Stress protein of cyanobacteria CP36: interaction with photoactive complexes and formation of supramolecular structures

Cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans R2, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (wild-type strain and mutants Delta2 and Delta3 lacking PSII and PSI, respectively), and Synechocystis sp. BO 9201 synthesize the pigment--protein complex CP36 (CPIV-4, CP43') under iron deficiency in the medium. Accumulation of CP36 is accompanied by structural reorganizations in the photosynthetic membranes. Integrating mean times of excitation relaxation (quenching) are 2.2 nsec (CP36), 1 nsec (PSI), and 420 psec (PSII in Fm state). The energy migration between CP36 and the photosystems can be described by a model of a one-layer ring of CP36 around core-complexes. The excitation from CP36 to PSI is transferred within <10 psec. The energy transfer from CP36 to PSII occurs during 170 psec. Cells with low content of CP36 probably contain only a latent fraction of unbound to phycobilisomes PSII which is the analog of PSIIbeta of higher plants. In PSI there are four binding sites for CP36 monomers per RC. PSII can bind up to 32 molecules of CP36 per RC. Cells with a large amount of CP36 contain monomer form of PSII core-complex which can bind eight tetramers of CP36 (8 binding sites). In conditions of iron deficiency only one monomer of a dimer PSII core-complex is destroyed and released chlorophyll is accumulated in CP36. Accumulation of CP36 in A. nidulans cells can be accompanied by membrane stacking which is similar to the stacking in chlorophyll b-containing organisms. The stacking can occur in the region of localization of PSII latent fraction bound to CP36. The membrane stacking shields PSII stromal surfaces from the aqueous phase for activation of electron transfer on the acceptor side of PSII.     

Food web structure in the high Arctic Canada Basin: evidence from δ13C and δ15N analysis

The food-web structure of the Arctic deep Canada Basin was investigated in summer 2002 using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope tracers. Overall food-web length of the range of organisms sampled occupied four trophic levels, based on 3.8 trophic level enrichment (¹⁵N range: 5.3–17.7). It was, thus, 0.5–1 trophic levels longer than food webs in both Arctic shelf and temperate deep-sea systems. The food sources, pelagic particulate organic matter (POM) (¹³C=–25.8, ¹⁵N=5.3) and ice POM (¹³C=–26.9, ¹⁵N=4.1), were not significantly different. Organisms of all habitats, ice-associated, pelagic and benthic, covered a large range of ¹⁵N values. In general, ice-associated crustaceans (¹⁵N range 4.6–12.4, mean 6.9) and pelagic species (¹⁵N range 5.9–16.5, mean 11.5) were depleted relative to benthic invertebrates (¹⁵N range 4.6–17.7, mean 13.2). The predominantly herbivorous and predatory sympagic and pelagic species constitute a shorter food chain that is based on fresh material produced in the water column. Many benthic invertebrates were deposit feeders, relying on largely refractory material. However, sufficient fresh phytodetritus appeared to arrive at the seafloor to support some benthic suspension and surface deposit feeders on a low trophic level (e.g., crinoids, cumaceans). The enriched signatures of benthic deposit feeders and predators may be a consequence of low primary production in the high Arctic and the subsequent high degree of reworking of organic material.     

18F-FDG PET 和治疗量131I 全身扫描对分化型甲 状腺癌根治术后转移灶检测的临床价值评估

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET显像和131I-全身扫描(131I-WBS)SPECT显像对分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)术后转移灶的临床诊断价值。方法:对57例外科术后拟行131I治疗的DTC患者行18F-FDG PET全身显像和131I-WBS扫描,观察和记录在糖代谢和碘代谢中DTC转移灶的定位及数量变化,并同时测定甲状腺球蛋白(Tg),促甲状腺激素释放激素(TSH)等实验室检查项目。结果:57例DTC患者18F-FDG PET显像发现真阳性20例、假阳性3例、真阴性31例、假阴性3例,其灵敏度为87.0%,特异性为91.2%。而131I-WBS扫描发现真阳性13例、假阳性2例、真阴性34例、假阴性8例,其灵敏度为61.9%,特异性为94.4%。PET显像和131I-WBS扫描共检出阳性病灶73个,其中淋巴结32个,肺5个,纵隔6个,骨26个,其他部位4个。PET显像发现43个阳性病灶(58.9%),而131I-WBS检出30个(41.1%)。当Tg水平>10μg/L时,随着Tg在血清含量的增高,两种显像方法的对DTC转移灶的阳性检出率亦随之升高。结论:两种检查对DTC术后转移灶的监测和131I的治疗具有良好的互补性,18F-FDG PET显像在Tg阳性和131I-WBS阴性的患者的转移灶检出上更具有优势,有重要的临床指导意义。     

研究报告：CRBGP通过抑制FAK-AKT通路和白介素-6的分泌抑制胶质瘤U251细胞的活性

目的电压门控钠通道(voltage-gated sodium channels,VGSCs)表达于胶质瘤U251细胞,并影响U251细胞的增殖、侵袭和凋亡。富含半胱氨酸的颊腺蛋白(cysteine-rich buccal gland protein,CRBGP)是一种从日本七鳃鳗颊腺中分离出来的VGSCs阻断剂。本文旨在探究CRBGP是否因具有VGSCs阻断功能从而能够抑制U251细胞的活性。方法首先采用MTT法检测了CRBGP对U251细胞增殖的作用,并分别利用莱特-吉姆萨、FITC-phalloidin和Hoechst 33258染色法观察CRBGP处理后U251细胞的形态、细胞骨架和细胞核。细胞外基质蛋白如IV型胶原蛋白、纤连蛋白和层黏连蛋白用于检测CRBGP对U251细胞黏附的影响。此外,本文采用transwell法检测CRBGP处理后U251细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,并通过Western blot方法探讨CRBGP诱导U251细胞凋亡并抑制其运动的内在机理。最后,通过酶联免疫吸附测定法检测CRBGP对U251细胞的抑炎效果。结果 CRBGP通过线粒体依赖途径诱导U251细胞凋亡,...     

血管抑素的临床应用研究进展

血管抑素是第一个被发现的肿瘤源性血管生成抑制因子,能抑制血管内细胞的增殖和迁移,从而抑制肿瘤的生长。通过一些实验方法能够检测肿瘤患者体内的血管抑素水平。血管抑素在未来的肿瘤治疗、诊断、预后判断和新生血管疾病的治疗中有着广阔的应用前景。     

MR 弥散加权成像对鉴别诊断良恶性椎体压缩性骨折的临床价值研究

目的：探讨MR弥散加权成像(DWI)鉴别诊断良恶性椎体压缩性骨折的临床价值。方法：对57 例经临床或病理证实的椎体 良恶性压缩性骨折患者行矢状位T1WI、T2WI、T2WI/FS 及DWI扫描,研究其在常规序列和DWI序列上的表现,将常规MR 序列 和DWI序列检出率进行比较,测量正常椎体及病变椎体的表观弥散系数(ADC)值,并进行统计学分析。结果：(1)MR 常规序列和 DWI序列(b=500s/mm2)表现：良性椎体压缩性骨折呈长T1 长或等T2 改变,T2WI/FS 呈高信号,DWI 可以呈高信号、等信号及低 信号;恶性椎体压缩性骨折呈长T1 长T2 信号,大部分病灶T2WI/FS 及DWI呈高信号,少数变现为低信号;(2)MR 常规序列和 DWI 序列(b=500s/mm2)病灶检出率的比较：T1WI、T2WI/FS 及DWI序列病灶检出率均高于T2WI 序列,其间的差别有显著性意 义(P<0.01),T1WI、T2WI/FS 及DWI序列病灶检出率之间无显著性差异(P>0.01);(3)ADC 值比较：在DWI(b=500 s/mm2)上,良性组 ADC 值为(2.03± 0.83)× 10-3mm2/s,恶性组ADC 值为(1.37 ± 0.75)× 10-3mm2/s,正常组ADC值为(0.36± 0.21)× 10-3mm2/s,成像条 件相同时,良性组高于恶性组,两组间有明显的统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：DWI可较好的反映椎体的弥散特征,ADC值作为量化 指标可对良恶性椎体压缩性骨折进行可靠鉴别。     

初始底物浓度对序批式培养光合细菌产氢动力学影响

实验研究了初始底物浓度对序批式培养光合细菌生长、降解及产氢过程的影响,根据最大比生长速率实验数据拟合得到其关于初始底物浓度影响的关联式,并在建立的修正Monod模型基础上建立了光合细菌比生长速率、基质比消耗速率和比产氢速率关于底物初始浓度影响的数学模型,模型预测值与实验结果在光合细菌生长期和稳定期内得到较好吻合,反映了光合细菌生长、降解和产氢过程中受底物初始浓度限制性和抑制性影响的基本规律。分析发现光合细菌生长、降解基质和产氢过程中最适底物浓度为50 mmol/L,初始底物浓度低于或高于该浓度时,光合细菌生长、降解及产氢过程都受到限制性或抑制性影响,且抑制性影响较限制性影响效果更明显;底物比消耗速率受初始底物浓度影响较小。     

Variation in male reproductive traits among three bitterling fishes (Acheilognathinae: Cyprinidae) in relation to the mating system

Male traits that correlate with fertilization success include testis size and structure, ejaculate size, ejaculation frequency, and sperm motility. Two hypotheses potentially explain interspecific differences in these traits: sperm competition and sperm limitation. We examined variation in six traits associated with fertilization success in three closely‐related species of bitterling fish; the European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus), the Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus), and the Chinese bitterling (Rhodeus sinensis). Interspecific differences indicated that the three study species have evolved different sperm allocation strategies. Rhodeus amarus displayed the most developed reproductive apparatus with a number of traits associated with both high levels of sperm production and fertilization efficiency. Rhodeus ocellatus and R. sinensis appear to have more comparable sperm allocation strategies, although relative testis size and spermatozoa head : tail ratio were greater in R. sinensis, suggesting that sperm competition risk may be higher in this species. All three species possessed an unusually well developed sperm duct with evidence of mucin production, which greatly extends the longevity of sperm and, consequently, the period over which fertilization can occur. We discuss these findings in the context of differences in the mating systems of the species examined, and relate the results obtained to differences in the temporal and spatial clustering of fertilizations. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 103 , 622–632.     

植物种群表观竞争机制及其研究进展

植物表观竞争既影响群落结构和组成,也与生态系统功能密切相关。目前,国内尚缺乏对植物表观竞争的实验研究和机制探索。对植物表观竞争概念和研究进展进行了系统梳理和阶段性总结,分析了草食动物为媒介的表观竞争主要通过食物和生境介导植物竞争过程,以及ELP-采食者关系对表观竞争的影响;植物参与的表观竞争通常与资源竞争共同作用;AM真菌为媒介的表观竞争不仅受到宿主植物菌根依赖性的影响,还与AM真菌对资源的需求和环境资源供给状况有密切关系。未来研究既要注重实验设计的合理性,也要考虑测定方法和评价参数的有效性;重视植物群落和生态系统水平上表观竞争的功能研究。这不仅能够为植物群落结构和物种共存提供机制性解释,而且能够丰富经典的植物竞争理论和多营养级相互作用的食物网理论。     

应用Maxent生态位模型预测淡水钩虾(甲壳纲,端足目)的分布(英文)

预测物种的适生区对于物种资源的评估、保护以及生物多样性的管理非常重要。由于全球气候变化和人类的过度开发,冷水性无脊椎动物的衰减速度比在陆地和海洋生活的无脊椎动物都要高。目前关于中国淡水钩虾分布方面的研究很少,本研究基于103个地表淡水钩虾的不同分布位点和广布种湖泊钩虾Gammarus lacustris 23个不同分布位点以及32个环境因子数据,使用生态位模型(Maxent)预测了淡水钩虾和湖泊钩虾在我国的适生分布区域。结果显示淡水钩虾非常适合分布在我国的一些偏远山区,如长白山、太行山、横断山、天山、昆仑山和祁连山,而青藏高原的东部、西部边缘地区和南部分布地区、尼泊尔、不丹和朝鲜半岛也是淡水钩虾的潜在适生区域,但淡水钩虾在我国华南、华中和华北的平原地区分布却很少,其在我国的潜在分布区与-10℃和5℃1月平均气温线间的区域相似。淡水钩虾是典型的狭温性物种,在不适宜温度条件下很难存活,这可能也是限制其扩散和存活的关键性因素。