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H Arslan A Aktaş E Elibol OBB Esener AP Türkmen KK Yurt 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》2016,91(4):277-282
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is used primarily to treat fever and to alleviate pain and inflammation. We investigated the effects of DS exposure during gestation on the testes of rat pups to investigate the safety of its use during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats were separated into control, saline, low dose, medium dose and high dose groups. DS was given between weeks 15 and 21 of gestation. Total numbers of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells were counted in the testes of 7-day-old male rats using the physical disector method. By the end of the study, the total number of Sertoli cells was decreased significantly in a dose dependent manner in the medium and high dose groups compared to controls. No significant differences were found in the total number of spermatogonia in the control, saline and low dose DS groups. Medium and high dose DS administration reduced the total number of spermatogonia compared to other groups. We suggest that prenatal administration of DS can cause deleterious effects on the testis development, especially in high doses. 相似文献
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RC Pritchett AM Al-Nawaiseh KK Pritchett V Nethery PA Bishop JM Green 《Biology of sport / Institute of Sport》2015,32(3):249-254
Sweat production is crucial for thermoregulation. However, sweating can be problematic for individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), as they display a blunting of sudomotor and vasomotor responses below the level of the injury. Sweat gland density and eccrine gland metabolism in SCI are not well understood. Consequently, this study examined sweat lactate (S-LA) (reflective of sweat gland metabolism), active sweat gland density (SGD), and sweat output per gland (S/G) in 7 SCI athletes and 8 able-bodied (AB) controls matched for arm ergometry VO2peak. A sweat collection device was positioned on the upper scapular and medial calf of each subject just prior to the beginning of the trial, with iodine sweat gland density patches positioned on the upper scapular and medial calf. Participants were tested on a ramp protocol (7 min per stage, 20 W increase per stage) in a common exercise environment (21±1°C, 45-65% relative humidity). An independent t-test revealed lower (p<0.05) SGD (upper scapular) for SCI (22.3 ±14.8 glands · cm−2) vs. AB. (41.0 ± 8.1 glands · cm−2). However, there was no significant difference for S/G between groups. S-LA was significantly greater (p<0.05) during the second exercise stage for SCI (11.5±10.9 mmol · l−1) vs. AB (26.8±11.07 mmol · l−1). These findings suggest that SCI athletes had less active sweat glands compared to the AB group, but the sweat response was similar (SLA, S/G) between AB and SCI athletes. The results suggest similar interglandular metabolic activity irrespective of overall sweat rate. 相似文献
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Srivastava S Garg A Ayyagari A Nyati KK Dhole TN Dwivedi SK 《Current microbiology》2006,53(5):401-405
Ethambutol (EMB) is a first-line drug used for antitubercular therapy in combination with other drugs as recommended by World
Health Organization DOTS/DOTS-Plus regimens. EMB is also effective in the treatment of opportunistic mycobacterial infections
in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. The emb locus has been considered as a drug target for EMB, and substitutions of codon 306 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene embB have been shown to be the most frequent and predictive mutations for EMB resistance. The aim of the present study was to
detect embB and embC gene mutations in EMB-resistant clinical isolates. A total of 23 isolates of M. tuberculosis from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. Drug sensitivity was tested by proportion method and
E-test. All 23 isolates were EMB resistant. Primers to amplify the embB and embC gene were designed, and polymerase chain reaction products were subjected for sequence analysis. H37Rv standard laboratory
strain was used as control. Nucleotide sequencing showed that 16 strains had a mutation in the embB gene. The most common mutation observed in the embB gene was at codon 306, followed by mutations at codons 299 and 378 in 4 and 2 isolates, respectively. Novel mutations have
been reported at codons 239, 240, 247, 282, 311, 368, 397, 446, 469, and 471. Sequence analysis of the embC gene showed mutation in 8 isolates at codon 270. Novel mutations in embC have been reported at codons 251 and 254. The most common nucleotide polymorphism in our isolates was at codons 306 and 299
in the embB gene and at codon 270 in the embC gene. A mutation at codon 306 was usually associated with high-level ethambutol resistance. 相似文献
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Nyati LH Norris SA Cameron N Pettifor JM 《American journal of physical anthropology》2006,130(1):135-141
Bones in the axial and appendicular skeletons exhibit heterogeneous growth patterns between different ethnic and sex groups. However, the influence of this differential growth on the expression of bone mineral content is not yet established. The aims of the present study were to investigate: 1) whether there are ethnic and sex differences in axial and appendicular dimensions of South African children; and 2) whether regional segment length is a better predictor of bone mass than stature. Anthropometric measurements of stature, weight, sitting height, and limb lengths were taken on 368 black and white, male and female 9-year-old children. DXA (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) scans of the distal ulna, distal radius, and hip and lumbar spine were also obtained. Analyses of covariance were performed to assess differences in limb lengths, adjusted for differences in stature. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess significant predictors of site-specific bone mass. Stature-adjusted means of limb lengths show that black boys have longer legs and humeri but shorter trunks than white boys. In addition, black children have longer forearms than white children, and girls have longer thighs than boys. The regression analysis demonstrated that site-specific bone mass was more strongly associated with regional segment length than stature, but this had little effect on the overall pattern of ethnic and sex differences. In conclusion, there is a differential effect of ethnicity and sex on the growth of the axial and appendicular skeletons, and regional segment length is a better predictor of site-specific bone mass than stature. 相似文献
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Aarif Ahsan Dipankar Ray Susmita G. Ramanand Ashok Hegde Christopher Whitehead Alnawaz Rehemtulla Yoshihiro Morishima William B. Pratt Yoichi Osawa Theodore S. Lawrence Mukesh K. Nyati 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(37):26879-26886
An eight-amino acid segment is known to be responsible for the marked difference in the rates of degradation of the EGF receptor (ErbB1) and ErbB2 upon treatment of cells with the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin. We have scrambled the first six amino acids of this segment of the EGF receptor (EGFR), which lies in close association with the ATP binding cleft and the dimerization face. Scrambling these six amino acids markedly reduces EGFR stability, EGF-stimulated receptor dimerization, and autophosphorylation activity. Two peptides were synthesized as follows: one containing the wild-type sequence of the eight-amino acid segment, which we call Disruptin; and one with the scrambled sequence. Disruptin inhibits Hsp90 binding to the EGFR and causes slow degradation of the EGFR in two EGFR-dependent cancer cell lines, whereas the scrambled peptide is inactive. This effect is specific for EGFR versus other Hsp90 client proteins. In the presence of EGF, Disruptin, but not the scrambled peptide, inhibits EGFR dimerization and causes rapid degradation of the EGFR. In contrast to the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin, Disruptin inhibits cancer cell growth by a nonapoptotic mechanism. Disruptin provides proof of concept for the development of a new class of anti-tumor drugs that specifically cause EGFR degradation. 相似文献
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Shyam Nyati Debashish Bhattacharya Silke Werth Rosmarie Honegger 《Journal of phycology》2013,49(6):1154-1166
We studied group I introns in sterile cultures of selected groups of lichen photobionts, focusing on Trebouxia species associated with Xanthoria s. lat. (including Xanthomendoza spp.; lichen‐forming ascomycetes). Group I introns were found inserted after position 798 (Escherichia coli numbering) in the large subunit (LSU) rRNA in representatives of the green algal genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris. The 798 intron was found in about 25% of Xanthoria photobionts including several reference strains obtained from algal culture collections. An alignment of LSU‐encoded rDNA intron sequences revealed high similarity of these sequences allowing their phylogenetic analysis. The 798 group I intron phylogeny was largely congruent with a phylogeny of the internal transcribed spacer region, indicating that the insertion of the intron most likely occurred in the common ancestor of the genera Trebouxia and Asterochloris. The intron was vertically inherited in some taxa, but lost in others. The high‐sequence similarity of this intron to one found in Chlorella angustoellipsoidea suggests that the 798 intron was either present in the common ancestor of Trebouxiophyceae, or that its present distribution results from more recent horizontal transfers, followed by vertical inheritance and loss. Analysis of another group I intron shared by these photobionts at small subunit position 1512 supports the hypothesis of repeated lateral transfers of this intron among some taxa, but loss among others. Our data confirm that the history of group I introns is characterized by repeated horizontal transfers, and suggests that some of these introns have ancient origins within Chlorophyta. 相似文献
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Verma A Prasad KN Nyati KK Singh SK Singh AK Paliwal VK Gupta RK 《Parasitology》2011,138(11):1423-1428
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major endopeptidases involved in proteolysis of blood brain barrier (BBB) during central nervous system (CNS) infections. The present study detected serum levels and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) and their association with symptomatic disease. In total, 68 individuals with NCC (36 symptomatic patients with active seizures and 32 asymptomatic individuals) and 37 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. Serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and their activities were measured by ELISA and gel zymography respectively. Mean serum MMP-2 levels (ng/ml) were higher both in asymptomatic and symptomatic NCC cases compared to healthy controls. However, significantly higher levels of serum MMP-9 (ng/ml) were detected only in symptomatic NCC patients compared to asymptomatic NCC cases and healthy controls. Levels of both MMPs positively correlated with symptomatic NCC. Serum MMP-2 activities were significantly higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic NCC compared to healthy controls whereas serum MMP-9 activity was significantly associated with symptomatic NCC compared to healthy controls and asymptomatic NCC. In conclusion, the elevated level of MMP-9 in serum appears to play an important role in the development of symptoms i.e. active seizures in patients with NCC. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its precise role in disease pathogenesis. 相似文献
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Successional patterns are dependent on the nature of the substratum, water flow, concentrations of organics as well as the availability of bacteria, algal spores and invertebrate larvae in the coastal environment. Bacteria play an especially important role in biofilm formation as they are generally the earliest colonizers. In the present study, both winter and summer biofilm succession patterns were examined on glass coverslips inverted on experimental racks attached at two tidal levels on a sheltered shore in Hong Kong. In the succession, bacteria were followed by diatoms and cyanobacteria. Encrusting algae appeared in the late stages of the experiment (day 80 in summer and day 60 in winter). Colonization by bacteria was much slower in summer and their density remained low throughout the experimental period. The first appearance of diatoms and cyanobacteria, however, was more rapid in the summer. Bacteria and diatoms on the low-shore surfaces also had a faster succession rate than on the high-shore surfaces, suggesting that desiccation/aerial temperature are the causal factors for such differences. 相似文献
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Pratik Nyati Marcela Nouzova Crisalejandra Rivera-Perez Mark E. Clifton Jaime G. Mayoral Fernando G. Noriega 《PloS one》2013,8(8)