204篇 |
1988年 | 2066篇 |
1987年 | 1977篇 |
1986年 | 1824篇 |
1985年 | 1818篇 |
1984年 | 1495篇 |
1983年 | 1295篇 |
1982年 | 929篇 |
1981年 | 874篇 |
1979年 | 1435篇 |
1978年 | 1127篇 |
1977年 | 1016篇 |
1976年 | 973篇 |
1975年 | 1156篇 |
1974年 | 1255篇 |
1973年 | 1337篇 |
1972年 | 1184篇 |
1971年 | 1042篇 |
1970年 | 924篇 |
1969年 | 955篇 |
1968年 | 836篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
971.
The replication of shuttle vectors derived from Wheat Dwarf Virus, a monopartite geminivirus, was studied in cultured maize endosperm cells, and in the Black Mexican Sweet (BMS) maize cell line. Using in vivo labeling and DNA methylation analysis, we showed that replication was initiated within 24 hrs after transfection, and did not require cell division in both cell lines. Copy numbers of 30,000 ds DNA molecules per cell were observed in endosperm cells after three days. The replication protein was shown to act in trans, since the wild type gene of the shuttle vector enabled replication-deficient vectors carrying mutated genes to replicate. These properties suggest that WDV may have similar applications in plants as SV40 in mammalian cells. 相似文献
972.
Peter M. Narins O. J. Reichman Jennifer U. M. Jarvis Edwin R. Lewis 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1992,170(1):13-21
Summary Both seismic and auditory signals were tested for their propagation characteristics in a field study of the Cape mole-rat (Georychus capensis), a subterranean rodent in the family Bathyergidae. This solitary animal is entirely fossorial and apparently communicates with its conspecifics by alternately drumming its hind legs on the burrow floor. Signal production in this species is sexually dimorphic, and mate attraction is likely mediated primarily by seismic signalling between individuals in neighboring burrows. Measurements within, and at various distances away from, natural burrows suggest that seismic signals propagate at least an order of magnitude better than auditory signals. Moreover, using a mechanical thumper which could be triggered from a tape recording of the mole-rat's seismic signals, we established that the vertically-polarized surface wave (Rayleigh wave) propagates with less attenuation than either of the two horizontally-polarized waves. Thus, we tentatively hypothesize that Rayleigh waves subserve intraspecific communication in this species.Abbreviations
PPM
pulses per min
-
SB
simulated burrow
-
SD
standard deviation
-
SPL
sound pressure level 相似文献
973.
S. O'Rahilly P. Patel O. J. Lehmann A. Tybjaerg-Hansen J. Nerup R. C. Turner J. S. Wainscoat 《Human genetics》1992,89(2):207-212
Summary Members of three families with maturity onset diabetes of youth (MODY) and seven with common type 2 diabetes were typed for six DNA markers (H-RAS, INS, HBBC, PTH, CALC1, CAT) on the short arm of chromosome 11. Using conventional pairwise linkage analysis, close linkage in the MODY families was excluded for all six markers. By multipoint analysis and a genetic map of the short arm of chromosome 11, MODY was excluded from a region of at least 35 and up to 60 centiMorgans (cM) on the short arm of chromosome 11. Multipoint analysis in the type 2 families also excludes linkage to the INS, H-RAS region of at least 3 and up to 30 cM. This study using multipoint linkage analysis in non-insulin dependent diabetes provides strong evidence against a role for mutations in or around the insulin gene in the causation of MODY or type 2 diabetes in the families studied. 相似文献
974.
C. Lapouniéroulie O. Dunda R. Ducrocq G. Trabuchet M. Mony-Lobé J. M. Bodo P. Carnevale D. Labie J. Elion R. Krishnamoorthy 《Human genetics》1992,89(3):333-337
Summary The sickle cell mutation (s) arose as at least three independent events in Africa and once in Asia, being termed the Senegal, Benin, Bantu and Indian types respectively. An investigation in Cameroon was carried out to determine whether the atypical sickle genes observed in the neighboring countries are the result of recombination or the presence of a sickle cell mutation of a different genetic origin. It was conducted on 40 homozygous SS patients followed at the Blood Transfusion Center in the capital city of Yaoundé. On 80 s chromosomes, 13 exhibited a novel polymorphic pattern that was observed three times in the homozygous state. This chromosome contains an AT gene. The restriction fragment length polymorphism haplotype is different from all the other s chromosomes in both the 5 and 3 regions, but has previously been reported in sporadic cases. The (AT)8(T)5 sequence in the — 500 region of the gene is specific and different from that of the Senegal, Benin, Bantu or Indian s genes. All the carriers of this specific chromosome belong to the Eton ethnic group and originate from the Sanaga river valley. This observation strongly argues for yet another independent origin of the sickle cell mutation in Africa, here referred to as the Cameroon type. The Benin haplotype and a Benin/ Bantu recombinant haplotype have been observed in the other studied populations: Ewondo, Bamiléké, Bassa, Yambassa and Boulou. 相似文献
975.
头端延髓腹外侧区注射5—羟色胺对应激性高血粘度... 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Experiments were carried out on 62 wistar rats. The hyperviscosity and elevation of blood pressure were induced by hanging and restraining the rats with their four limbs tied on a frame. It was found that microinjection of 5-HT (25 micrograms/10 microliters) into the 4th ventricle of the brain or bilateral microinjection of 5-HT (4 micrograms/0.5 microliters/site) into rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) reduced stress-induced hyperviscosity (p < 0.01) and elevation of blood pressure (p < 0.01). The effect of 5-HT injected into the 4th ventricle or rVLM was blocked by bilateral microinjection of cinanserine (4 micrograms/0.5 microliter/site) into rVLM. These results suggest that microinjection of 5-HT into 4th ventricle and rVLM could reduce stress-induced hyperviscosity and elevation of blood pressure and these effects were probably mediated via 5-HT receptors in the rVLM. 相似文献
976.
I P Ashmarin O P Vakulina V V Rozhanets V V Maksimov V V Samukov V V Kalashnikov G A Mizenko 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1992,113(3):270-273
White rats were immunized against fragment of diazepam-binding inhibitor octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) with conjugate ODN bovine serum albumin. This rats have reduced reactions of fear and anxiety in stress model of "open field" and in conflict Vogel test; their pain sensitivity ("tail flick" test) was lowered. The number and intensity of generalized seizure reactions after injection of pentylenetetrazole were decreased. The results show that active immunization to endogenous ODN has stress--protective and anti-seizure effects. 相似文献
977.
O A Osipovich A B Sudarikov T S Kolesnikova N I Misuno N N Vo?tenok 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1992,113(6):638-640
The p53 gene has been associated with malignant transformation as well as "anti-oncogene" activity. In the present report expression of p53 in resting and activated human blood monocytes and lymphocytes is analyzed. It is found that human monocytes freshly isolated by continuous percoll gradient centrifugation contained detectable level of p53 mRNA. Stimulation of monocytes by potent activation inducer Staphylococcus Aureus Cowan I for 3-5 hr caused disappearance of r53 mRNA. In contrast, induction of high level of TNF-alpha mRNA was detected. Addition of cycloheximide had no effect on p53 mRNA content in stimulated monocytes, and caused disappearance of mRNA in resting cells. In lymphocytes cultures p53 mRNA was absent in freshly isolated cells and in resting lymphocytes cultured for 20 hr. Activation of lymphocytes by lectin caused accumulation of p53 mRNA. We suggest that r53 gene regulation and functions might be different in human monocytes and lymphocytes. 相似文献
978.
A simple and efficient method for the oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of double-stranded plasmid DNA. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A method for the oligodeoxyribonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of double-stranded DNA without the necessity for phenotypic selection is described. Plasmids denatured with alkali and purified by adsorption to and elution from nitrocellulose have single-stranded regions where primers can hybridize and serve as templates for a T7 DNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of complementary mutant DNA strands. When this procedure was carried out such that the original nonmutant strand contained uracil [method of Kunkel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82(1985)488-492], mutation frequencies of between 30% and 40% were obtained. The technique has been used to generate mutant genes in plasmids of a wide variety of sizes. The largest plasmid manipulated and successfully mutagenized was 22 kb. The method is rapid and efficient and is not dependent upon either f1 phage vectors or the presence of restriction sites in the vicinity of the sequence targeted for mutation. 相似文献
979.
980.
Enzymes of a bacteriolytic lysoamidase preparation. Various properties of bacteriolytic protease L2]
O A Stepanaia A I Severin A I Kudriavtseva V I Krupianko A G Kozlovski? I S Kulaev 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》1992,28(5):666-673
Bacteriolytic proteinase L2 is able to cleave fluorogenic synthetic tripeptide anthranoyl-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanyl-nitroanilide (Abz-Ala-Ala-Phe-pNA) at the bond between phenylalanine and p-nitroaniline. Optimal conditions of the tripeptide cleavage have been determined: pH 6.7 + 0.1; mu = 2 (by NaCl); t = 40 degrees C; KM = 2.6 x 10(-5) M. Metal cations reduced the enzyme activity. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA, p-CMB, DIF. The synthetic tripeptide can be used to determine the activity of the L2 enzyme. 相似文献