The nature of the genetic determinant for the SHV-1 beta-lactamase.

Summary In two unrelated plasmids of incompatibility groups FII and N the gene for the SHV-1 -lactamase exists as part of a transposable element of molecular weight 9.5 megadaltons. This transposon has moved onto plasmids of at least three incompatibility groups; PI, I and J. This confirms the suggestion that the recent spread of the SHV-1 -lactamase has been associated with the transposition of the genetic determinant of this enzyme between unrelated plasmids.     

Argonaute亚族蛋白对人类肿瘤细胞周期的影响

Argonaute(Ago)家族蛋白与小的非编码RNAs(siRNAs, miRNAs, piRNAs)生物发生和细胞功能密切相关．它可以结合小RNAs,调控蛋白质的合成或影响mRNA的稳定性,即RNA干扰(RNAi),并且参与Piwi相关RNAs(piRNAs)的生成．人类Argonaute蛋白家族包括8个成员,对其中的4个(Ago1～Ago4)mRNAs进行了实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测,其在许多细胞中共表达,与细胞生长紧密相关．针对人乳腺癌MCF7和子宫颈癌HeLa细胞系,通过下调Ago亚族蛋白表达量,研究其在细胞周期中的调控作用．MTT实验证明,Ago蛋白表达缺失导致细胞增殖活性显著下降(P < 0.01),生长受阻．进一步研究揭示,细胞周期在G0/G1期发生停滞,其中Ago1(P < 0.01)和Ago4(P < 0.05)的作用尤为明显,但并不引发凋亡．虽然具体调控机制尚不清晰,但在人类肿瘤细胞中Argonaute蛋白可直接或间接地参与细胞周期进程的调控．     

甘薯块根特异蛋白——Sporamin的研究进展

Sporamin是在甘薯块根中特异表达的一类特殊贮藏蛋白,它不仅具有一般贮藏蛋白的特性,而且还具有胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活性,并与甘薯块根的形成过程密切相关。本文就近年来对该块根特异蛋白的特性和功能,以及在分子生物学水平上的研究进展进行了综述。     

Downstream effects on human low density lipoprotein of homocysteine exported from endothelial cells in an in vitro system

A model system is presented using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in atherosclerosis. HUVECs are shown to export Hcy at a rate determined by the flux through the methionine/Hcy pathway. Additional methionine increases intracellular methionine, decreases intracellular folate, and increases Hcy export, whereas additional folate inhibits export. An inverse relationship exists between intracellular folate and Hcy export. Hcy export may be regulated by intracellular S-adenosyl methionine rather than by Hcy. Human LDLs exposed to HUVECs exporting Hcy undergo time-related lipid oxidation, a process inhibited by the thiol trap dithionitrobenzoate. This is likely to be related to the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which we show are associated with Hcy export. Although Hcy is the major oxidant, cysteine also contributes, as shown by the effect of glutamate. Finally, the LDL oxidized in this system showed a time-dependent increase in uptake by human macrophages, implying an upregulation of the scavenger receptor. These results suggest that continuous export of Hcy from endothelial cells contributes to the generation of extracellular hydroxyl radicals, with associated oxidative modification of LDL and incorporation into macrophages, a key step in atherosclerosis. Factors that regulate intracellular Hcy metabolism modulate these effects.     

青冈常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征

分析我国中亚热带东部青冈（Ｑｕｅｒｃｕｓｇｌａｕｃａ）常绿阔叶林内的小气候特征,１９９３～１９９５年的研究结果表明：①到达青冈林的总太阳辐射为３３４４７８０ｋＪ／（ｍ２·ａ）,四季中群落的反射率、透射率和吸收率分别为１６％～２２％、９％～１２％和６７％～７４％。②林冠外上方及群落上层气温在白天高于群落下层,夜间低于群落下层,可相差３～５℃,夏季差异最大。③林内外空气相对湿度的日动态呈“Ｕ”型变化,林内夜间湿度高达９０％左右,午间较低,在５０％左右。在四季的晴天中,林冠上方的空气相对湿度均低于林内,相差５％～２２％,夏季和冬季差异最大。④林中的ＣＯ２浓度在林冠层最低,近地面层最高,各季节始终低于林外,其中夏、秋两季最明显。⑤在春、夏、秋３季中,土壤温度为白天高于夜间,而冬季则为夜间高于白天;土壤湿度以冬、春季较高（３１．９％和２８．５％）,夏季最低（１４．２％）。由于青冈次生林的叶面积指数较小,群落结构较简单,因而整个群落的透光系数较大,群落内外空气温湿度的差异也较小,体现出幼年林向中年林过渡阶段的特点     

NEW RECORD GENUS MICROCREPIS CHEN FROM CHINA, AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES ( COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE,ALTICINAE)

记述了中国1新纪录属喜山跳甲属Microcrepis Chen及1新种M.laevigata Wang et Ge,sp.nov.,模式产地为云南泸水.该属此前已记录9种,均分布于喜马拉雅山脉高海拔地区,是个典型的高山型属,我国一直无分布报道.本文给出了该属世界已知10种的名录、分布、检索表及新种记述.新种模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所.     

Somatic embryogenesis in Eucalyptus globulus

Somatic embryos were obtained from 1% of cotyledon pieces and hypocotyls of mature embryos of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. cultured on media containing a high concentration of picloram or IBA. 2,4-D and other synthetic auxins did not yield somatic embryos or embryogenic callus. Somatic embryos arose indirectly via callus, being visible after four months, and directly, where little callus or adventitious root initiation occurred. Somatic embryos, formed directly from explants, were visible within five weeks. Various structural abnormalities of somatic embryos were observed, especially after induction on media containing picloram. Only two out of fifteen somatic embryos showed hypocotyl and radical elongation, but plantlets did not develop further.     

小麦耐盐突变体的分子生物学鉴定

利用Ｆ１花药培养、ＥＭＳ诱变和耐盐性反复筛选后已稳定９ 代的小麦耐盐突变体ＲＨ８７０６－ ４９、Ｈ８７０６－ ３４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４４、Ｈ８７０６－ ４８、Ｈ８７０６－ ５７ 及其亲本濮农３６６５、百农３０３９ 为材料,用生化标记（醇溶蛋白）及分子标记（ＲＡＰＤ）分析了各材料间的差异,发现突变体与亲本相比,不仅发生了蛋白质水平的变异,而且也在ＤＮＡ 水平上证明了突变的发生,从而为耐盐突变体的真实性提供了有力的证据,排除了盐适应的可能性; 经用２１８ 个引物对５ 个突变体之间的多态性进行ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果表明,它们之间的差异很小,其遗传背景相似,因而它们是一系列耐盐性不同的近似等位基因系     

稻纵卷叶螟和白背飞虱序列危害及间隔天数对水稻生理生化的影响

【目的】为了解稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera的复合危害对水稻产量相关因子和相关酶类的影响。【方法】本文设定两种害虫的先后危害顺序,并通过调整两者开始危害的时间,研究了受害后水稻在灌浆期根、茎和叶片中淀粉和蔗糖含量的变化以及蔗糖合成酶(Sucrose synthase,SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(Sucrose phosphate synthase,SPS)活性的变化。【结果】随着接虫量的增加,水稻不同组织内各生理指标与对照相比均显著下降。随着间隔天数的增加,先接白背飞虱为害要重于先接稻纵卷叶螟。比如叶片中蔗糖含量在先接稻纵卷叶螟的处理中随着间隔天数的增加显著增加,相应的SPS活性显著增加,间隔24 d的处理显著高于间隔6 d和12 d;而先接白背飞虱的处理中蔗糖含量与SPS活性均显著降低,间隔24 d的处理显著低于间隔6 d和12 d的处理。茎部淀粉含量在先接稻纵卷叶螟的处理中随着间隔天数的增加逐渐增加,SS活性显著增加,而先接白背飞虱的处理中淀粉含量和SS活性均显著降低;叶片中淀粉含量均随着间隔天数的增加逐渐降低,而相应的SS活性在先接稻纵卷叶螟的处理中显著增加,在先接白背飞虱的处理中相反。另外,接虫量和间隔天数间有显著的交互作用。【结论】本研究对指导水稻生产中的"两迁害虫"防治具有潜在应用价值。     

崇明东滩盐沼植被扩散格局及其形成机制

长江河口盐沼植被的形成和演化是生物与其生长环境相互作用的结果。以崇明东滩盐沼植被典型扩散前沿为研究对象,2011至2012年期间调查了盐沼植被扩散前沿实生苗扩散、定居以及形成的扩散格局,同时测定了盐沼植被扩散前沿的潮滩冲淤动态和水文动力条件。研究结果表明,崇明东滩盐沼植被在扩散前沿形成了互花米草-光滩(Spartina alterniflora-Mudflat,SM)和互花米草-海三棱藨草-光滩(Spartina alterniflora-Scirpus mariqueter-Mudflat,SSM)两种典型的扩散格局。冲淤动态和水文动力条件是影响盐沼植被扩散格局的重要因子,尤其是在4—6月盐沼植物实生苗传播和定居的关键阶段。在此基础上,分析了东滩盐沼植被扩散前沿的生物-物理相互作用以及盐沼植被扩散格局的形成机制。研究结果不仅有助于理解长江河口地区盐沼植被扩散的生物物理过程,并对全球气候变化和海平面上升条件下滨海生态系统动态预测与湿地保护与管理具有重要的意义。