应用微卫星标记分析中国地方鸡种的遗传变异

利用 8个微卫星位点对中国 9个地方鸡种和 1个引进品种进行了遗传检测。计算出了各品种的平均杂合度、平均多态信息含量 (PIC)及品种间的遗传距离 ,并进行了系统聚类。结果表明 :8个微卫星位点上共检测到了5 4个等位基因 ,每个位点上平均为 6 .75个。各位点平均多态信息含量为 0 .5 0 71～ 0 .74 34,均表现出了高度多态性。各群体平均杂合度较高 ,为 0 .5 5 6 4～ 0 .7135 ,说明我国地方鸡种有着较丰富的遗传多样性。地方鸡种间的遗传距离相对较远 ,10个鸡种共分为三大类。研究结果对我国鸡种资源的评估、保存和预测杂种优势具有一定的指导意义     

黄土高原半干旱区刺槐生长盛期树干液流动态

通过研究树干液流速率与气象因子的关系,可以定量地分析树木生长与群落蒸腾耗水的相互关系,揭示黄土高原半干旱区刺槐水分利用动态及其适应环境因子的内在机理,为当地生态环境建设提供理论依据。应用热扩散式树干茎流计(TDP)于2008年7月1日至7月26日,在黄土高原半干旱区安塞县对刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)人工林生长盛期树干液流速率进行了连续测定,并对周围气象、土壤水分等指标进行了同步测定。刺槐生长盛期树干液流速率晴天日变化呈宽峰形曲线,在测量时期液流速率日平均值为0.00133cm·s–1;刺槐树干单位边材面积的液流速率与光合有效辐射、大气温度、水汽压差呈极显著正相关关系,与相对湿度呈负相关关系。其相关程度绝对值顺序为光合有效辐射大气温度水汽压差相对湿度风速;刺槐边材面积与胸径之间存在着显著的线性相关关系,相关系数为0.878,单位边材面积的液流速率随树干胸径的增大而减小。     

香港嘉道理农场次生林区碰撞诱捕网和黑光灯捕虫器采集所得鞘翅目甲虫多样性比较

本文根据1990-1995年在香港嘉道理农场次生林区采集的昆虫标本,首次分析了鞘翅目及其优势科的种类、数量和季节性变化,以及由碰撞诱捕网和黑光灯捕虫器采集所得甲虫在种类、数量和季节性上的差异。在13260号标本中,已鉴定到科的有13253号,分属45科,231种。其中,朽木甲科(Alleculidae)、毛蕈甲科(Biphyllidae)、丸甲科(Byrrhidae)、坚甲科(Colydiidae)、拟球甲科(Corylophidae)、隐食甲科(Cryptophagidae)、水缨甲科(Hydroscaphidae)、伪叶甲科(Lagliidae)、薪甲科(Lathridiidae)、泽甲科(Limnichidae)、黑蕈甲科(Zopheridae)等11个科为香港地区的首次报道,约占本次调查科总数的25％。分析表明：(1)该次生林区的鞘翅目甲虫以蛀木性为主。天牛科(Cerambycidae)、瓢虫科(Coccinellidae)、象甲科(Curculionidae)、花蚤科(Mordellidae)、金龟甲科(Scarabaeidae)、小蠹科(Scolytidae)等6科均为多样性较高(种类≥15或者个体数量≥200)的优势科。(2)鞘翅目个体数量季节性明显,每年自2月开始数量逐渐增加,6—7月为甲虫发生的高峰期,8月显著减少。各优势科甲虫的季节性也存在一定的差异,庞大的小蠹标本数量(85％)说明在此调查期间该科正处于大发生时期。(3)黑光灯捕虫器所捕的甲虫科类和种类较之碰撞诱捕网所捕不尽相同,黑光灯捕虫器所捕的甲虫数量发生高峰期比碰撞诱捕网所捕的甲虫提前一个月。(4)各项多样性指数对不同捕虫器采集所得鞘翅目的测度差异明显,黑光灯捕虫器所捕甲虫的多样度和均匀度指数高于碰撞诱捕网。     

十字花科植物花蜜腺的比较形态学研究

十字花科植物普遍具有花蜜腺。通过对该科9族、36属的74种和1变种植物花蜜腺的形态和结构的比较研究,发现它们的内部结构都由分泌表皮、产蜜组织以及维管束(有些种类缺乏)组成。分泌表皮上分布有变态气孔器,为分泌蜜汁的通道。其外部形态多样,花蜜腺的数量、形状、组成和着生位置等在同族的不同属或同属的不同种间都存在一定差异。根据花蜜腺在分布、形态和结构上的差异可将该科植物花蜜腺分为侧蜜腺型,侧中蜜腺型和环状蜜腺型,在三型下又可划分出19个亚型,并对该科各类型花蜜腺的形态演化关系以及各族间的亲缘关系进行了探讨。     

鲤鱼野生群体线粒体部分基因片段序列比较

通过对线粒体16S rRNA基因、D-loop区和Cyt b基因部分片段测定,探讨我国鲤鱼C.carpio野生群体和云南大头鲤C.pellegrini的遗传变异和亲缘关系.数据和并后用于分析的序列共1 492 bp,变异位点221个,含简约信息位点217个,其中新疆群体用于分析的序列长度为1 478 bp.以云南大头鲤为外群,推测鲤鱼群体问的系统发育关系和分化时间,MP法和NJ法得到相似的系统树,新疆群体与其他群体的差异较大,遗传距离较远,单独聚为一支,其他群体间相似性较高聚在一起,新疆群体与其他群体间的分化时间约为2.42×106～2.45×106年前.     

Kinship alters the effects of forced cohabitation on body weight,mate choice and fitness in the rat-like hamster Tscheskia triton

It has been documented that social isolation imparts deleterious effects on gregarious rodents species,but caging in group imparts such effects on solitary rodents. This study was attempted at examining how kinship to affect body weight,behavioral interaction,mate choice and fitness when we caged male and female rat-like hamsters Tscheskia triton in pair,a solitary species. We found that females paired with nonsibling males became heavier than the females paired with sibling males,but both agonistic and amicable behavior between paired males and females did not differ between sibling and nonsibling groups. This indicated that kinship might reduce females' obesity in response to forced cohabitation,and dissociation might exist between physiological and behavioral responses. Furthermore,binary choice tests revealed that social familiarity between either siblings or nonsiblings decreased their investigating time spent in opposite sex conspecific of cage mates and/or their scents as compared with those of nonmates,suggesting effects of social association on mate and kin selection of the hamsters. On the other side,both females and males caged in pair with siblings show a preference between unfamiliar siblings or their scents and the counterparts of nonsiblings after two month separation,indicating that the kin recognition of the hamsters might also rely on phenotype matching. In addition,cohabitation (or permanent presence of fathers) elicited a lower survival of pups in nonsibling pairs than sibling pairs,but did not affect litter size,suggesting that kinship affects fitness when housing male and female ratlike hamsters together. Therefore,inbreeding might be adapted for rare and endangered animals.     

Postconflict behavior among female Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana within one-male units in the Qinling Mountains, China

For group-living primates, the information on postconflict management is crucial for understanding primate competition and cooperation. However, such information is poorly known for snub-nosed monkeys, especially for wild populations. In this study, from September 2007 to June 2008, we investigated postconflict behavior among adult females Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana within one-male units in a wild, provisioned group in the Qinling Mountains of China by means of the time-rule method and the PC-MC method. We obtained a total of 81 PC-MC pairs and each individual was involved in only 0.004 aggressive behavior per observation hour. The first affiliative behavior was more likely to occur within the first minute after a conflict. The postconflict affiliative behaviors most often seen were contact-sit, embrace and grooming. The affiliative contacts between adult females occur due to selective attraction, I.e. Reconciliation. The pattern of postconflict affiliation demonstrates that the R. Roxellana belongs to a tolerant species.     

辣椒雄性不育材料H9A小孢子败育机理

运用光学、电子显微技术及生化指标测定法, 对辣椒（Capsicum annuum）雄性不育材料H9A及其保持系H9B小孢子不同发育时期进行细胞形态学观察及生化特性分析。结果表明, 雄性不育材料H9A的小孢子败育发生在单核前期, 由于绒毡层细胞极度膨胀, 四分体受挤压后破裂并降解, 无法形成正常的单核花粉粒, 属于孢子体败育。不育材料花蕾中的过氧化物酶活性从四分体时期开始明显高于保持系, 保持系游离脯氨酸含量从单核小孢子期开始明显高于不育材料; 不育材料小孢子发育各时期的可溶性蛋白含量都明显低于保持系, 但丙二醛含量均高于保持系。     

Prokaryotic Expression and Potential Application of the Truncated PCV-2 Capsid Protein

Three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify the F2-1, F2-2 and XF2-2 truncated sequences of ORF2 which encodes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2). The F2-1 sequence had most of the NLS region of ORF2, but the F2-2 and XF2-2 genes had the NLS region deleted. Truncated genes were subcloned into pET-32a(+) vectors to construct recombinant fusion expression vectors. The vectors were then transformed into Rosetta(DE3) E. coli and expressed by induction of IPTG. Expressed protein...