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11.
Knockdown of a laccase in Populus deltoides confers altered cell wall chemistry and increased sugar release 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Anthony C. Bryan Sara Jawdy Lee Gunter Erica Gjersing Robert Sykes Maud A. W. Hinchee Kimberly A. Winkeler Cassandra M. Collins Nancy Engle Timothy J. Tschaplinski Xiaohan Yang Gerald A. Tuskan Wellington Muchero Jin‐Gui Chen 《Plant biotechnology journal》2016,14(10):2010-2020
Plant laccases are thought to function in the oxidation of monolignols which leads to higher order lignin formation. Only a hand‐full of laccases in plants have been functionally evaluated, and as such little is known about the breadth of their impact on cell wall chemistry or structure. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized laccase from Populus, encoded by locus Potri.008G064000, whose reduced expression resulted in transgenic Populus trees with changes in syringyl/guaiacyl ratios as well as altered sugar release phenotypes. These phenotypes are consistent with plant biomass exhibiting reduced recalcitrance. Interestingly, the transgene effect on recalcitrance is dependent on a mild pretreatment prior to chemical extraction of sugars. Metabolite profiling suggests the transgene modulates phenolics that are associated with the cell wall structure. We propose that this particular laccase has a range of functions related to oxidation of phenolics and conjugation of flavonoids that interact with lignin in the cell wall. 相似文献
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Rylie B. Walsh Erica C. Dresselhaus Agata N. Becalska Matthew J. Zunitch Cassandra R. Blanchette Amy L. Scalera Tania Lemos So Min Lee Julia Apiki ShiYu Wang Berith Isaac Anna Yeh Kate Koles Avital A. Rodal 《The Journal of cell biology》2021,220(8)
Neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication and pathogenic protein propagation in neurological disease. However, it remains unclear how cargoes are selectively packaged into neuronal EVs. Here, we show that loss of the endosomal retromer complex leads to accumulation of EV cargoes including amyloid precursor protein (APP), synaptotagmin-4 (Syt4), and neuroglian (Nrg) at Drosophila motor neuron presynaptic terminals, resulting in increased release of these cargoes in EVs. By systematically exploring known retromer-dependent trafficking mechanisms, we show that EV regulation is separable from several previously identified roles of neuronal retromer. Conversely, mutations in rab11 and rab4, regulators of endosome-plasma membrane recycling, cause reduced EV cargo levels, and rab11 suppresses cargo accumulation in retromer mutants. Thus, EV traffic reflects a balance between Rab4/Rab11 recycling and retromer-dependent removal from EV precursor compartments. Our data shed light on previous studies implicating Rab11 and retromer in competing pathways in Alzheimer’s disease, and suggest that misregulated EV traffic may be an underlying defect. 相似文献
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William J. Sutherland Rosalind Aveling Thomas M. Brooks Mick Clout Lynn V. Dicks Liz Fellman Erica Fleishman David W. Gibbons Brandon Keim Fiona Lickorish Kathryn A. Monk Diana Mortimer Lloyd S. Peck Jules Pretty Johan Rockström Jon Paul Rodríguez Rebecca K. Smith Mark D. Spalding Femke H. Tonneijck Andrew R. Watkinson 《Trends in ecology & evolution》2014
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Ballabio E Regan R Garimberti E Harbott J Bradtke J Teigler-Schlegel A Biondi A Cazzaniga G Giudici G Wainscoat JS Boultwood J Bridger JM Knight SJ Tosi S 《PloS one》2011,6(6):e20607
Leukaemia is often associated with genetic alterations such as translocations, amplifications and deletions, and recurrent chromosome abnormalities are used as markers of diagnostic and prognostic relevance. However, a proportion of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases have an apparently normal karyotype despite comprehensive cytogenetic analysis. Based on conventional cytogenetic analysis of banded chromosomes, we selected a series of 23 paediatric patients with acute myeloid leukaemia and performed whole genome array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) using DNA samples derived from the same patients. Imbalances involving large chromosomal regions or entire chromosomes were detected by aCGH in seven of the patients studied. Results were validated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to both interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes using appropriate bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes. The majority of these copy number alterations (CNAs) were confirmed by FISH and found to localize to the interphase rather than metaphase nuclei. Furthermore, the proliferative states of the cells analyzed by FISH were tested by immunofluorescence using an antibody against the proliferation marker pKi67. Interestingly, these experiments showed that, in the vast majority of cases, the changes appeared to be confined to interphase nuclei in a non-proliferative status. 相似文献
17.
Class 1 integrons in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical settings in Amazon region, Brazil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fonseca EL Vieira VV Cipriano R Vicente AC 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》2005,44(3):303-309
A hundred and six Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from clinical cases were screened using PCR for the presence of integrons and associated resistance gene cassettes. Forty-four isolates harboured class 1 integrons (41.5%), of which 29 isolates (66%) also carried gene cassettes. The aacA gene was most frequently found within class 1 integrons (69%), followed by blaOXA family genes (52%). From class 1 integron-positive strains, we detected a total of 15 isolates (34%) carrying no gene cassettes. Restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis of the integrons variable region revealed some identical structures, as well as distinct profiles indicating heterogeneity among these cassette regions. Multiresistance was observed in 71% of isolates, nevertheless no strong correlation was observed between integron presence and multiresistance. This is the first report showing class 1 integron prevalence and gene cassette content in P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical settings in the Brazilian Amazon. 相似文献
18.
Nelson DE Dong Q Van der Pol B Toh E Fan B Katz BP Mi D Rong R Weinstock GM Sodergren E Fortenberry JD 《PloS one》2012,7(5):e36298
Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal microbiotas are associated with reproductive health and STI resistance in women, whereas altered microbiotas are associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), STI risk and poor reproductive outcomes. Putative vaginal taxa have been observed in male first-catch urine, urethral swab and coronal sulcus (CS) specimens but the significance of these observations is unclear. We used 16 S rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiota of the CS and urine collected from 18 adolescent men over three consecutive months. CS microbiotas of most participants were more stable than their urine microbiotas and the composition of CS microbiotas were strongly influenced by circumcision. BV-associated taxa, including Atopobium, Megasphaera, Mobiluncus, Prevotella and Gemella, were detected in CS specimens from sexually experienced and inexperienced participants. In contrast, urine primarily contained taxa that were not abundant in CS specimens. Lactobacilllus and Streptococcus were major urine taxa but their abundance was inversely correlated. In contrast, Sneathia, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma were only found in urine from sexually active participants. Thus, the CS and urine support stable and distinct bacterial communities. Finally, our results suggest that the penis and the urethra can be colonized by a variety of BV-associated taxa and that some of these colonizations result from partnered sexual activity. 相似文献
19.
Sharma S Sommers JA Gary RK Friedrich-Heineken E Hübscher U Brosh RM 《Nucleic acids research》2005,33(21):6769-6781
Werner and Bloom syndromes are genetic RecQ helicase disorders characterized by genomic instability. Biochemical and genetic data indicate that an important protein interaction of WRN and Bloom syndrome (BLM) helicases is with the structure-specific nuclease Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), an enzyme that is implicated in the processing of DNA intermediates that arise during cellular DNA replication, repair and recombination. To acquire a better understanding of the interaction of WRN and BLM with FEN-1, we have mapped the FEN-1 binding site on the two RecQ helicases. Both WRN and BLM bind to the extreme C-terminal 18 amino acid tail of FEN-1 that is adjacent to the PCNA binding site of FEN-1. The importance of the WRN/BLM physical interaction with the FEN-1 C-terminal tail was confirmed by functional interaction studies with catalytically active purified recombinant FEN-1 deletion mutant proteins that lack either the WRN/BLM binding site or the PCNA interaction site. The distinct binding sites of WRN and PCNA and their combined effect on FEN-1 nuclease activity suggest that they may coordinately act with FEN-1. WRN was shown to facilitate FEN-1 binding to its preferred double-flap substrate through its protein interaction with the FEN-1 C-terminal binding site. WRN retained its ability to physically bind and stimulate acetylated FEN-1 cleavage activity to the same extent as unacetylated FEN-1. These studies provide new insights to the interaction of WRN and BLM helicases with FEN-1, and how these interactions might be regulated with the PCNA–FEN-1 interaction during DNA replication and repair. 相似文献
20.
Elevational species richness gradients in a hyperdiverse insect taxon: a global meta‐study on geometrid moths 下载免费PDF全文
Jan Beck Christy M. McCain Jan C. Axmacher Louise A. Ashton Florian Bärtschi Gunnar Brehm Sei‐Woong Choi Oldrich Cizek Robert K. Colwell Konrad Fiedler Cristina L. Francois Steven Highland Jeremy D. Holloway Jurie Intachat Tomas Kadlec Roger L. Kitching Sarah C. Maunsell Thomas Merckx Akihiro Nakamura Erica Odell Weiguo Sang Pagi S. Toko Jaroslav Zamecnik Yi Zou Vojtech Novotny 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2017,26(4):412-424