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21.
Ann M. Marini Masao Kozuka Robert H. Lipsky † Thaddeus S. Nowak Jr. 《Journal of neurochemistry》1990,54(5):1509-1516
Induction of the 70-kDa heat shock protein, hsp70, was evaluated in cultured cerebellar astrocytes and granule cell neurons subjected to a hyperthermic stress, using a monoclonal antibody and an oligonucleotide probe that selectively recognize stress-inducible species of hsp70-related proteins and RNAs, respectively. Immunoblots of cultures enriched in either granule cells or astrocytes, and immunocytochemical localization studies in cocultures of these cell types, demonstrated that hsp70 induction was restricted to the astrocyte population. Amino acid incorporation experiments showed little difference in the loss and recovery of overall protein synthesis activity in these two cell types following transient hyperthermic stress. RNA blot hybridizations confirmed the preferential glial induction of hsp70. In vivo immunocytochemical studies in brains of adult rats following hyperthermia were consistent with earlier observations that suggested a primarily glial and vascular localization of the heat shock response in most brain regions, although the intense immunoreactivity in the cerebellar granule cell layer suggests that there is induction of hsp70 in these neurons under in vivo conditions. These results suggest the potential value of such defined cell cultures in identifying mechanisms responsible for differences in the heat shock response of various cell types in vitro, and in revealing factors that may account for the apparent absence of the stress response in cultured cerebellar granule cell neurons. 相似文献
22.
The influence of pH on the activation of yeast enolase by Mn2+ was measured by steady-state kinetics. The pH influence on the binding of Mn2+ to apoenolase and the enolase-substrate complex was measured by EPR spectroscopy. At pH values above 6.6, activation by Mn2+ is fit by Michaelis-Menten kinetics, but at higher concentrations of Mn2+, inhibition is observed. Under conditions analogous to the kinetic studies, the enzyme binds two Mn2+ per dimer with a Kd in the micromolar range. In the presence of the substrate 2-phosphoglycerate, three thermodynamically distinct cation binding sites per monomer are detected and the binding constants are determined by a fit to the data. As the pH decreases, the reaction velocity decreases and the cation inhibition becomes minimal. Under these conditions, only two Mn2+ binding sites per monomer are observed; the third site must be the inhibitory site. The velocity and kinetic constants are minimally affected by buffer except at pH 5.8 with PIPES. Under these conditions, the velocity is only about 40% that observed with other buffers and only a single binding site for Mn2+ per monomer is detected in the presence or absence of substrate. A direct role in the catalytic mechanism by the second cation is called to question. The binding constant for Mn2+ at site I is independent of pH over the range from 7.5 to 5.2, and the binding at site II increases only slightly over this same pH range. These results indicate that the cation sites at positions I and II contain ligands that are pH independent over this range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
23.
Occurrence of heavy metals,sodium, calcium,and potassium in human hair,teeth, and nails 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barbara Nowak 《Biological trace element research》1996,52(1):11-22
Heavy metals in biological samples: nails, teeth, and hair were examined during 1991–1993. Investigations of biological samples
(hairn=249 samples, teethn=145, nailsn=80 samples) were provided for inhabitants of selected towns in Beskid Śląski. The towns are small mountain towns in southern
Poland: Wista, Szczyrk, Istebna, Koniaków, and Jaworzynka. The analysis of ANOVA and MANOVA variances were used for biological
samples in the context of age, sex, and type of samples for 12 elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Na, and K).
The matrix correlation and cluster analysis were applied to explain the behavior of metals in human hair, teeth, and nails. 相似文献
24.
Abstract: Histamine (HA) potently stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in intact pineal glands taken from light-exposed chicks. The action of HA was stronger in the presence of forskolin and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). The effect of HA was mimicked by HA H1- and H2-receptor-selective agonists in the following order of potency: HA > 4-methylhistamine (H2) > 2-methylhistamine (H1) > 2-thiazolylethylamine (H1) ≫ dimaprit (H2). The HA H3-receptor-selective agonist (R)α-methylhistamine was poorly active. The effect of HA was antagonized by selective H2-receptor blockers (tiotidine > oxmetidine > cimetidine = ranitidine) and was not significantly affected by the selective H1- and H3-receptor blockers mepyramine and thioperamide. A detailed analysis of an antagonistic action of ranitidine (versus HA) revealed a noncompetitive mode of action of the H2 blocker. The stimulatory action of the H1 agonist 2-thiazolylethylamine (both under basal conditions and in the presence of forskolin or IBMX) was not significantly influenced by three H1-receptor-selective blockers (mepyramine, triprolidine, and diphenhydramine), but it was totally counteracted by ranitidine. Using accepted selective agonists and antagonists of the HA H1, H2, and H3 receptor we were unable to identify clearly the receptor subtype mediating the HA action on the cyclic AMP-generating system of the chick pineal. It is suggested that the receptor under consideration may represent either an H2-like (in terms of mammalian criteria) or avian-specific HA receptor. The data suggest that HA may be considered a modulator of the pineal activity in chicks. 相似文献
25.
The effect of high light intensity on photosynthesis and growth of Sphagnum moss species from Alaskan arctic tundra was studied under field and laboratory conditions. Field experiments consisted of experimental shading of mosses at sites normally exposed to full ambient irradiance, and removal of the vascular plant canopy from above mosses in tundra water track habitats. Moss growth was then monitored in the experimental plots and in adjacent control areas for 50 days from late June to early August 1988. In shaded plots total moss growth was 2–3 times higher than that measured in control plots, while significant reductions in moss growth were found in canopy removal plots. The possibility that photoinhibition of photosynthesis might occur under high-light conditions and affect growth was studied under controlled laboratory conditions with mosses collected from the arctic study site, as well as from a temperate location in the Sierra Nevada, California. After 2 days of high-light treatment (800 mol photons m–2 s–1) in a controlled environmental chamber, moss photosynthetic capacity was significantly lowered in both arctic and temperate samples, and did not recover during the 14-day experimental period. The observed decrease in photosynthetic capacity was correlated (r
2=0.735, P<0.001) with a decrease in the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F
v/F
m) in arctic and temperate mosses. This relationship indicates photoinhibition of photosynthesis in both arctic and temperate mosses at even moderately high light intensities. It is suggested that susceptibility to photoinhibition and failure to photoacclimate to higher light intensities in Sphagnum spp. may be related to low tissue nitrogen levels in these exclusively ombrotrophic plants. Photoinhibition of photosynthesis leading to lowered annual carbon gain in Sphagnum mosses may be an important factor affecting CO2 flux at the ecosystem level, given the abundance of these plants in Alaskan tussock tundra. 相似文献
26.
Summary DNA fingerprints generated by the Jeffreys' probes, 33.6 and 33.15, indicated the presence of minisatellite-like sequences
in the red clover genome. The fingerprints generated by probe 33.6 gave less background and fewer but better defined bands
than those obtained with probe 33.15. Assay of a regenerative somaclonal variant (F49R) by DNA fingerprinting with probe 33.6
detected mutation that was unlinked to the regenerative trait. The fingerprints obtained under the applied conditions also
demonstrated genetic stability of consecutive generations of the regenerants in tissue culture. DNA fingerprints of F1 plants revealed that each polymorphic band was inherited from either one or the other parent. Both probes distinguished individual-specific
genotypes in seven cultivars of red clover. Greater variability in DNA fingerprints was detected between (V=0.899) than within
(0.417≤V≤0.548) cultivars. 相似文献
27.
Erwin Stresemann und Eugeniusz Nowak 《Journal of Ornithology》1958,99(3):243-296
Zusammenfassung Die Türkentaube war ursprünglich auf semi-aride Gebiete Südasiens beschränkt. Dort lassen sich drei geographische Rassen unterscheiden. Eine davon,Streptopelia decaocto decaocto, bewohnte bis zum Beginn des historischen Zeitalters nur Indien, nordwärts bis zum Himalaya, ostwärts etwa bis zum Brahmaputra. Später ist sie, vermutlich auf dem Seewege, nach Nord-China eingeführt worden, wo sie sich stark ausgebreitet hat.Auch nach Vorder-Asien ist sie von Indien her erst in historischer Zeit gelangt. Es ist wahrscheinlich, aber nicht sicher, daß sie nach Mesopotamien durch den Menschen gebracht wurde. Von dort aus ist sie nach Syrien und (schwerlich vor der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts) nach Anatolien und weiter nach Südost-Europa vorgedrungen, wo die Türken ihr eine besondere Hege angedeihen ließen. In der europäischen Türkei entwickelten sich Populationen in sehr vielen Städten und Dörfern. Einige davon (z. B. in Mostar und Bessarabien) sind wahrscheinlich auf importierte Paare zurückzuführen.Nach dem Zusammenbruch der türkischen Herrschaft in Bessarabien (1812), Griechenland (1828), Rumelien, Bulgarien, Serbien, Albanien, Montenegro, Herzegowina (1878), verloren die Türkentauben dort ihre Beschützer. Ihr Bestand ging sehr stark zurück, in weiten Gebieten (Bessarabien, Griechenland), wurden sie gänzlich ausgerottet. Erst nach 1900 breiteten sie sich in Bulgarien und wohl auch in Serbien wieder aus. Das war nach Ansicht der Verff. die Folge oekologischer Umstellung vom Nisten an Häusern und unter Dächern zum Brüten auf Bäumen.Von vorgeschobenen, dicht besiedelten Kolonien (Mostar, Belgrad, Orten an der bulgarisch-rumänischen Grenze) aus drangen Türkentauben um 1930 über die Grenzen des einstigen osmanischen Reiches in drei Richtungen vor, und zwar nach der Küste Dalmatiens, nach Ungarn und nach der Walachei.Infolge der dort einsetzenden starken Vermehrung (wahrscheinlich ermöglicht durch verminderten Feinddruck) hat sich die Türkentaube schnell weiter verbreitet. In einem günstigen Jahr kann eine örtliche Population, wie nachgewiesen, um mehr als 250% zunehmen.Zur Zeit ist die Türkentaube in der Po-Ebene bis nach Turin, nördlich der Alpen bis an die Küste der Nordsee (Belgien, Holland, Cuxhaven), des Skagerrak (Skagen) und der Ostsee (Wismar, Rostock, Danzig, Reval), und über Rumänien bis zum Dnjestr und sogar bis Kiew vorgedrungen. Schon haben einzelne Paare in Ost-England, Schottland und Süd-Schweden mit Erfolg gebrütet.Bisher sind 15, meist am Geburtsort beringte Türkentauben in größerer Entfernung (bis 720 km) wiedergefunden worden. Sie beweisen, daß die von ihrer Stamm-Kolonie abwandernden (wohl meist noch nicht einjährigen) Individuen dies ohne Bevorzugung einer Himmelsrichtung tun, also wahllos streuen. Das kann zu jeder Jahreszeit geschehen. Der Ort der endgültigen Ansiedlung abgewanderter Individuen oder Paare ist mitunter über 700 km weit vom Geburtsort entfernt.Daß das Vordringen der Türkentaube infolge ihrer Eigenschaft, den Winter am Brutplatz oder in dessen Nähe zu verbringen, an einer klimatisch bedingten Ausbreitungsgrenze (Winter-Isotherme?) enden wird, ist wahrscheinlich. Diese Grenze scheint bisher noch nicht erreicht zu sein. Der nördlichste bisherige Brut- und zugleich Überwinterungsort liegt dicht bei Reval (= Tallinn), 59° 45 N (südlichstes Siedlungsgebiet ist Nord-Ceylon, 9° 45 N).Man kennt weder morphologische noch ethologische Unterschiede zwischen den nördlichsten und den südlichsten, durch 50 Breitengrade getrennten Populationen. Starker Frost kann bei den europäischen Türkentauben eine Schädigung der Zehen bewirken, die dem Vogel das Umfassen von Zweigen und das Laufen erschwert. Ob die indischen noch empfindlicher gegen Kälte sind, wurde bisher noch nicht untersucht. 相似文献
28.
29.
The comparative studies on fry of dominant fish species in the lowland Sulejow Reservoir have demonstrated the importance of an unstable ecotonal shoreline zone in whole system dynamics, which affects water quality. Ecotone zone utilization by fish determines their reproductive success and consequently pressure of fry on a zooplankton community. Density of perch, which dominates in the fry community of the Reservoir, influences the utilization of ecotonal resources by dominant cyprinid fry-roach. A reverse relationship between perch and roach fry densities has been demonstrated, which in turn, affects utilization of zooplankton by roach fry. At stations of highest perch density roach reduces feeding on zooplankton and eats more algae and insects. The knowledge of competitive relations between perch and cyprinid fry has been an important aspect of application of the biomanipulation concept in the reservoir ecosystem, to improve fish yield and water quality. Hypothetical models of energy flow through the reservoir's ecosystem with poor and well developed flooded riparian ecotonal zones are established. 相似文献
30.
Eugeniusz Nowak 《Journal of Ornithology》1995,136(1):76
In October or November 1983 one specimen of the Slender-billed Curlew, shot at and wounded by a hunter near the city of El Kala (36° 55 N, 8° 25 E) was brought to the University of Annaba. After having died, it was prepared as a skin for the scientific collection of the University. 相似文献