全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1429篇 |
免费 | 69篇 |
专业分类
1498篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 19篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 78篇 |
2012年 | 98篇 |
2011年 | 83篇 |
2010年 | 64篇 |
2009年 | 56篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 111篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 120篇 |
2004年 | 98篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1498条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Formation of a Tree having a Low Lignin Content 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Received 30 September 2001/ Accepted in revised form 26 October 2001 相似文献
2.
ba Kazuko; Kondo Katsuyoshi; Doke Noriyuki; Uritani Ikuzo 《Plant & cell physiology》1985,26(5):873-880
Intact tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Irish Cobblerand an interspecific hybrid between S. tuberosum and S. demissumcv. Rishiri) contain a very low activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl(HMG)-CoA reductase. The activity increased first in responseto slicing, and again in response to additional treatments suchas inoculation with an incompatible race of Phytophthora infestans,application of a hyphal wall component of the fungus or HgCl2solution, and then decreased. Both the first and the secondincreases in activity in response to slicing and additionaltreatment with a hyphal wall component to elicit phytoalexinproduction were inhibited by blasticidin S. Properties of HMG-CoAreductase induced by slicing and by additional treatment withHgCl2 or fungal inoculation were investigated.
2 Present address: Faculty of Home Economics, Nagoya Women'sUniversity, Shioji-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya 467, Japan. 相似文献
3.
The ascidian egg contains muscle and endoderm determinants that play critical roles in the specification of muscle and endoderm cells, respectively. Endoderm cells of the ascidian embryo express alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a tissue-specific enzyme. We obtained egg fragments from the unfertilized eggs of Ciona savignyi by means of centrifugal force. The largest fragment (red fragments) contained the egg nucleus while other small fragments (black, clear and brown fragments) were anucleate. When inseminated, only red fragments developed into partial embryos, which showed only epidermis cell differentiation and, very rarely, AP activity. When red fragments were fused with other fragments, only black fragments promoted AP expression, suggesting that endoderm determinants were concentrated in the black fragments. A lower dose (1500 J/m2 ) of ultraviolet (UV) light did not eliminate the AP-promoting ability of black fragments, while this dose significantly repressed the ability to promote the expression of the muscle-marker. A higher dose (4500 J/m2 ) of UV light markedly reduced the AP-promoting activity of black fragments. These results suggest that factors for endodermal AP development are inactivated by UV irradiation, but are more resistant than muscle determinants. 相似文献
4.
5.
R. Yoshiyuki Osamura Noriyuki komatsu Etsuko Nakahashi Keiichi Watanabe 《The Histochemical journal》1980,12(4):371-379
Summary Combined immunohistochemical staining (IHCS) and enzyme histochemical staining (EHCS) methods for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) are reported, using oestrogeninduced rat pituitary tumours. For LM, combined staining for alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase by EHCS, using the azo dye method, and for prolactin and ACTH by IHCS, using the enzyme-labelled antibody method, gave the best results on 1 m glycol methacrylate sections. For EM, combined staining by EHCS on 30 m tissue sections followed by IHCS for prolactin on ultrathin Epon sections (enzyme-labelled antibody method) provided acceptable results. By these combined staining methods, the neoplastic prolactin cells were shown to have close affinity to rich alkaline phosphatase-positive capillaries and to possess an alkaline phosphatase-positive cell membrane. Furthermore, they revealed acid phosphatase-positive lysosomal and secretory granules. These combined staining methods may be valuable in studies on the actual functional status of cells. 相似文献
6.
Wakana Saso Masako Yamasaki Shin-ichi Nakakita Shuetsu Fukushi Kana Tsuchimoto Noriyuki Watanabe Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen Osamu Kanie Masamichi Muramatsu Yoshimasa Takahashi Tetsuro Matano Makoto Takeda Yasuo Suzuki Koichi Watashi 《PLoS pathogens》2022,18(6)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been transmitted across all over the world, in contrast to the limited epidemic of genetically- and virologically-related SARS-CoV. However, the molecular basis explaining the difference in the virological characteristics among SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV has been poorly defined. Here we identified that host sialoglycans play a significant role in the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while this was not the case with SARS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly inhibited by α2-6-linked sialic acid-containing compounds, but not by α2–3 analog, in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells. The α2-6-linked compound bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 subunit to competitively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 attachment to cells. Enzymatic removal of cell surface sialic acids impaired the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and suppressed the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, in contrast to its least effect on SARS-CoV spread. Our study provides a novel molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection which illustrates the distinctive characteristics from SARS-CoV. 相似文献
7.
Kobayashi A Takanezawa Y Hirata T Shimizu Y Misasa K Kioka N Arai H Ueda K Matsuo M 《Journal of lipid research》2006,47(8):1791-1802
Cholesterol and phospholipids are essential to the body, but an excess of cholesterol or lipids is toxic and a risk factor for arteriosclerosis. ABCG1, one of the half-type ABC proteins, is thought to be involved in cholesterol homeostasis. To explore the role of ABCG1 in cholesterol homeostasis, we examined its subcellular localization and function. ABCG1 and ABCG1-K120M, a WalkerA lysine mutant, were localized to the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells stably expressing ABCG1 and formed a homodimer. A stable transformant expressing ABCG1 exhibited efflux of cholesterol and choline phospholipids in the presence of BSA, and the cholesterol efflux was enhanced by the presence of HDL, whereas cells expressing ABCG1-K120M did not, suggesting that ATP binding and/or hydrolysis is required for the efflux. Mass and TLC analyses revealed that ABCG1 and ABCA1 secrete several species of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), and SMs were preferentially secreted by ABCG1, whereas PCs were preferentially secreted by ABCA1. These results suggest that ABCA1 and ABCG1 mediate the lipid efflux in different mechanisms, in which different species of phospholipids are secreted, and function coordinately in the removal of cholesterol and phospholipids from peripheral cells. 相似文献
8.
Hatano N Ohya S Muraki K Clark RB Giles WR Imaizumi Y 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2004,279(7):5450-5459
Contributions of the C-terminal domain of Kv4.3 to the voltage-dependent gating of A-type K+ current (IA) were examined by (i) making mutations in this region, (ii) heterologous expression in HEK293 cells, and (iii) detailed voltage clamp analyses. Progressive deletions of the C terminus of rat Kv4.3M (to amino acid 429 from the N terminus) did not markedly change the inactivation time course of IA but shifted the voltage dependence of steady state inactivation in the negative direction to a maximum of -17 mV. Further deletions (to amino acid 420) shifted this parameter in the positive direction, suggesting a critical role for the domain 429-420 in the voltage-dependent regulation of IA. There are four positively charged amino acids in this domain: Lys423, Lys424, Arg426, and Arg429. The replacement of the two arginines with alanines (R2A) resulted in -23 and -13 mV shifts of inactivation and activation, respectively. Additional replacement of the two lysines with alanines did not result in further shifts. Single replacements of R426A or R429A induced -15 and -10 mV shifts of inactivation, respectively. R2A did not significantly change the inactivation rate but did markedly change the voltage dependence of recovery from inactivation. These two arginines are conserved in Kv4 subfamily, and alanine replacement of Arg429 and Arg432 in Kv4.2 gave essentially the same results. These effects of R2A were not modulated by co-expression of the K+ channel beta subunit, KChIPs. In conclusion, the two arginines in the cytosolic C-terminal domain of alpha-subunits of Kv4 subfamily strongly regulate the voltage dependence of channel activation, inactivation, and recovery. 相似文献
9.
10.