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61.
Serological Comparison of the Three Morphological Phases of Coccidioides immitis by the Agar Gel Diffusion Method 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Marshall E. Landay Robert W. Wheat Norman F. Conant Edwin P. Lowe 《Journal of bacteriology》1967,93(1):1-6
Hyperimmune sera against spherules and against arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis were prepared by inoculation of rabbits. The antibody content of these sera was studied by the agar gel diffusion method. It was observed that antispherule pooled sera formed multiple precipitin bands with extracts of spherules and of arthrospores. The antiarthrospore pooled serum, however, failed to precipitate with the spherule extract, and formed a single band in the presence of an arthrospore solution. When the spherule and the arthrospore extracts were tested with a variety of different antisera, it was observed that the spherule preparation formed bands only in combination with anti-purified spherule pooled serum, whereas the arthrospore extract precipitated with anti-purified spherule, antiarthrospore, and anti-Histoplasma capsulatum pooled sera. It was also observed that a spherule culture supernatant solution formed five precipitin bands in combination with anti-spherule pooled sera, formed one band with pooled antiserum from rabbits with coccidioidomycosis, and did not precipitate in the presence of antiarthrospore pooled serum. Coccidioidin, however, formed two bands in the presence of any of these antisera. It was therefore concluded that extracts from the spherule phase of C. immitis differed from solutions obtained from the arthrospore and mycelial phases. 相似文献
62.
Reports of changes in DNA content of certain types of cells following exposure to conditions of stress has led to the suggestion that two kinds of DNA may be present. One is genetic DNA, and the other is called "metabolic" DNA. In a further attempt to investigate the possibility of this phenomenon, determinations of DNA content were made on Feulgen-stained nuclei of adrenal glands and kidneys in cold-treated rats. Feulgen-stained nuclei were measured by two-wavelength microspectrophotometry. Particular attention was given to the handling of the smears in hydrolysis and staining. Mean values of Feulgen-DNA contents in a total of 720 nuclei demonstrated (a) a constancy of DNA content within 2% in individual nuclei both in adrenal medulla and kidney cortex, (b) no more than an average of 2% difference in DNA content between control and experimental nuclei, and (c) no more than an average of 1.5% difference in DNA content between normal kidney cortex nuclei and normal adrenal medulla nuclei. These results confirm the view that the more precise the measurement, the more accurately the constancy rule is obeyed. Moreover, there is no support for the concept of a metabolic DNA in the rat adrenal medulla. 相似文献
63.
Sinusoidal oscillatory flow of blood and of aqueous glycerol solutions was produced in rigid cylindrical tubes. For aqueous glycerol, the amplitude of the measured pressure gradient wave form conformed closely to that predicted by Womersley's theory of oscillatory flow, up to Reynolds numbers approaching 2000. Blood differed significantly from aqueous glycerol solutions of comparable viscosity, especially at low frequencies and high hematocrits. As frequency increased, the hydraulic impedance of blood decreased to a minimum at a frequency of about 1-2 CPS, increasing monotonically at higher frequencies. The dynamic apparent viscosity of blood, calculated from Womersley's theory, decreased with increasing flow amplitude. The reactive component of the hydraulic impedance increased with frequency as predicted by theory; the resistive component decreased with increasing frequency, differing from the resistance of a Newtonian fluid which increased with frequency. 相似文献
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Norman E. Good 《Plant physiology》1961,36(6):788-803
69.
Norman H. Boke 《American journal of botany》1959,46(3):197-209
Boke , Norman H. (U. Oklahoma, Norman.) Endomorphic and ectomorphic characters in Pelecyphora and Encephalocarpus. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(3) : 197-209. Illus. 1959.—Outstanding ectomorphic characters of Pelecyphora valdeziana include its small size; pectinate, hairy spines; broad, truncate, floral buds; dehiscent, berry-like fruits; and black, tuberculate seeds. The leaves are vestigial, and although the areole meristem originates on the adaxial face of the tubercle primordium, it is soon elevated to the summit by intercalary growth. The first primordium of the single, elliptical series of spines is initiated immediately in front of the rudimentary leaf. Others form in acropetal sequence on either side of the areole meristem. The last ones form across the areole, leaving a meristem, which may be floral or vegetative, on the anterior side. Whether areoles of P. valdeziana can be considered dimorphic is doubtful. However, they approach the type of dimorphism found in Epithelantha. Pelecyphora aselliformis has acuminate floral buds; dry, papery fruits; and brown, curved, reticulate seeds. The leaves are reduced almost to extinction. The areole meristem becomes separated into spiniferous and axial portions early in ontogeny, but the 2 parts remain connected by a band of trichomes, which probably represents a vestigial groove. The axial meristem may be reproductive or vegetative. The sequence of spine initiation in P. aselliformis is unusual in that it begins at the anterior side of the spiniferous meristem and proceeds toward the posterior side. Areoles in this species are clearly dimorphic, much as in the mammillarias, but the vestigial groove is reminiscent of Coryphantha and related genera. Although adult specimens of Encephalocarpus strobiliformis bear scale-like tubercles, which are very different from the laterally compressed tubercles of P. aselliformis, their flowers, fruits, and seeds are almost identical. The two species share the same type of areole dimorphism, including the vestigial groove. Tubercles on seedlings and young branches of E. strobiliformis are prismatic rather than scale-like. Since they tend to be laterally compressed at the summit and bear elliptical areoles with many more spines than the adult, they resemble seedling tubercles of P. aselliformis. Tubercles on adult specimens likewise resemble each other in the structure of the epidermis and hypodermis. It does not seem possible that P. valdeziana can be retained in the genus Pelecyphora. If seed structure has any systematic value, the species belongs in or near the genus Thelocactus, to which it was assigned by Bravo. Pelecyphora aselliformis and Encephalocarpus strobiliformis, on the other hand, share so many important characters that they could well be considered cogeneric. Both seed structure and the rudimentary grooves on the tubercles suggest that their affinities may lie with certain coryphanthas or mammillarias rather than with Ariocarpus and Epithelantha. 相似文献
70.
Norman Moskowitz 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1967,42(5):221-225
Celloidin sections from formalin-fixed brain and spinal cord of primates are stored in 70% alcohol after cutting, soaked in 2% pyridine in 50% alcohol for 6-8 hr at 37 C, and transferred to 1% concentrated NH4OH in 50% alcohol 15-18 hr at 20-25 C. After washing and flattening, the sections are transferred to 1% silver protein solution containing 30 ml of 0.2 M H3BO3/100 ml. Impregnation is accomplished in 50 ml screw-top jars, 50 mm in diameter, which are filled to a depth of 35 mm, and have 1 gm of copper foil, 0.002 inch thick added. The foil is folded in loose accordion-fashion, pierced and threaded, cleaned in 5% HNO3, rinsed in distilled water, and suspended in the solution just above the sections by fastening the thread to the jar lid. The sections are impregnated for 24 hr at 37 C, rinsed in distilled water, reduced in a solution of 5% Na2SO3 and 1% hydroquinone for 10 min, washed in distilled water and toned in 0.2% gold chloride for 5 min. After rinsing in distilled water, the sections are transferred to 1% oxalic acid for 45-60 sec, washed in distilled water and placed in 5% Na2S2O3 for 5 min. Sections are then washed, dehydrated to 95% alcohol, cleared in terpineol, followed by 3 changes in xylene, and mounted. 相似文献